ANSI AGMA 1012-2005 Gear Nomenclature Definitions of Terms with Symbols《齿轮命名、术语的定义和符号》.pdf

1、ANSI/AGMA1012-G05ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05Revision ofANSI/AGMA 1012-F90AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDGear Nomenclature, Definition of Termswith SymbolsCopyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f

2、rom IHS-,-,-iiGear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with SymbolsANSI/AGMA 1012-G05Revision of ANSI/AGMA 1012-F90Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the require-ments for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by thestandards d

3、eveloper.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review,substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests.Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily una-nimity. Consensus requires that all

4、 views and objections be considered, and that aconcerted effort be made toward their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does notin any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, frommanufacturing, marketing, purchasi

5、ng, or using products, processes, or procedures notconforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in nocircumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, noperson shall have the right or authority to issue an i

6、nterpretation of an American NationalStandard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpre-tation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear ManufacturersAssociation.CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement,revi

7、sion, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMAtechnical publication should be sure that the publication is the latest available from theAssociation on the subject matter.Tables or other self-supporting sections may be referenced. Citations should read: SeeANSI/AGMA

8、1012-G05, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols, pub-lished by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 500 Montgomery Street, Suite350, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, http:/www.agma.org.Approved September 29, 2005ABSTRACTThis standard lists terms and their definitions with symbols f

9、or gear nomenclature.Published byAmerican Gear Manufacturers Association500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350, Alexandria, Virginia 22314Copyright 2005 by American Gear Manufacturers AssociationAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronicretrieval system

10、 or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN: 1-55589-846-7AmericanNationalStandardCopyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without li

11、cense from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDiii AGMA 2005 - All rights reservedContentsForeword iv.1 Scope 1.2 Normative references 1.3 Terms and symbols 1.4 Geometric definitions 24.1 General designations 24.2 Kinds of gears 34.3 Principal planes 74.4 Principal directions 94.5 Su

12、rfaces and dimensions 94.6 Terms related to gear teeth 144.7 Terms related to gear pairs 264.8 Terms related to tooth contact in a gear pair 27.5 Inspection definitions 30.Bibliography 75.Index of terms 53AnnexesA Abbreviations 41.B Glossary of trade terms 42.C Terms and symbols 43Copyright American

13、 Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDiv AGMA 2005 - All rights reservedForewordThe foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this docume

14、nt are provided forinformational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA1012-G05, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols.In 1926 the AGMA adopted a recommended practice for gearing nomenclature, terms anddefinitions. It included some symbols and abbreviations.A

15、 complete revision of terms and definitions by the AGMA Nomenclature Committee wasissued as AGMA 112.02 in October, 1948. This later became AGMA 112.03, and AmericanStandard B6.10-1954, with ASME as a co-sponsor.A separate project dealing with Letter Symbols for Gear Engineering appeared in 1943 asA

16、GMA 111.01, later becoming AGMA 111.03 and American Standard B6.5-1954.Abbreviations for Gearing was another separate project released as AGMA 116.01 in 1955.Most of these abbreviations were already listed in American Standard Z32.13-1950Abbreviations for Use on Drawings, and it was, therefore, unne

17、cessary to process gearingabbreviations as a separate American Standard. The number of abbreviations used ingearing has intentionally been kept very small to permit memorizing without the need torefer to the standard.AGMA Standard 112.04, Gear Nomenclature (Geometry) Terms, Definitions, Symbols andA

18、bbreviations, was a complete revision and integration of the three standards previouslymentioned. Because of the widespread acceptance of the previous standards, changeswere kept to a minimum. The standard in this form was approved by the AGMA Membershipon April 25, 1965.AGMA 112.05 included several

19、 revisions to keep it abreast of the then current gearingtechniques. It was approved by Standards Committee B6, Gears, the Co-Secretariats andthe American National Standards Institute on February 3, 1976 and designated ANSIB6.14-1976.ANSI/AGMA 1012-F90 was a revision of 112.05. This revision incorpo

20、rated the terms fromAGMA Standard 116.01 (Oct., 1972), Glossary of Terms Used in Gearing, and terms fromANSI/AGMA 2000-A88, Gear Classification and Inspection Handbook, Tolerances andMeasuring Methods for Unassembled Spur and Helical Gears (Including MetricEquivalents). In addition, terms which star

21、ted to be commonly used in gear load rating wereintroduced in the annex.ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05 is a revision that updates the style of presentation, reordered thesequence of some terms, added definitions for right and left flank, and modified annexes Band C.The first draft of ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05 was made

22、 in June 2002. It was approved by theAGMA membership in July, 2005. It was approved as an American National Standard onSeptember 29, 2005.Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to theAmerican Gear Manufacturers Association, 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 350,

23、 Alexandria,Virginia 22314.Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDv AGMA 2005 - All rights reservedPERSONNEL of the AGMA No

24、menclature CommitteeChairman: Dwight Smith Cole Manufacturing Systems.ACTIVE MEMBERSM.R. Chaplin Contour Hardening, Inc.R.L. Errichello GEARTECH.O.A. LaBath Gear Consulting Services of Cincinnati, LLCT. Miller CST CincinnatiJ.M. Rinaldo Atlas Copco Comptec, Inc.Copyright American Gear Manufacturers

25、Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDvi AGMA 2005 - All rights reserved(This page is intentionally blank)Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Pro

26、vided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1 AGMA 2005 - All rights reservedANSI/AGMA 1012-G05AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDAmerican National Standard -Gear Nomenclature,Definitions of Terms withSymbols1 ScopeThis standard estab

27、lishes the definitions of terms,symbols and abbreviations which may be used tocommunicate the technology and specifications ofexternal and internal gear teeth. It provides definitivemeanings by the use of words and illustrations, forcommonly used gearing terms.2 Normative referencesThe following doc

