1、Design Calculations for Sucker Rod Pumping Systems (Conventional Units)API TECHNICAL REPORT 11L FIFTH EDITION, JUNE 2008Design Calculations for Sucker Rod Pumping Systems (Conventional Units)Upstream SegmentAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 11L FIFTH EDITION, JUNE 2008Special NotesAPI publications necessarily ad
2、dress problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed
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10、nt, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineer
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12、on or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardiz
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15、ctor. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopyi
16、ng, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2008 American Petroleum InstituteForewordThis technical report is under the jurisdiction of the API Standards Subcom
17、mittee on Field Operating Equipment (API SC11). This technical report replaces Recommended Practice 11L, Design Calculations for Sucker Rod Pumping Systems, 4th Edition. This technical report shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used voluntarily from the date of distrib
18、ution.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone
19、 against liability for infringement of letters patent.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiContentsPage1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Validity of Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Symbols and Formulas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Symbols, with Units Where Applicable, Used in the Technical Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Formulas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Design Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Annex A Discussion of Non-dimensional Pa
23、rameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figure3.1 Basic Dynagra
24、ph Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.1 Sp/S Plunger Stroke Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. 154.2 F1/SkrPeak Polished Rod Load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.3 F2/SkrMinimum Polished Rod Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . 174.4 2T/S2KrPeak Torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.5 F3/SkrPolished Rod Horse Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . 194.6 Ta, Adjustment for Peak Torque for Values of Wrf/SkrOther Than 0.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A.1 Percentage Increase in Fundamental Frequency 1 1/8 in., 1 in., and 7/8 in. Three-way Taper String. . . . 24A.2 Percentage Increase in Fundamenta
28、l Frequency 1 in., 7/8 in., and 3/4 in. Three-way Taper String . . . . . 25A.3 Percentage Increase in Fundamental Frequency 7/8 in., 3/4 in., and 5/8 in. Three-way Taper String . . . . 26A.4 Percentage Increase in Fundamental Frequency3/4 in., 5/8 in., and 1/2 in. Three-way Taper String . . . . 27A.
29、5 Four-way Taper Strings Percent Increase in Fundamental Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28A.6 Percentage Increase in Fundamental Frequency Specific Rod Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Tables4.1 Rod and Pump Data (See 4.5) . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.2 Tubing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.3 Sucker Rod Data . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.4 Pump Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . 14v1Design Calculations for Sucker Rod Pumping Systems (Conventional Units)1 Introduction1.1 In 1954, a group of users and manufacturers of sucker rod pumping equipment undertook a study in depth of the many complex problems associated with this means of lifting fluid from a well. To control and
33、direct the effort, Sucker Rod Pumping Research, Incorporated, a non-profit organization was created. The services of Midwest Research Institute at Kansas City were retained to perform the work necessary to achieve the objectives of the organization.1.2 The design calculations are based on correlatio
34、ns of the test data that were obtained during the research phase of the project. Sucker Rod Pumping Research, Inc., before its dissolution, released these correlated test results to the American Petroleum Institute for publication. This technical report for the design calculations of sucker rod pump
35、ing systems using conventional pumping units is based on these correlations.1.3 Three discussions included in the final reports of test results by Midwest Research Institute have been published for permanent reference in API Drilling and Production Practice (1968). These discussions include the foll
36、owing topics:a) vibration characteristics of sucker-rod strings;b) physical characteristics of sucker rods;c) dimensional analysis of sucker-rod pumping systems.1.4 A catalog of over 1100 dynamometer cards derived from the electronic analog computer for many combinations of the independent non-dimen
37、sional parameters Fo/Skrand N/Nowas included in the material released to API by Sucker Rod Pumping Research, Inc. This catalog has been printed as API 11L2, Catalog of Analog Computer Dynamometer Cards.1.5 Two computer programs have been developed from the data in API 11L. One program developed tabu
38、lar material calculated for depths of 2000 ft to 12,000 ft in increments of 500 ft and for production rates of 100 barrels/day to over 1500 barrels/day in varying increments. Rod and pump size combinations as listed in Table 4.1 were used, except for the elimination of rod no. 88 and rod no. 99. All
39、 API stroke lengths are covered. This material is printed as API 11L3, Sucker Rod Pumping System Design Book.1.6 The other program developed a series of curves for selecting beam pumping units for depths of 1600 ft to 9900 ft and various rates of production and combinations of rod sizes, pump sizes,
40、 and speeds. Generally, the limiting factor on the curve is the peak torque rating of the unit. This material was printed as API 11L4, Curves for Selecting Beam Pumping Units (withdrawn from publication in 2008). 2 Validity of Calculations2.1 In a majority of cases, it has been found that the values
41、 calculated by the following method have been in reasonably close agreement with measured values. Several groups conducting independent surveys have found this design method to give better results than other methods formerly used. However, since this method is based on the best interpretations of av
42、erage values, the actual conditions found in individual cases may not always yield valid predictions of pumping system performance.2 API TECHNICAL REPORT 11L2.2 The designer must realize that there are a number of unusual conditions which may be present in a well that could cause misleading conclusi
43、ons from these design calculations. Some of these unusual conditions are:a) slanted or crooked holes;b) very viscous fluid;c) excessive sand production;d) excessive gas production through the pump; ande) well flowing-off.2.3 The research work was limited to simulated problems in which the tubing was
44、 assumed as being anchored at the pump. Therefore, the test results reflected only this condition. However, because of the many known cases in which tubing is unanchored, a formula is included which, experience indicates, will give a very close approximation of relative plunger travel with respect t
45、o the pump. This value is identified with the symbol Sp. Examination of the formula will reveal that the contraction of the tubing caused by the transfer of the fluid load from the standing valve to the traveling valve is subtracted from the calculated plunger stroke. It is realized that this formul
46、a is highly simplified and not mathematically correct, but it is close enough for practical application.2.4 These design calculations may be used with confidence when applied to the broad category of average, normal pumping wells fitting the assumed conditions outlined in Annex A. Unusual, condition
47、s not fitting the assumptions will cause deviations from calculated performance. The designer must recognize this fact even though he cannot calculate quantitative values for this deviation.3 Symbols and Formulas3.1 Symbols, with Units Where Applicable, Used in the Technical Report3.1.1 CBE counterw
48、eight required, lb3.1.2 D plunger diameter, in.3.1.3 Er elastic constantrods, in./lb-ft (Table 4.1, Column 4).NOTE Errepresents the inches of elongation caused by the application of a load of 1 lb to a rod 1 ft in length3.1.4 Et elastic constanttubing, in./lb ft (see Table 4.2, Column 5) NOTE Et rep
49、resents the inches of elongation caused by application of a load of 1 lb to a section of tubing 1 ft in length.3.1.5 F1 PPRL factor (see Figure 3.1)DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR SUCKER ROD PUMPING SYSTEMS (CONVENTIONAL UNITS)33.1.6 F2 MPRL factor (see Figure 3.1)3.1.7 Fc frequency factor (see Table 4.1, Column 5)3.1.8 Fo differential fluid load on full plunger area, lb (see Figure 3.1)3.1.9 F3 PRHP factor3.1.10 G specific gravity of produced fluid3.1.11 H net lift, ft3.1.12 L pump depth, ft3.1.13 MPRL minimum polished rod load, lb (see Figure 3.1)3.1.14 N pumping speed, SPM3.1.15 No natural
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