ANSI American Society of Safety Engineers A10.46-2013 Hearing Loss Prevention for Construction and Demolition Workers.pdf

1、Printed in U.S.A.ASSEAMERICAN SOCIETY OFSAFETY ENGINEERSAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDANSI/ASSE A10.46 2013ANSI/ASSE A10.46 2013Hearing Loss Prevention forConstruction and Demolition WorkersAmerican National Standardfor Construction and Demolition OperationsANSI/ASSE A10.46 2013The information and mater

2、ials contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI accredited A10 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the correctness or completeness

3、 of this material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the A10 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property. ANSI ANSI/ASSE A10.46 2013 American National

4、 Standard Construction and Demolition Operations Hearing Loss Prevention for Construction and Demolition Workers Secretariat American Society of Safety Engineers 1800 East Oakton Street Des Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187 Approved February 12, 2013 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Approval o

5、f an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, directly and materially affe

6、cted interests have reached substantial agreement. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National St

7、andards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he/she has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institut

8、e does not develop standards and will in no circumstance give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for

9、interpretation shall be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken per

10、iodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published March 2013 by American Society of Safety Engineers 1800 East Oakton Street D

11、es Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187 (847) 699-2929 www.asse.org Copyright 2013 by American Society of Safety Engineers All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Pr

12、inted in the United States of America American National Standard Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard A10.46 2013.) This standard is one of a series of safety standards that have been formulated by the Accredited Standards Committee on Safety in Construction and Demoli

13、tion Operations, A10. It is expected that the standards in the A10 series will find a major application in industry, serving as a guide to contractors, labor and equipment manufacturers. For the convenience of users, a list of existing and proposed standards in the A10 series for Safety Requirements

14、 in Construction and Demolition Operations follows. A10.1 Pre-Project or the hearing threshold shown in the annual audiogram indicates signifi-cant improvement over the baseline audiogram. 6.9 If a STS occurs, a retest may be administered within 30 days to determine if the shift is persistent. Retes

15、ting the same day to confirm STS is acceptable, cost effective and recommended. If the shift persists, the results should be reviewed by an audiologist or physician who has the appropriate licensure and training to interpret audiograms and may be designated by the reviewing audiologist or physician

16、as the employees new baseline. Unless the shift is found to be unrelated to noise by the reviewer, the employer shall record the shift in the workers medical record, and the worker shall be informed in writing of the existence of a STS within 21 calendar days of the determination. The AMERICAN NATIO

17、NAL STANDARD A10.46 2013 15 audiogram confirming a shift should be used as a revised baseline for future audiometric tracking. The employer shall take appro-priate action to protect the worker from additional hearing loss due to occupational noise exposure, including reinstruction and refitting of h

18、earing protectors. 6.10 An employee does not need to be tested if documentation is available indica-ting they had a comparable test within the previous 12 months. 7. TRAINING 7.1 Employers shall provide and document training to all employees covered by this standard within 30 days of hire and at lea

19、st annually. Training in proper use of hearing protection will improve fit and protection. Training shall be conducted prior to first exposure at or above 85 dBA. This training should include: 7.1.1 Hazards of exposure to both occupational and non-occupational noise; 7.1.2 Where and when workers are

20、 likely to have exposures at or above 85 dBA and how they can recognize this situation; 7.1.3 Noise control measures that the employer can use; 7.1.4 Selection, attenuation, fitting and care of available hearing protection; 7.1.5 Inspection of HPDs to determine when they should be discarded and repl

21、aced as damage, deformation, cracks, unusual hardness and dirt can affect fit and protection; 7.1.6 The purpose and procedures of audiometric testing and importance of observing quiet time before testing; and 7.1.7 The early symptoms of hearing loss. 8. RECORDKEEPING 8.1 Audiometric records shall be

22、 preserved and maintained for at least the duration of employment. Records of noise measurements used for exposure estimation, training records and program evaluations shall be preserved and maintained for a minimum of two years. 8.2 Audiometric test records shall only be accessible to appropriate p

23、rogram personnel, affected current or former employees and authorized regulatory personnel, and only with employee permission. Note: Federal, state or local laws may restrict sharing of medical information that can be identified by an individuals name or job, and the reader is advised that the law i

24、n its jurisdiction must be followed. 8.3 Centralized and multiple contractor audiometric database storage whether by an employer or a third party administrator is permissible as long as the other requirements of this section are met. 9. EVALUATION 9.1 Annual evaluations of the hearing conservation p

25、rogram shall be conducted by the employer to assess the effectiveness of measures taken to reduce hearing loss. The evaluations may include, but are not limited to the following annual comparisons: 9.1.1 Number or rate of workers developing an STS; 9.1.2 Number or fraction of workers exposed above 8

26、5 dBA; 9.1.3 Number and types of equipment used that are capable of producing exposures above 85 dBA; 9.1.4 Rate of use of HPDs among exposed workers; 9.1.5 TWA exposure levels; and AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.46 2013 16 9.1.6 Measured personal attenuation levels from user subject fit test of HPD

27、s. 9.2 When evaluation metrics show no improvement or a decline in hearing conservation efforts, hearing protection training programs and noise control measures shall be revised. 10. REFERENCES AIHA Noise Manual, latest edition ANSI S3.1-1999 (R2008), American National Standard Maximum Permissible A

28、mbient Noise Levels for Audiometric Test Rooms ANSI/ASA S3.6-2010, American National Standard Specification for Audiometers ANSI S3.44, Determination of Occupational Noise Exposure and Estimation of Noise-Induced Hearing Impairment ANSI S12.19, Measurement of Occupa-tional Noise ISO 9612-2009, Acous

29、tics Determination of Occupational Noise Exposure - Engineering Method ANSI/ASSE A10 standards such as but not limited to: A10.1, A10.33, A10.38, A10.39, A10.47 Note: The most recent version of the ANSI standards should be used. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.46 2013 17 Appendix 1: Engineering and A

30、dministrative Noise Controls Engineering Control Examples Examples of measures and changes to equipment to make equipment or work areas quieter: Buy or lease quiet substitute existing noisy equipment with quieter equipment Retro-fitting equipment installing mufflers, dampers or vibration isolators o

31、n existing equipment Erecting noise-blocking acoustic barriers or enclosures around noisy equipment or work areas Acoustic treatment of walls and ceilings in noisy work areas Maintenance (well-maintained machines run more quietly) Reducing the feed pressure or drive speed of construction machinery A

32、dministrative Control Examples These are management decisions about work activities that are designed to reduce worker exposure to high noise levels: Moving workers away from the noisy equipment or work areas or moving noisy equipment away from workers Restricting access into noisy areas Rotating wo

33、rkers performing noisy tasks so that no one individual worker is exposed to too much noise Shutting down noisy equipment when not needed Giving noise-exposed workers extended breaks in quiet areas AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.46 2013 18 Appendix 2: Probable Noise Levels of Common Construction Tool

34、s (Non-Mandatory) Probable Noise Levels of Common Construction Tools Noise levels represent exposures at operators ear, except where otherwise indicated. The noise levels are in dBA (A-weighted). Tool Noise level will probably exceed Reference Air gun 108 CDC (2005) Air hammer 110 Bragdon (1971) Air

35、 track drill 110 Eaton (2000) Arc Flash - 160 dB - NFPA 70E-2012 Asphalt grinder 111 Greenspan et al (1995) Backhoe 85 CDC (2005) Belt sander 90 CDC (2005), NIOSH (2005), NZ DOSH (2002) Bored pile driver using auger (at 15 m)- the acoustical conditions of measurement were not reported 81 Hong Kong E

36、PD (1989) Brick saw 94 Burgess and Lai (1999) Bulldozer 87 CDC (2005), Dobie (1993), Alfredson and May (1978) Chipper, pneumatic 100 Hassall (1979), Olishifski (1975) Chipping gun 96 Kerr et al (2002), CDC (2005), Neitzel and Seixas ( (2004) Chopsaw 92 Kerr et al (2002), Neitzel and Seixas (2004) Ci

37、rcular saw 88 Neitzel and Seixas (2004), CDC (2005), NZ DOSH (2002), NIOSH (2005), Kerr et al (2002) Compactor 90 Utley and Miller (1985) Compressed air gun 104 Kerr et al (2002) Compressor (silenced) (at 7m) -the acoustical conditions of measurement were not reported 70 Hong Kong EPD (1989) Compres

38、sor (standard) (at 7m) 77 Hong Kong EPD (1989) Concrete mixer truck at 15 m 75 Alfredson and May (1978) Concrete pump at 15 m 81 Alfredson and May (1978) Concrete saw 98 CDC (2005) Concrete vibrator 90 CDC (2005) Cutoff saw 98 NZ DOSH (2002), Greenspan et al (1995) Diesel hammer pile driver on concr

39、ete pile (at 15m) 95 Hong Kong EPD (1989) Diesel hammer pile driver on steel pile (at 15m) 99 Hong Kong EPD (1989) Double scraper 92 Dobie (1993) Drill 87 NZ DOSH (2002), CDC (2005) Drop hammer pile driver on concrete pile (at 15m) 83 Hong Kong EPD (1989) Drop hammer pile driver on steel pile (at 15

40、m) 93 Hong Kong EPD (1989) Dump truck 78 Utley and Miller (1985) Electric grinder 98 NZ DOSH (2002) Excavator 80 Greenspan et al (1995), Utley and Miller (1985) Forklift 93 Utley and Miller (1985) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.46 2013 19 Tool Noise level will probably exceed Reference Framing saw 8

41、2 NIOSH (2011) Front end loader 90 Burgess and Lai (1999), Utley and Miller (1985) Generator at 15m 72 Alfredson and May (1978) Grader/scraper 107 Greenspan et al (1995) Grinder 87 Neitzel and Seixas (2004), NIOSH (2005) Hammer- type of hammer not provided in reference 85 CDC (2005), NZ DOSH (2002)

42、Hammer 89 Neitzel and Seixas (2004) Jackhammer 102 CDC (2005), Ren (1999), Alfredson and May (1978) Jigsaw 91 NZ DOSH (2002), Kerr et al (2002) Manlift equipment hoist 84 CDC (2005) Mechanical tamper 90 CDC (2005), Greenspan et al (1995) Mechanical tamper at 15m 90 Alfredson and May (1978) Mobile cr

43、ane type of crane not provided 78 Utley and Miller (1985) Motorized wheel barrow 86 CDC (2005) Nail gun 97 NZ DOSH (2002) Paver at 15m 86 Alfredson and May (1978) Pile driver at 15m 95 Alfredson and May (1978) Portable handheld band saw 83 Ren (1999) Portable welder- type not listed in reference 84

44、CDC (2005) Powder actuated tool 89 NZ DOSH (2002), Neitzel and Seixas (2004), Kerr et al (2002) Reciprocating saw 86 NIOSH (2005) Road grader 95 Dobie (1993) Rotohammer 84 NZ DOSH (2002), CDC (2005), Neitzel and Seixas (2004), Kerr et al (2002) Router 90 NZ DOSH (2002), Kerr et al (2002) Scraper 105

45、 Dobie (1993) Neitzel and Seixas (2004) Scraper at 15m 80 Alfredson and May (1978) Screw gun 86 Neitzel and Seixas (2004), Kerr et al (2002) Steam roller 85 Utley and Miller (1985) Steam roller 84 Kerr et al (2002) Stud welder 101 CDC (2005) Vibratory pile driver on steel pile (at 15m) 85 Hong Kong

46、EPD (1989) Welding equipment 92 Neitzel and Seixas (2004) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A10.46 2013 20 References: 1. Alfredson R, May D. Construction Site Noise. In: May D, editor. Handbook of Noise Assessment: Litton Educational Publishing; 1978. 2. Anonymous. “You and Your Avoidable Noise Induced He

47、aring Loss,“ Deafness Foundation (Victoria), Australia. 3. Anonymous. (1979). “Noise Hazard and Control,“ Env. Health Directorate, Health Protection Branch, National Health and Welfare, Canada. 4. Anonymous. (2000). “General Estimates of Work-Related Noises,“ National Inst. for Occup. Saf. and Healt

48、h, Publication DHHS(NIOSH) 2000-141, Cincinnati, OH. 5. Bragdon, C. R. (1971). Noise Pollution, the Unquiet Crisis, Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, Phila., PA 6. Burgess M, Lai J. Noise management for the building industry: current practices and strategies for improvement (condensed report). Canberra,

49、Australia: Acoustics and Vibration Unit, University of New South Wales Australian Defense Force Academy; October 1999. 7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Electronic Library of Construction Safety and Health website (viewed June 21, 2005): http:/www.elcosh.org/index.php 8. Department of Labor NZ. Noise levels created by common construction tools. New Zealand: Occupational Safety and Health Service, Department of Labor, New Zealand; 2002 November 2002. Report No.: 23. http:/www.osh.dol.govt.nz/order/catalogue/pdfs/