ANSI AGMA 9005-F16-2016 Industrial Gear Lubrication《工业齿轮润滑》.pdf

1、ANSI/AGMA 9005-F16 ANSI/AGMA 9005-F16 (Revision of ANSI/AGMA 9005-E02) American National Standard Industrial Gear Lubrication AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 9005-F16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved i Industrial Gear Lubrication ANSI/AGMA 9005-F16 Revision of ANSI/AGMA 9005-E02 Approval of an Ame

2、rican National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reache

3、d by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Stan

4、dards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing or using products, processes or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does n

5、ot develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpr

6、etation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufacturers Association. CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA technical publications are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMA Technical Publication should be sure that

7、the publication is the latest available from the Association on the subject matter. Tables or other self-supporting sections may be referenced. Citations should read: See ANSI/AGMA 9005-F16, Industrial Gear Lubrication, published by the American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1001 N. Fairfax Street

8、, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, http:/www.agma.org. Approved March 23, 2016 ABSTRACT This standard provides lubrication guidelines for enclosed and open gearing installed in general industrial power transmission applications. It is not intended to supplant specific instructions from the gea

9、r manufacturer. Published by American Gear Manufacturers Association 1001 N. Fairfax Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Copyright 2016 by American Gear Manufacturers Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval syst

10、em or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-55589-052-0 American National Standard AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 9005-F16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved ii Contents Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Te

11、rms and definitions . 2 4 Overview . 3 4.1 General . 3 4.2 Lubricant selection 4 4.3 Lubricant classifications 5 4.3.1 Inhibited . 5 4.3.2 Antiscuff . 5 4.3.3 Compounded . 5 5 Minimum performance requirements 6 6 Enhanced lubricant characteristics . 9 6.1 Improved low temperature properties . 9 6.2

12、Improved high temperature properties . 9 6.3 Broad temperature properties . 9 6.4 Enhanced wear protection properties . 9 6.5 Efficiency . 10 6.6 Foaming 10 6.7 Enhanced rust prevention properties 10 7 System considerations . 10 7.1 Operating conditions . 10 7.1.1 Speed . 10 7.1.2 Ambient temperatur

13、e . 11 7.1.3 Oil sump temperature 11 7.1.4 Low temperature gear oils . 11 7.1.5 System cleanliness 11 7.1.6 Other conditions . 12 7.2 Thermal management . 12 7.2.1 Heaters 12 7.2.2 Coolers . 12 7.3 Lubrication methods . 12 7.3.1 Splash-enclosed gearboxes 12 7.3.2 Circulating pump-enclosed gearboxes

14、13 7.3.3 Manual application open gearing 13 7.3.4 Spray systems open gearing 13 7.4 Protective devices . 13 7.5 Lubricant selection 13 8 Open gearing 14 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 9005-F16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved iii Annexes Annex A Lubricant properties and methods of measurement 15

15、Annex B Guideline for lubricant viscosity grade selection . 21 Annex C Guideline for determining lubricant type based on application . 27 Annex D Guideline for lubrication of open gearing not covered by ANSI/AGMA 6114 . 28 Annex E Guideline for recirculating lubricant condition monitoring . 29 Annex

16、 F Lubrication system maintenance . 32 Annex G Antiwear and antiscuff additives . 34 Annex H High speed gearbox lubrication . 36 Annex I Bibliography 38 Tables Table 1 Viscosity grade requirements 5 Table 2 Minimum performance requirements for inhibited (RO) lubricants . 6 Table 3 Minimum performanc

17、e requirements for antiscuff (AS) lubricants 7 Table 4 Minimum performance requirements for compounded (CP) lubricants 8 Table B.1 Viscosity grade at bulk oil operating temperature for oils having a viscosity index of 90 for spur, helical and bevel gears 22 Table B.2 Viscosity grade at bulk oil oper

18、ating temperature for oils having a viscosity index of 120 for spur, helical and bevel gears 23 Table B.3 Viscosity grade at bulk oil operating temperature for oils having a viscosity index of 160 for spur, helical and bevel gears 24 Table B.4 Viscosity grade at bulk oil operating temperature for oi

