1、Attributes of Production Chemicals in Subsea Production SystemsAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 17TR6 FIRST EDITION, MARCH 2012Attributes of Production Chemicals in Subsea Production SystemsUpstream SegmentAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 17TR6 FIRST EDITION, MARCH 2012Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address prob
2、lems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, wit
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10、Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2012 American Petroleum InstituteForewordThis document was generated, by means of the BASICS Joint Industry Project (JIP) in response to the continuing problem of blockages occurring in control and chem
11、ical injection fluid conduits incorporated in subsea production systems (SPSs). The JIP committee comprised a representative cross section of experienced industry personnel from engineering, manufacturing and operational organizations.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requireme
12、nt in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwi
13、se, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to t
14、he Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References.
15、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Terms an
16、d Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Abbreviated Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . 54 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 SPS Production ChemicalsApplication Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.1 Supplier Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2 Parameter Verification86 SPS Production ChemicalsCommon Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.1 General Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.2 Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.3 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.4 Solvent Type. . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.5 Particulates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . 116.6 Temperature Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.7 Hydrate Stability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.8 Chemical-Chemical Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.9 Umbilical Displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246.10 Supply and Installation Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.11 Chemical-Material Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266.12 Manufacturing ToleranceQuality Control Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Annex A (normative) Additional Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Annex B (informative) Recommended Spacer Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Annex C (normative) Chemical-Material Compatibility Laboratory Testing . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Figures1 Example of a Compatibility Matrix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Tables1 Parameters of the SPS Operational Envelope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Example Range of Chemicals Included in a SPS Chemical Compatibility Matr
29、ix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Compatibility Test Mixing Ratios (vol/vol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Compatibility Test Mixing Ratios (vol/vol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Compatibility Test Mixing Ratios (vol/vol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Compatibility Test Mixing Ratios (vol/vol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Candidate Production Chemicals for Pre-qualification Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Examples of Chemical-Material Compatibility Data Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 29vIntroductionProduction chemicals delivered to a subsea production system (SPS) via a chemical injection system can be complex formulations that have a wide range of chemical and physical properties. In service, the production chemicals can come into contact with other fluids, metallic and polyme
33、ric materials, and a range of physical conditions in respect of temperature and pressure. Inadequate specification can therefore result in failure to deliver a production chemical to the required production system location.The intent of the BASICS JIP is to produce a Specification (Spec) standard fo
34、r global industry use to address this problem. This document has been developed with the objective of minimizing the risk of a production chemical not being delivered at the required volumetric rate, due to inadequate specification of the production chemical delivery system, or formation of restrict
35、ions or blockages in that system.To do this, the document specifies parameters that address manufacture, storage and transportation of the production chemical, as well as its deployment using the SPS chemical injection system. The document provides for two approaches, requiring that parameters be ei
36、ther:1) measured and reconciled with SPS design and operation; or 2) meet or exceed acceptance criteria specified, either in this document or by manufacturers of production chemicals or equipment used to deliver production chemicals.Attention is drawn to the fact that in addition to the assessment a
37、nd testing specified in this document, project specific assessments and tests may be required, and these should be agreed between the purchaser and the production chemical supplier or equipment manufacturer, as appropriate.This document takes into account, many aspects of conventional SPS design and
38、 operation and also some common aspects of SPS failure that can impact on the application of a production chemical in an SPS. It should be noted however that any SPS can have specific features that in the event of failure may result in a blockage or restriction. Such system specific features and fai
39、lures are not addressed by this document.This document is intended to be applicable to all subsea developments, irrespective of whether the development is in shallow or deep water. However, it should be recognized that the significance of a blockage or restriction can be significantly different for
40、a deepwater development relative to a shallow water development. Consequently, more rigorous application of the verification program could be appropriate for a deepwater development.vi1Attributes of Production Chemicals in Subsea Production Systems1 ScopeThis document identifies and specifies the es
41、sential attributes of production chemicals intended to be introduced to subsea oil and gas production systems.The document is intended for use by chemical suppliers to facilitate the provision of chemicals compatible with existing and intended subsea production systems (SPS) although it is envisaged
42、 that use of the document for specification purposes by the operators of such processes, will assist in ensuring the completeness of requests to supply.The application of the document requires acceptance of the principle that it is the suppliers responsibility to ensure that the chemicals supplied a
43、re fit for purpose and safe to use, although it is acknowledged that this responsibility can only be fulfilled if specification of requirements is complete. To this end the document identifies essential information that only SPS designers and operators can provide but without knowledge of which, sup
44、pliers should not supply. In the requirements of this document, responsibility for obtaining these items of critical information is placed upon the supplier, in the expectation that designers and operators will respond with their ready provision.The functional performance of production chemicals is
45、outside the scope of this document.The assessments and tests specified in this document are not intended to qualify materials for use in an SPS in respect of pressure containment, mechanical load, cyclic mechanical load, or other design parameters.The chemical-chemical compatibility of production ch
46、emicals at their respective application concentrations is also outside the scope of this document as is the effect of any incompatibility on their respective functional performance.Finally, this document does not consider the health, safety, or environmental (HS pressure; dose rate of a production c
47、hemical or oil production rate.3.1.23 production chemicalChemical, or mixture of chemicals, that are applied to produced or injected fluids in order to enable the production or injection process to take place, e.g. prevention of corrosion that could be caused by the produced or injected fluids; prev
48、ention of hydrate formation; prevention of mineral scale or wax deposition; H2S scavenging; demulsification; friction reduction. NOTE A production chemical may also be referred to as “process chemical” or “chemical”.ATTRIBUTES OF PRODUCTION CHEMICALS IN SUBSEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 53.1.24 produced flu
49、idThe expected output of the SPS.NOTE This is a collective term that includes oil, condensate, water, and gas. 3.1.25 shelf lifeThe time period in which a fluid remains stable and useable when stored in accordance with the manufacturers storage and handling procedure.3.1.26 solventChemical that can dissolve or disperse another chemical so that the resulting liquid is either a solution or suspension of the other chemical. NOTE The scientific definition is, “A liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution.”3.1.27 uptime requirementUnit of time dur
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