ANSI American Society of Safety Engineers Z88.10-2010 Respirator Fit testing Methods.pdf

1、By the ANSI/AIHA Z88.10 SubcommItteeA Publication by American Industrial Hygiene AssociationANSI/AIHA Z88.102010 Respirator Fit testing MethodsPlease note the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) is now the Secretariat of the Z88 ASC and holds the copyright to this standard.American Society o

2、f Safety Engineerswww.asse.orgASSECopyright AIHA For personal use only. Do not distribute.ANSI/AIHA Z88.102010American National Standard Respirator Fit Testing MethodsSecretariatAmerican Industrial Hygiene AssociationApproved: December 3, 2010American National Standards Institute, Inc.Copyright AIHA

3、 For personal use only. Do not distribute.Please note the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) is now the Secretariat of the Z88 ASC and holds the copyright to this standard.American Society of Safety Engineerswww.asse.orgAmericanNationalStandardApproval of an American National Standard requi

4、res verification by ANSI thatthe requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approvalhave been met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly andmaterially affe

5、cted interests. Substantial agreement means much more than asimple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be madetoward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their

6、 exis-tence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she hasapproved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, orusing products, processors, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill

7、 in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressedto t

8、he secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of thisstandard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or with-drawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this stan

9、-dard no later than five years from the date of approval. Purchasers ofAmerican National Standards may receive current information on all standardsby calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.Published byAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association2700 Prosperity Ave., Suite 250Fairfax

10、, VA 22031www.aiha.orgCopyright 2010 by the American Industrial Hygiene AssociationAll rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of Amer

11、ica.Stock No: SRPA10-423ISBN: 978-1-935082-24-8Copyright AIHA For personal use only. Do not distribute.ContentsPage Foreword .iii1 Scope and Purpose.11.1 Scope.11.2 Purpose 11.3 “SHOULD and SHALL” 11.4 Exceptions .12 Normative References.13 Definitions14 Fit Testing Rationale 25 Qualifications of Fi

12、t Test Operators .25.1 General Qualifications .25.2 Specific Qualifications for Fit Test Operators.26 General Considerations.36.1 Medical Evaluation.36.2 Training for Respirator Wearers .36.3 Interference Concerns .46.4 Frequency of Fit Tests46.5 Respirators Used for Fit Testing.46.6 Choosing the Re

13、spirator66.7 Test Requirements Common to All Fit Tests67 Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT) Methods.77.1 Generated Aerosol Quantitative Fit Test Procedure 77.2 Particle-counting Instrument Quantitative Fit Test Procedure87.3 Controlled Negative Pressure (CNP) Quantitative Fit Test Procedure 108 Qualitativ

14、e Fit Test (QLFT) Methods118.1 Isoamyl Acetate (banana oil) Fit Test.118.2 Sodium Saccharin Aerosol Fit Test138.3 Bitrex (denatonium benzoate) Solution Aerosol Fit Test 169 Fit Test Exercises.189.1 Duration of Fit Test Exercises 189.2 Required and Elective Exercises .189.3 Optional exercises .18Copy

15、right AIHA For personal use only. Do not distribute.10 Record Keeping.1910.1 Fit Test Records.1910.2 Equipment Records .1910.3 Training Records of Fit Test Operators 19Table 1 Required and Elective Fit Test Exercises .19Table 2 Exercise Description.20Annex A1 Evaluation Form for Respirator Fit Test

16、Operator.21Annex A2 Criteria for Evaluating New Fit Test Methods .22Annex B Future Research Areas 24Copyright AIHA For personal use only. Do not distribute.FOREWORD (This foreword is not part of the American National Standard/AIHA Z88.72010)The purpose of this standard is to provide clear and consis

17、tent guidance with regard to the respira-tor fit testing components of an effective respiratory protection program. The respirator fit test itself is simply one facet of fit testing. An effective program requires muchmore, including a qualified person to perform the fit test. This standard provides

18、guidance on exactlywhat knowledge and skills are necessary in order to perform as a qualified fit test operator.This standard contains information to aid program managers and fit test operators in preparing toperform a proper fit test. This includes guidance regarding potential interference from oth

19、er person-al protective equipment with the respirator, detailed information on respirators used for fit testing,selection of respirators prior to fit testing, and other considerations that must be met if the fit test isto be effective.A single fit test exercise protocol cannot model all workplace ac

