ANSI American Society of Safety Engineers Z590.3-2011 Prevention through Design Guidelines for Addressing Occupational Hazards and Risks in Design and Redesign Processes.pdf

1、AmericAn nAtionAl StAndArdANSI/ASSE Z590.3 2011 (R2016)Prevention through DesignGuidelines for Addressing Occupational Hazards and Risks in Design and Redesign ProcessesAmericAn Society of SAfety engineerS4Casselogo-1200dpi_vector-1c-outline.pdf 1 1/20/2012 1:31:55 PMANSI/ASSE Z590.3 2011 (R2016)ANS

2、I/ASSE Z590.3 2011 (R2016)The information and materials contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE), as secretariat of the ANSI Z590 Committee, or individual committee members accept no legal respons

3、ibility for the correctness or completeness of this material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the Z590.3 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property

4、. ANSI ANSI/ASSE Z590.3 2011 (R2016) American National Standard Prevention through Design Guidelines for Addressing Occupational Hazards and Risks in Design and Redesign Processes Secretariat American Society of Safety Engineers 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, Illinois 60068 Approved December 1

5、4, 2015 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of th

6、e ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted ef

7、fort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he/she has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not

8、conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstance give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in

9、 the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the

10、American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published Februa

11、ry, 2016 by American Society of Safety Engineers 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, Illinois 60068 (847) 699-2929 www.asse.org Copyright 2016 by American Society of Safety Engineers All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or

12、 otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America American National Standard FOREWORD This standard was developed to provide consistent procedures for addressing occupational hazards and risks in the design and redesign processes, and to repla

13、ce Technical Report ASSE TR-Z790.001 2009. In the late 1990s, the Advisory Committee of the Institute for Safety through Design at the National Safety Council concluded that significant benefits will be derived if decisions affecting safety, health and the environment are integrated into the early s

14、tages of the design and redesign processes. The benefits noted were: Significant reductions will be achieved in injuries, illnesses and damage to property and the environment, and their attendant costs. Productivity will be improved. Operating costs will be reduced. Expensive retrofitting to correct

15、 design shortcomings will be avoided. Developments since then have given additional importance and credence to management, design engineers and safety and health professionals having knowledge of the principles and practices applied in addressing occupational risks in the design and redesign process

16、es. For example, there has been a more frequent inclusion of provisions in safety standards and guidelines requiring that hazards and risks be addressed in the design and redesign processes. This standard is related to, and provides assistance in, fulfilling those requirements. Another development s

17、upports the need for this standard. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) held a workshop in July 2007 to obtain the views of a variety of stakeholders on a major National initiative to “create a sustainable national strategy for Prevention through Design.” Some participa

18、nts in that workshop expressed the view that the long-term impact of the NIOSH initiative could be “transformative,” meaning that a fundamental paradigm shift could occur resulting in greater emphasis being given to the higher and more effective decision levels in the hierarchy of controls. For this

19、 initiative, the NIOSH Mission is: To reduce the risk of occupationally related injuries, illnesses, fatalities and exposures by including prevention considerations in all designs that affect individuals in the occupational environment. This NIOSH initiative is based on its stated premise: “One of t

20、he best ways to prevent and control occupational injuries, illnesses and fatalities is to design out and minimize hazards and risks early in the design process.” Enthusiasm for additional knowledge of prevention through design principles and practices was significant. Several attendees at the worksh

21、op said that a guideline, regulation or standard is needed that sets forth the principles and the methodologies to address hazards and risks in the design and redesign processes. Technical Report Z790 temporarily addressed those needs. This standard refines, expands and replaces the content of the T

22、echnical Report. One of the most significant subjects discussed at the July 2007 workshop was the need to incorporate design concepts pertaining to occupational hazards and risks into academic curricula for all disciplines because of the recognition that few curricula include segments on addressing

23、hazards and risks in the design and redesign processes. This standard also is in concert with the stated intent of the American Society of Safety Engineers, in a Position Paper that was approved by the Board of Directors in 1994 to promote acquisition of knowledge of and application of “Designing Fo

24、r Safety” concepts. The opening paragraph of that Paper reads as follows. Designing for Safety (DFS) is a principle for design planning for new facilities, equipment, and operations (public and private) to conserve human and natural resources, and thereby protect people, property and the environment

25、. DFS advocates systematic process to ensure state-of-the-art engineering and management principles are used and incorporated into the design of facilities and overall operations to assure safety and health of workers, as well as protection of the environment and compliance with current codes and st

26、andards. In August 2007, the ASSE Engineering Practice Specialty group within the American Society of Safety Engineers published an article in a Special Issue of its Newsletter “By Design,” the title of which was “Prevention through Design: Addressing Occupational Risks in the Design and Redesign Pr

27、ocesses.” This article, by Fred A. Manuele, CSP, P.E., was also published in the October 2008 issue of Professional Safety. That article formed an early basis for the Z790.001-2009 technical report, and now this standard. On September 23, 2008, NIOSH held a “Kick-off meeting” with respect to its ini

28、tiative on Prevention through Design. One of the action items discussed was to: “Develop and approve a broad generic voluntary consensus standard on Prevention through Design that is aligned with international design activities and practice.” That gave impetus for ASSE to consider further immediate