19、ls having a viscosity index of 240 for spur, helical and bevel gears 25 Table B.5 ISO viscosity grade guidelines for enclosed cylindrical wormgear drives . 26 Table B.6 ISO viscosity grade guidelines for enclosed globoidal wormgear drives 26 Table C.1 Lubricant classification guidelines . 27 Table C

20、.2 Examples of operation for driving units as they relate to Table C.1 27 Table C.3 Examples of operating modes of driven units industrial gears . 27 Table D.1 Minimum viscosity recommendations for open gearing Continuous lubricant application . 28 Table D.2 Minimum viscosity recommendations for ope

21、n gearing Intermittent lubricant application . 28 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 9005-F16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved iv Foreword The foreword, footnotes and annexes, if any, in this document are provided for informational purposes only and are not to be construed as a part of ANSI/AGMA Stan

22、dard 9005-F16, Industrial Gear Lubrication. AGMA formed the Lubrication Committee in 1938 to study gear lubrication problems. This committee drafted tentative standard 250.01, Lubrication of Enclosed and Open Gearing, which was accepted in 1943 and adopted as a full standard in 1946. Lubrication Sta

23、ndard 250.01 was revised to include only industrial enclosed gearing and was accepted by the membership in 1955 as AGMA 250.02. AGMA 250.03, which was published in 1972, superseded AGMA 250.02 as well as AGMA 250.02A, Typical Manufacturers Oils Meeting AGMA Standard 250.02, May, 1956, and AGMA 252.0

24、2, Mild Extreme Pressure Lubricants, May 1959. The list of Typical Manufacturers Oils was eliminated due to difficulties in keeping such a list up to date. AGMA 250.03 contained instead, a list of detailed specifications that had to be met before an oil could be recommended for use in AGMA rated gea

25、r drives. It then became the responsibility of the oil supplier to certify a particular product as meeting AGMA specifications. AGMA 250.04, published in 1981, eliminated lead naphthenate as an EP additive and adjusted the AGMA lubricant numbering system to be coincident with the viscosity ranges es

26、tablished by the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM D 2422), the British Standards Institute (B.S. 4231), and the International Standards Organization (ISO 3448). The elimination of open gearing, where the bearings are lubricated separately, from AGMA 250.02 created the need for a new stan

27、dard to cover this area of lubrication. AGMA Standard AGMA 251.01, Lubrication of Industrial Open Gearing, was approved in April 1963. This standard was revised in September, 1974. AGMA 251.02 extended coverage to bevel gears. Other changes included the addition of AGMA Lubricant Numbers based on th

28、e ASTM viscosity system and complete specifications for R bearings; seals; piping and hoses; sight gauges; paints; sealants; operating conditions such as: ambient temperature; operating lubricant temperatures; minimum and maximum pitch line velocities; critical special circumstances such as: low tem

29、perature start-up; ambient temperatures above 50C; transient loads. Using the above information, one can estimate the appropriate viscosity for the particular application based on the effective operating temperature the gears will see in service. Since industrial gear applications involve a wide var

30、iety of operating conditions and gear types, lubricants are classified according to their general performance characteristics as well as by their viscosity. CAUTION: The addition of additives to finished lubricants can have unpredictable and harmful results and should not be attempted by anyone othe

31、r than the original lubricant manufacturer. Table 1 is provided as a cross reference for former AGMA grades and currently used ISO viscosity grades. NOTE: With the change from AGMA viscosity grade equivalents to ISO viscosity grade classifications, the designations S, EP, R, and COMP will no longer

32、be used as part of the viscosity grade nomenclature. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 9005-F16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved 5 Table 1 Viscosity grade requirements ISO viscosity grade Mid-point kinematic viscosity at 40C, mm2/s1) Kinematic viscosity limits at 40C, mm2/s1) Former AGMA grade equiv

33、alent min max ISO VG 32 32 28.8 35.2 0 ISO VG 46 46 41.4 50.6 1 ISO VG 68 68 61.2 74.8 2 ISO VG 100 100 90.0 110 3 ISO VG 150 150 135 165 4 ISO VG 220 220 198 242 5 ISO VG 320 320 288 352 6 ISO VG 460 460 414 506 7 ISO VG 680 680 612 748 8 ISO VG 1000 1000 900 1100 8A ISO VG 1500 1500 1350 1650 9 IS

34、O VG 2200 2200 1980 2420 10 ISO VG 3200 3200 2880 3520 11 NOTES: 1) The preferred unit for kinematic viscosity is mm2/s, commonly referred to as centistoke (cSt). 4.3 Lubricant classifications For the purposes of this document, lubricants are considered to be in one of three distinct classes: inhibi

35、ted, antiscuff, or compounded. Each class has its own set of requirements and is intended to provide the correct performance for each application. Open gear lubricants include other classifications such as residual and greases. For more on these types of lubricants refer to ANSI/AGMA 6114 3. 4.3.1 I

36、nhibited These are commonly referred to as rust and oxidation inhibited, R for example, extreme hot or cold conditions, very high or slow speeds, or heavily loaded operations. When considering an improved performance property, the application as well as gearbox components serviced by the lubricant s

37、hould be carefully considered in the selection. Although properties can be influenced by base fluids and additives, overall lubricant performance limitations need to be considered as well. Performance of the lubricant is optimized when both physical and chemical properties are correctly balanced for

38、 the application of choice. The following provides some guidance in selecting a lubricant with improved characteristics. 6.1 Improved low temperature properties Improved low temperature properties assist in startup of gearboxes under cold starting conditions. Lubricants can become so viscous at low

39、temperatures that they will not flow, pour, or pump. However, a lubricant with enhanced low temperature properties will reduce channeling and remain fluid to maintain circulation within the gearbox. Additionally, this enhanced property will permit pumpability if the lubricant is required to be moved

40、 or transported under pressure. This characteristic can be measured using Brookfield viscosity (ASTM D2983), pour point (ASTM D97 or ASTM D5950), or pumpability tests. See Annex A.12 and A.14. 6.2 Improved high temperature properties Improved high temperature properties maintain adequate film thickn

41、ess, thermal and oxidative properties, yellow metal corrosion protection and aid in minimizing deposits. Applications with high operating temperatures may challenge performance properties of conventional gear lubricants. Correctly selected enhanced high temperature properties will ensure lubricant s

42、tability and proper performance. Maintaining adequate film thickness at elevated operating temperatures is critical to prevent metal-to-metal contact. High temperature film thickness is a function of viscosity and viscosity index. Further information can be obtained using elastohydrodynamic analysis

43、. High temperatures can affect oxidation and thermal stability reducing the useful life of a lubricant. A widely used method to measure oxidative stability is ASTM D2893. This oxidation stability test method can be varied in temperature to ensure the lubricant will not have a substantial change in k

44、inematic viscosity or cause deposit formation at higher temperatures. Yellow metal corrosion protection can be impaired during prolonged periods of high temperature exposure. The conditions, used in the copper corrosion test, ASTM D130, can be tailored as needed to assess protection. 6.3 Broad tempe

45、rature properties Conventional lubricants may be optimized to address either low or high temperature applications. Some applications need to address broad temperature ranges. Lubricant base stocks that combine low and high temperature properties will have a high viscosity index. See Clause A.15. The

46、 higher the viscosity index, the smaller effect temperature will have on the change in the lubricants kinematic viscosity. Viscosity index, as measured by ASTM D2270, is a single number indicating the effect of temperature on kinematic viscosities measured at 40C and 100C. 6.4 Enhanced wear protecti

47、on properties Conventional lubricants offer minimum performance properties that are listed in the tables. Some applications require lubricants that are enhanced for specific types of wear protection. Micropitting resistance. There are a variety of factors that can contribute to micropitting. In some

48、 instances, micropitting may be unpredictable. The micropitting capacity of lubricants may be tested using the test procedure described in Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik, FVA, Information Sheet No. 54/IIV 4. Modifications of the test can be performed to simulate operating conditions of the ge

49、arbox. When failure load stage results are provided for a particular lubricant, the mesh AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/AGMA 9005-F16 AGMA 2016 All rights reserved 10 inlet temperature of the test oil shall also be provided to clarify the test conditions. See ANSI/AGMA 1010 2. Antiscuff. Enhanced antiscuff capability can be assessed through established modifications to the FZG test procedures. See ISO 14635-1, 14635-2, 14635-3. Slow speed wear resistance. Slo