20、tivities encountered by respiratorusers. Recognizing this, the standard provides flexibility regarding fit test exercise protocols.Exercises may be selected that are more representative of actual workplace activities, includingrepeated respirator donning. Annex A1 is informative and is not considere

21、d part of the standard. Annex A2 is mandatory for future inclusion of new fit test methodologies into this standard.Annex B is informative and is not considered part of the standard.Suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to theAmerican Industrial Hygiene As

22、sociation, 2700 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 250, Fairfax, VA 22031.iiiANSI/AIHA Z88.102010Copyright AIHA For personal use only. Do not distribute.ivANSI/AIHA Z88.102010This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited StandardsCommittee Z88 on Respiratory Protection. Cons

23、ensus was reached through a process involvingthe entire Z88 Committee in a series of reviews and in the final vote of approval. Committeeapproval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for itsapproval. At the time it approved this standard, the Z88 Committee had

24、the following members:James S. Johnson, PhD, CIH, QEP, ChairStephen C. Graham, CIH, CSP, Vice ChairMili Mavely, AStd, Secretariat RepresentativeOrganization Represented Name of Representative3M C. ColtonAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association M. SchmoldtAmerican Iron and Steel Institute P. Hernandez

25、American Society of Safety Engineers R. HarleyAmerican Welding Society S. HedrickBullard J. KingBWXT, Y-12 M. HaskewChemRisk, Inc. J. SahmelConsolidated Edison of New York G. SlintakInternational Association of Firefighters R. DuffyInternational Safety Equipment Association J. BirknerHealth Physics

26、Society S. PerleNational Fire Protection Association B. TeeleNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health R. Berry AnnNavy Environmental Health Center D. SpelceNuclear Regulatory Commission R. PedersonPeach Bottom Atomic Power Station E. GeeSafety Equipment America G. BerndtssonScott Health

27、and Safety M. LorkowskiUniversity of Cincinnati Medical Center R. McKayUniversity of Pittsburgh J. SchwerhaU.S. Department of Energy D. MarsickU.S. Department of Labor J. SteelnackU.S. Department of the Army S. Graham Wayne State University S. MingelaIndividual MembersC. BienD. BevisT. NelsonR. Metz

28、lerB. ReinertCopyright AIHA For personal use only. Do not distribute.vThe Z88.10 Subcommittee on Respirator Fit Testing Methods, which developed this standard, hadthe following members:Roy T. McKay, ChairJeff Weed, Co-ChairClifton Crutchfield, SecretaryRoland Berry AnnChing-tsen BienCraig ColtonLawr

29、ence GretzJohn HierbaumJeffrey HolcombJohn KingGeoff LauSteve MunsellTom NelsonDavid SpelceJohn SteelnackNote: Some members were added to or removed from the sub-committee at various times.ANSI/AIHA Z88.102010Copyright AIHA For personal use only. Do not distribute.Copyright AIHA For personal use onl

30、y. Do not distribute.1American National Standard forRespiratory Protection Respirator Use:Physical Qualifications for Personnel.ANSI/AIHAZ88.62006.3 Definitions3.1 Aerodynamic diameter: The diameter ofa unit density sphere having the samesettling velocity as the particle in question.3.2 Aerosol: Par

31、ticles, solid or liquid, sus-pended in air.3.3 Canister/cartridge: A container with afilter, sorbent, or catalyst, or combinationof these items, which removes specificcontaminants from the air passedthrough the container.3.4 Challenge agent: An aerosol, vapor, orgas used by the fit test method forde

32、tecting respirator leakage.3.5 Challenge pressure: The negative staticpressure established inside the respiratorfacepiece during a controlled negativepressure fit test.3.6 Facepiece: See tight-fitting respirator.3.7 Filter: A component used in respiratorsto remove aerosols from the inspired air.3.8

33、Fit factor: A numeric expression of howwell a tight-fitting respirator fits a wearerduring a quantitative fit test. It is the ratioof the measured challenge agent con-centration outside the respirator (Cout) toits concentration inside the respirator(Cin). (Fit factor = Cout/ Cin). 3.9 Fit test: The

34、use of a qualitative or quantitative protocol to evaluate sealing1 Scope and Purpose1.1 Scope. This standard provides guidanceon how to conduct fit testing of tight-fit-ting respirators and appropriate methodsto be used. Fit testing is only one ele-ment of a complete respiratory protectionprogram. E