29、action that resulted in the development of its Technical Report and this standard. The continuum of similar initiatives is also important as cited in the two references below. Namely, ANSI/AIHA Z10, the Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems standard sets a benchmark provision requiring t

30、hat processes be in place “to identify and take appropriate steps to prevent or otherwise control hazards and reduce risks associated with new processes or operations at the design stage.” Z10 also states that “The design review should consider all aspects including design, construction, operation,

31、maintenance, and decommissioning.” Several stakeholders have pointed out that Z10 states what needed to be done, but more information needs to be provided on how to meet its performance requirements. Secondly, the OSHA Alliance Construction Roundtable developed a video training program titled “Desig

32、n for Construction Safety” to reduce construction injuries by incorporating features in the design stage of a construction project that make a building or structure safer to build and maintain. On November 18, 2008, the ASSE Standards Development Committee discussed further developing the paper publ

33、ished by ASSE into a technical report or a standard. A decision was made by the committee to consider further immediate action that resulted in developing a Technical Report and then this standard Several standards and guidelines were used as references in the preparation of this standard. Particula

34、r note is made of the several versions of MIL-STD 882, the Department of Defense, Standard Practice for System Safety. Requirements in the standard are identified by the word “shall.” An organization that chooses to conform to this standard is expected to fulfill those “shall” requirements. Explanat

35、ory comments and recommended practices preceded by the word “Note” are informative and not requirements of the standard. Also, addenda are informative and are not normative requirements of the standard. Revisions: The Z590.3 Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this standard. Revisions are

36、made periodically (usually five years from the date of the standard) to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by experience gained from the application of the standard. Proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the relevant paragraph number(s), the propose

37、d wording, and the reason for the proposal. Pertinent documentation would enable the Z590.3 Committee to process the changes in a timelier manner. Interpretations: Upon a request in writing to the Secretariat, the Z590.3 Committee will render an interpretation of any part of the standard. The reques

38、t for interpretation should be clear, citing the relevant paragraph number(s) and phrased as a request for a clarification of a specific requirement. Oral interpretations are not provided. No one but ASSE is authorized to provide any interpretation of this standard. This standard is effective 90 day

39、s after the publishing of this standard. The committee recognizes that some period of time after the approval of this document is necessary for organizations, suppliers and users to develop new designs and/or modify existing standards or procedures in order to incorporate the new and/or revised requ

40、irements of this standard into their operations. The committee recommends that entities that choose to adopt this standard begin implementing the requirements within 12 months of the approval date. Approval: Neither ASSE nor the Z590.3 Committee approves, certifies, rates or endorses any item, const

41、ruction, proprietary device or activity. Committee Meetings: Persons wishing to attend a meeting of the Z590.3 Committee should contact the Secretariat for information. Standard Approval: This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the American National Standards Committee on P

42、revention through Design, Z590.3. Approval of the standard does not necessarily imply (nor is it required) that all Committee members voted for its approval. At the time this standard was approved, the Z590.3 Committee had the following members: Fred A Manuele, P.E., CSP, Chair Bruce W Main, P.E., C

43、SP, Vice Chair Timothy R. Fisher, CSP, CHMM, ARM, CPEA, Secretary Ovidiu Munteanu, Assistant Secretary Jennie Dalesandro, Administrative Technical Support Organization Represented Name of Representative Accident continuous action, operation, or a series of changes taking place in a definite manner;

44、the action of going forward. 3.15 Reasonably Foreseeable Misuse. The predictable use of facilities, equipment, or materials in a way not intended in the original design. 3.16 Redesign. A design activity that includes all retrofitting and altering activities affecting existing facilities, equipment,

45、technologies, materials, and processes, and the work methods. 3.17 Residual Risk. The risk remaining after risk reduction measures have been taken. 3.18 Risk. An estimate of the probability of a hazard-related incident or exposure occurring and the severity of harm or damage that could result. 3.19

46、Risk Assessment. A process that commences with hazard identification and analysis, through which the probable severity of harm or damage is established, followed by an estimate of the probability of the incident or exposure occurring, and concluding with a statement of risk (see Section 7). 3.20 Saf

47、ety. Freedom from unacceptable risk. 3.21 Severity. An estimate of the magnitude of harm or damage that could reasonably result from a hazard-related incident or exposure. 3.22 Supplier. Any entity that provides or makes available equipment, material, or professional services. 3.23 System. An integr

48、ated composite of people, products, and processes that provide a capability to satisfy a stated need or objective. 3.24 Tolerable. See Acceptable Risk. 3.25 Top Management. The person(s) who has responsibility for, and give direction to, an organization and bears the ultimate authority for defining

49、acceptable risk levels for the organization. ANSI/ASSE Z590.3 2011 (R2016) 14 3.26 Worst Conceivable Risk. The worst conceivable consequence from an incident that could occur, but probably will not occur, within the lifetime of the system. 3.27 Worst Credible Consequence. The worst credible consequence from an incident that has the potential to occur within the lifetime of the system. 4. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY 4.1 Top management shall provide leadership to institute and maintain a policy and effective processes for the design and redesign processes through which: