1、The International Authority on Air System ComponentsAIR MOVEMENT AND CONTROLASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL, INC.ANSI/AMCAStandard 500-D-12Laboratory Methods ofTesting Dampers for RatingAn American National StandardApproved by ANSI on March 29, 2012ANSI/AMCA Standard 500-D-12Laboratory Methods of TestingD
2、ampers for RatingAir Movement and Control Association International30 W. University DriveArlington Heights, Illinois60004AMCA Standard 500-D-07 was adopted by the membership of the Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc. on October 19, 2006. It was approved as an American National S
3、tandard by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and became effective on January 23, 2007. The 2012 revision was approved by the AMCA membership on August 29, 2011, and was also approved as an American National Standard on March 29, 2012. 2012 by Air Movement and Control Association Inter
4、national, Inc.All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to th
5、e Executive Director, Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc. at 30 West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893 U.S.A.Air Movement and Control Association International, Inc. will consider and decide all written complaints regarding its standards, certification programs,
6、 or interpretations thereof. For information on procedures for submitting and handling complaints, write to:Air Movement and Control Association International30 West University DriveArlington Heights, IL 60004-1893 U.S.A.AMCA International, Incorporatedc/o Federation of Environmental Trade Associati
7、ons2 Waltham Court, Milley Lane, Hare HatchReading, Berkshire, United KingdomRG10 9THAMCA uses its best efforts to produce standards for the benefit of the industry and the public in light of avail-able information and accepted industry practices. However, AMCA does not guarantee, certify or assure
8、the safety or performance of any products, components or systems tested, designed, installed or operat-ed in accordance with AMCA standards or that any tests conducted under its standards will be non-hazard-ous or free from risk.AMCA PublicationsAuthorityCopyrightObjectionsDisclaimerDane Carey T. A.
9、 Morrison CompanyCommittee ChairMarty Gissel Greenheck Fan CorporationEric Gohring Cesco ProductsDan Huber Ruskin CompanyEd Koop Ruskin CompanyMatt Remington PottorffBob Van Becelaere Ruskin CompanyJohn Young NailorTim Orris AMCA InternationalJohn Pakan AMCA InternationalReview CommitteeRelated AMCA
10、 DocumentsAMCA Publication 502 Damper Application Manual for Heating, Ventilation, and Air-ConditioningAMCA Publication 503 Fire, Ceiling (Radiation), Smoke, and Fire/Smoke Damper Application ManualAMCA Publication 511 Certified Ratings Program - Product Rating Manual for Air Control DevicesANSI/AMC
11、A Standard 510 Methods of Testing Heavy Duty Dampers for RatingANSI/AMCA Standard 520 Laboratory Methods for Testing ActuatorsRelatedPublicationsRelatedStandards1. Purpose .12. Scope.13. Definitions / Units of Measurement / Symbols13.1 Definitions.13.2 Units of measure .33.3 Symbols and Subscripts44
12、. Instruments and Methods of Measurement 44.1 Accuracy 4 .44.2 Pressure44.3 Airflow rate 74.4 Torque .84.5 Air density.84.6 Voltage .94.7 Electrical meters94.8 Pneumatic actuator supply air pressure94.9 Pressure gauges .94.10 Chronometers94.11 Velocity meters.95. Equipment and Setups.95.1 Setups .95
13、.2 Ducts 95.3 Chambers.95.4 Variable supply and exhaust systems 106. Objective, Observations, and Conduct of Test 106.1 Air performance - pressure drop test .106.2 Airflow leakage rate using ambient air 136.3 Airflow leakage rate using ambient or heated air 15 166.4 Dynamic closure test using ambien
14、t air .186.5 Operational test using ambient air .206.6 Damper dynamic operational torque .226.7 Dynamic closure test using heated air 246.8 Operational test using heated air 266.9 Thermal Efficiency Test .29Contents7. Calculations 307.1 Calibration correction .307.2 Density and viscosity of air.307.
15、3 Airflow rate at test conditions .317.4 Density correction327.5 Continuity of mass flow .337.6 Airflow leakage - system leakage correction .337.7 Pressure drop - duct system correction .337.8 Airflow leakage - system leakage correction for elevated temperature leakage tests 347.9 Thermal efficiency
16、 .358. References .35Annex A Presentation of Air Performance Results for Rating Purposes (Informative) 62Annex B Bibliography (Informative)63Annex C Additional Damper Information (Informative) 64ANSI/AMCA 500-D-12 | 1Laboratory Methods of TestingDampers for Rating1. PurposeThe purpose of this standa
17、rd is to establish uniform labo-ratory test methods for dampers. The characteristics to be determined include, as appropriate, air leakage, pressure drop, dynamic closure, and operational torque.It is not the purpose of this standard to specify the testing procedures to be used for design, productio
18、n, or field test-ing. Similarly, it is not the purpose of this standard to indi-cate or establish minimum or maximum performance ratings to be used for specifying these products.2. ScopeThis standard may be used as a basis for testing dampers when air is used as the test gas.A test conducted in acco
19、rdance with the requirements of this standard is intended to demonstrate the performance of a damper and is not intended to determine acceptability level for a damper. It is not within the scope of this standard to indicate the actual sequence of testing.The parties to a test for guarantee purposes
20、may agree to exceptions to this standard in writing prior to the test. However, only a test that does not violate any mandatory requirement of this standard shall be designated as a test conducted in accordance with this standard.For more information on damper modulating control charac-teristics, se
21、e Annex C.3. Definitions / Units of Measurement / Symbols3.1 Definitions3.1.1 DamperA device mounted in a duct or opening which is used to vary the volume of air flowing through the duct or opening. It may be operated manually or mechanically and may have one or more blades.3.1.1.1 Single blade damp
22、erA damper having one blade.3.1.1.2 Multi-blade damperA damper having more than one blade. The damper is a par-allel blade damper if the blades rotate in the same direction; and an opposed blade damper if adjacent blades rotate in opposite directions.3.1.1.3 Curtain damperA damper which uses a folde
23、d, interlocked series of blades. 3.1.1.4 Backdraft damper (shutter)A backdraft damper is a damper which, when mounted in a duct or opening, permits the flow of air in one direction only. It is normally opened by the energy of the air stream, but may be opened and/or closed by mechanical means. A cou
24、nter-balanced backdraft damper has weights and/or springs added to the blade or blades to facilitate or impede the opening or closing action.3.1.2 Air control damperA mechanical device which does not fit the definition of a damper and which when placed in a duct or opening is used to regulate airflo
25、w. 3.1.3 Free areaThe minimum area through which air can pass. It is deter-mined by multiplying the sum of the minimum distances between intermediate blades, top blade and head and bot-tom blade and sill, by the minimum distance between jambs. The percent of free area is the free area thus calculate
26、d, divided by the gross area of the air control damper 100. See damper cross-sections (Figure 1).3.1.3.1 Free area velocityAirflow through a damper divided by its free area.3.1.4 Face areaThe total cross-sectional area of a damper, duct or wall opening. 3.1.4.1 Face area velocityAirflow through a da
27、mper divided by its face area.3.1.5 Psychrometrics3.1.5.1 Dry-bulb temperature (td)Dry-bulb temperature is the air temperature measured by a dry temperature sensor.3.1.5.2 Wet-bulb temperature (tw)Wet-bulb temperature is the temperature measured by a temperature sensor covered by a water-moistened w
28、ick and exposed to air in motion. When properly measured, it is a close approximation of the temperature of adiabatic saturation.3.1.5.3 Total temperature (tt)The temperature which exists by virtue of the internal and 2 | ANSI/AMCA 500-D-12kinetic energy of the air or gas. If the air or gas is at re
29、st, the total temperature will equal the static temperature. 3.1.5.4 Static temperature (ts)The temperature which exists by virtue of the internal ener-gy of the air only.If a portion of the internal energy is converted into kinetic energy, the static temperature will be decreased accordingly. 3.1.5
30、.5 Air density (r)The mass per unit volume of air. 3.1.5.6 Standard airStandard air is air with a density of 1.2 kg/m3(0.075 lbm/ft3), a ratio of specific heats of 1.4, a viscosity of 1.8185 10-5Pa-s (1.222 10-5lbm/ft-s). Air at 20 C (68 F) tempera-ture, 50% relative humidity, and 101.3207 kPa (29.9
31、2 in. Hg) barometric pressure has these properties, approximately.3.1.6 Pressure3.1.6.1 Pressure (P)Pressure is force per unit area. This corresponds to energy per unit volume of fluid.3.1.6.2 Absolute pressure (p)Absolute pressure is the value of a pressure when the datum pressure is absolute zero.