35、xamples of complete respira-tory protection programs are defined inANSI Z88.2, 29 CFR 1910.134 (OSHA),etc.1.2 Purpose. This standard providesrequirements for conducting respirator fittesting and includes: qualifications for fit test operators specific fit test methods interpretation of fit test resu

36、lts record keeping methods to validate new fit testmethodsThe intent of fit testing is to evaluatesealing surface leakage. Other sourcesof leakage may contribute to the totalleakage detected.1.3 “SHOULD and SHALL.” The provisionsof this standard are mandatory in naturewhere the word “shall” is used

37、and advi-sory in nature where the word “should” isused.1.4 Exceptions. Users of this standardshould be aware that regulatory agenciesmay have requirements that are differentfrom this standard.2 Normative References American National Standard forRespiratory Protection ANSI/AIHA Z88.2.American Nationa

38、l Standard Respirator Fit Testing MethodsAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI Z88.102010Copyright AIHA For personal use only. Do not distribute.2surface leakage of a specific tight-fittingrespirator while worn by an individual. 3.10 Fit test method: A combination ofinstrumentation, technology, and proto-

39、cols used to conduct a respirator fit test.An accepted method may have morethan one accepted protocol.3.11 Fit test operator: A person qualified bytraining and experience with demonstrat-ed ability to properly perform qualitativeor quantitative fit tests and evaluate testresults.3.12 Fit test protoc

40、ol: Specific step-by stepinstructions for conducting a respirator fittest. 3.13 Qualitative fit test (QLFT): A pass/fail fittest included in this standard that relieson the subjects sensory response todetect a challenge agent.3.14 Quantitative fit test (QNFT): A fit testincluded in this standard tha

41、t uses aninstrument to measure faceseal leakage. 3.15 Required fit factor (RFF): The numericvalue established as a pass/fail point oracceptance criterion for a quantitative fittest.3.16 Respirator: A personal protective devicedesigned to protect the wearer from theinhalation of hazardous atmospheres

42、.3.17 Tight-fitting respirator: A respirator witha facepiece, hood or helmet that isdesigned to form a complete seal withthe face or neck. This includes a hood orhelmet with a neck seal (neck dam).3.18 User seal check: A procedure conduct-ed by the wearer to determine if a tight-fitting respirator i

43、s properly donned. 4 Fit Testing RationaleThe purpose of respirator fit testing is toverify that the selected make, model, andsize of a tight-fitting respirator adequatelyfits the wearer. This is accomplished sothere is reasonable assurance that thewearer has learned to don the respiratorproperly an

44、d can achieve the anticipatedprotection during use. Fit testing is a criti-cal component of a respirator trainingprogram.5 Qualifications of Fit Test Operators5.1 General Qualifications. Fit test opera-tors shall be properly trained and demon-strate a proficiency in the fit testmethod(s) being used.

45、 The respiratoryprotection program administrator isresponsible for evaluating and verifyingthe training and qualification of operators.Program administrators may wish to con-sider the benefits of formal training pro-grams from outside providers for fit testoperators. An evaluation form for fit testo

46、perators is in Annex A1. Continue train-ing fit test operators until all questions onthe form can be marked “acceptable” bythe evaluator. Determination of accept-ability for each item is left to the discre-tion of the respiratory protection programadministrator.5.2 Specific Qualifications for Fit Te

47、stOperators5.2.1 They shall be familiar with ANSI Z88.10along with the appropriate sections of therespiratory protection program concern-ing respirator fit testing, inspection,cleaning, maintenance, and storage.5.2.2 They shall demonstrate a general knowl-edge of respirators used by the wearer inthe

48、 workplace by:a. Identifying respirator componentsand their functions;b. Demonstrating respirator inspection,cleaning, and maintenance proce-dures;c. Identifying different make, model,style, and size respirators;d. Discussing respirator capabilities andlimitations as related to respirator fittesting

49、; and e. Demonstrating and evaluating properdonning and doffing proceduresincluding user seal checks.ANSI/AIHA Z88.102010Copyright AIHA For personal use only. Do not distribute.35.2.3 They shall demonstrate knowledge andapplication of the fit test method(s) beingused by:a. Explaining the purpose of respiratorfit testing;b. Explaining fit test procedures;c. Explaining the limitations of the fittest method;d. Identifying indications of erroneous fittest results (e.g., quantitative fit fac-tors that are unusually low or high);ande. Demonstrating k