28、uments contain provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthe standard. At the time of publication, the editionswere valid. All publications are subject to revision,and the users of this standard are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recented

29、itions of the publications listed.ISO 701:1998, International gear notation -Symbols for geometrical data.3 Terms and symbols3.1 TermsThe terminology used in this standard is intended foruse in all AGMA documents and is summarized inthe index.Many terms are listed in the index more than once byresta

30、ting alphabetically with rearranged key words,to aid user look-up of related terms.3.2 SymbolsThe purpose of standard symbols for gear engineer-ing is to establish a uniform practice in mathematicalnotation for equations and formulas dealing withtoothed gearing. Such equations and correspondingcalcu

31、lations may be used in connection with design,application, manufacture, inspection, new methods,and new problems.NOTE: The symbols and definitions used in this stan-dard may differ from other AGMA standards. The usershould not assume that familiar symbols can be usedwithout a careful study of these

32、definitions.SI (metric) units of measure, where applicable, areshown in the text. Where equations require adifferent format or constant for use with SI units, theprimary equation has an (M) appended and thesecondary expression is shown after the first,indented.Example:d = zm(2M)D =NPd(2)Symbols must

33、 be distinguished from abbreviationswhich are shortened forms of words often used ondrawings and in tables, but not suitable for mathe-matical work (see annex A). For example, thesymbol for circular pitch is p, whereas the abbrevi-ation is CP.AGMA is changing to use symbols consistent withsymbols us

34、ed by ISO. In the definition titles, wherethe old AGMA symbol is still commonly used butdiffers from the ISO symbol, both symbols are listedwith the ISO symbol at the end of the line. Annex Ccontains an alphabetical list of the old symbols withthe new symbols also listed.3.2.1 SubscriptsA subscript

35、following the general symbol may beused to indicate a value applying to a particular gearor tool, or a value taken at a particular position or in aparticular direction. For convenience and brevity, itis desirable to use a general symbol without asubscript when only one value of a given kind isinvolv

36、ed. Thus, in a spur gear or a straight-toothbevel gear, there is occasion to consider only onecross section of the teeth, namely, the transverseCopyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen

37、se from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD2 AGMA 2005 - All rights reservedsection, and it is convenient and natural to refer, forinstance, simply to the circular pitch, p, and thepressure angle, . In the case of gears with obliqueteeth, on the other hand, it is usually necessary

38、to bespecific and to refer to the transverse pitch, pt, andthe transverse pressure angle, t, in order not toleave any doubt as to whether values are being givenfor the transverse plane or normal plane.3.2.2 TypographyIn accordance with the usual practice in publishedtext, symbols, whether upper or l

39、ower case, shouldbe printed in serif italic font. This is done to avoidconfusion in reading the symbols and to make adistinction between upper and lower case. Anexception is Greek capital letters and all subscripts,which are always vertical sans serif font.Numbers appearing as coefficients, subscrip

40、ts,superscripts, or exponents should be printed invertical Arabic numerals. Abbreviations shouldalways be printed vertical and are not recommendedfor use in formulas. Trigonometric functions shouldbe printed in lower case vertical type. Standardmathematical notation should be followed.4 Geometric de

41、finitionsThere is an old Chinese proverb that states: Thebeginning of wisdom is to call things by their rightnames. Unfortunately, gearing terms and meaningsvary in different offices, shops, textbooks, andamong gear authorities.To obtain related continuity, the terms have beengrouped in what may be

42、called a textbook arrange-ment in preference to alphabetical order. Many ofthe definitions have been written in a way that makesthem depend on one another, as a logical series.This arrangement leads to a more comprehensiveunderstanding of the concepts and geometricalrelations.4.1 General designation

43、s4.1.1 GearsGears are machine elements that transmit motion bymeans of successively engaging teeth, see figure 1.4.1.2 Gear (wheel)A gear (wheel) is a machine part with gear teeth. Oftwo gears that run together, the one with the largernumber of teeth is called the gear, see figure 1.(Wheel per ISO 1

44、122-1:1998).PinionGear(wheel)RackFigure 1 - Gears4.1.3 PinionA pinion is a machine part with gear teeth. Of twogears that run together, the one with the smallernumber of teeth is called the pinion, see figure 1.4.1.4 WormA worm is a gear with one or more teeth in the form ofscrew threads, see figure

45、s 2 and 9.Figure 2 - Worm4.1.5 RackA rack is a gear with teeth spaced along a straightline, and suitable for straight line motion. It can beregarded as part of a gear of infinitely large diameter,seefigure1.4.1.6 Basic rackFor every pair of conjugate involute profiles, there isa basic rack (see 4.7.

46、1). This basic rack is the profileof the conjugate gear of infinite pitch radius, seefigure 3.Copyright American Gear Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with AGMANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05AMERICAN NATIONA

47、L STANDARD3 AGMA 2005 - All rights reservedProfile angleFigure 3 - Basic rack in normal plane4.1.7 Generating rackA generating rack is a rack outline used to indicatetooth details and dimensions for the design of agenerating tool, such as a hob or a gear shapercutter.4.1.8 Number of teeth or threads

48、, N, zNumber of teeth or threads is the number of teethcontained in the whole circumference of the pitchcircle.4.1.9 Gear ratio, mG, uGear ratio is the ratio of the larger to the smallernumber of teeth in a pair of gears.u =z2z1(1M)mG=NGNP(1)4.2 Kinds of gears4.2.1 External gearAn external gear is one with the teeth formed on theouter surface of a cylinder or cone, see figure 4.External gear Internal gearInternal bevel gearExternal bevel gearFigure 4 - External and internal gears4.2.2 Internal gearAn internal gear is one with the teeth formed on theinner surface of a cylinder or con