32、 It is always positive.3.1.6.3 Barometric pressure (pb)Barometric pressure is the absolute pressure exerted by the atmosphere at the location of measurement.3.1.6.4 Gauge pressureGauge pressure is the value of a pressure when the ref-erence pressure is the barometric pressure at the point of measure
33、ment. It may be negative or positive.3.1.6.5 Velocity pressure (Pv)Velocity pressure is that portion of the air pressure which exists by virtue of the rate of motion only. It is always positive. 3.1.6.6 Static pressure (Ps)Static pressure is that portion of the air pressure which exists by virtue of
34、 the degree of compression only. If expressed as gauge pressure, it may be negative or positive.3.1.6.7 Total pressure (Pt)Total pressure is the air pressure which exists by virtue of the degree of compression and the rate of motion. It is the algebraic sum of the velocity pressure and the static pr
35、es-sure at a point. Thus, if the air is at rest, the total pressure will equal the static pressure.3.1.6.8 Pressure differential (DPx,x)Pressure differential is the change in static pressure across a damper.3.1.7 Performance variables3.1.7.1 Pressure drop (DP)Pressure drop is a measure of the resist
36、ance to airflow across a damper. It is expressed as the difference in static pressure across a damper for a specific rate of airflow. 3.1.7.2 Closure pressureClosure pressure is the differential pressure across the damper when the damper is closed.3.1.7.3 Airflow leakageAirflow leakage is the amount
37、 of air passing through a damp-er when it is in the closed position and at a specific pressure differential. It is expressed as the volumetric rate of air pass-ing through the damper divided by the face area.3.1.7.4 Ambient temperature dynamic closureAmbient temperature (0 C - 49 C (32 F - 120 F) dy
38、namic closure is the ability of a damper to properly travel from the full open to the full closed position while exposed to specific airflow conditions at ambient temperature. The specific air-flow conditions are the airflow face velocity when the damp-er is in the open position and the pressure dif
39、ferential across the damper in the closed position. The airflow face velocity is the velocity established with the damper in the open posi-tion. The pressure differential is established when the damp-er is in the closed position. All airflow measurements and pressure differential measurements are es
40、tablished at ambi-ent conditions and are corrected to standard air. The damp-er can be tested in either a ducted or in-wall installation. 3.1.7.5 Elevated temperature dynamic closureElevated temperature dynamic closure is the ability of a damper to properly travel from the full open to the full clos
41、ed position while exposed to specific airflow conditions at a specified elevated air temperature. The specific airflow conditions are the airflow face velocity when the damper is in the open position and the pressure differential across the damper in the closed position. The air-flow face velocity i
42、s the velocity established with the damp-er in the open position. The pressure differential is estab-lished when the damper is in the closed position. All airflow measurements and pressure differential measurements are established at ambient conditions and are corrected to stan-dard air. This test i
43、s conducted in a ducted installation only. 3.1.7.6 Ambient temperature operationAmbient temperature (0 C - 49 C (32 F - 120 F) oper-ation is the ability of a damper to properly travel from the full open to full closed position and, if a motorized damp-ANSI/AMCA 500-D-12 | 3er, back to a full open po
44、sition while exposed to specific air-flow conditions at ambient temperature. The specific airflow conditions are the airflow face velocity when the damper is in the open position and the pressure differential across the damper in the closed position. The airflow face velocity is the velocity establi
45、shed when the damper is in the open position. The pressure differential is established when the damper is in the closed position. All airflow measurements are established at ambient conditions and are corrected to standard air. 3.1.7.7 Elevated temperature operationElevated temperature operation is
46、the operational ability of a damper to properly travel from full open to full closed posi-tion at elevated temperatures and, if a motorized damper, operate back to a full open position while exposed to spec-ified airflow conditions. The specified airflow conditions are the airflow face velocity when
47、 the damper is in the open position and the pressure differential across the damper in the closed position. The airflow face velocity is the veloci-ty established when the damper is in the open position. The pressure differential is established when the damper is in the closed position. All airflow
48、measurements are estab-lished at ambient temperature conditions and are correct-ed to standard air. 3.1.7.8 Dynamic operation torqueDynamic operation torque is the torque at varying angles of rotation of the axle which operates the damper from the full open, to the full closed, and back to the full
49、open position while exposed to specific airflow conditions. The specific air-flow conditions are the airflow face velocity when the damp-er is in the open position and the pressure differential across the damper in the closed position. All airflow measurements and pressure differential measure-ments are established at ambient conditions and are corrected to standard air. 3.1.8 Miscellaneous3.1.8.1 Shall and shouldThe word shall is to be understood as mandatory, the word should as advisory. 3.1.8.2 DeterminationA determination is a complete set of measurements for a part
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