1、 ANSI/ASABE S600 OCT2011 (R2016) Manually Handled Collapsible Reusable Plastic Containers for Handling of Fruits and Vegetables American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of engi
2、neering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, fa
3、rmstead equipment, structures, soil and water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational
4、 and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordinances, laws and
5、regulations. Prospective users are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revision approval d
6、ate. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI th
7、at the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement me
8、ans much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, procedures
9、 of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, hqasabe.org ANSI
10、/ASABE S600 OCT2011 (R2016) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1ANSI/ASABE S600 OCT2011 (R2016) Approved November 2011; reaffirmed January 2016 as an American National Standard Manually Handled Collapsible Reusable Plastic Containers for Handling of Fruits and Vegeta
11、bles Developed and approved by the ASABE Food and Processing Engineering Division. Approved as an ASABE standard October 2011; approved as an American Nation Standard November 2011; reaffirmed January 2016. Keywords: Box, Container, Design, Handling, Returnable, Reusable, RPC, Storage, Transportatio
12、n 1 Purpose This standard provides uniform design and performance specifications for a manually handled collapsible reusable plastic container for handling fresh horticultural produce during postharvest processing, storage and transportation. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents
13、 are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies unless noted. For undated references, the latest approved edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ASTM D880, Standard Test Method for Impact Testing for Shippi
14、ng Containers and Systems ASTM D996, Standard Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments ASTM D999, Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers ASTM D4003, Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems ASTM D4169,
15、 Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems ASTM D4728, Standard Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers ASTM D5276, Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall ASTM D5277, Standard Test Method for Performing Programm
16、ed Horizontal Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester ASTM D5487, Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines ASTM D6055, Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates ASTM D6179, Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling
17、 of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates ANSI/ASABE S600 OCT2011 (R2016) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 23 Definitions 3.1 See ASTM D996, Standard Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments, for additional definitions. 3.2 container: a n
18、on-specific term for a receptacle capable of maintaining many horticultural products together and protecting them from external forces 3.3 dimensions: in packaging, the measurements of length, width (or diameter), and depth or height of containers, expressed in that order; it should be stated as “in
19、side” or “outside” 3.4 dynamic load: an imposed force in motion; that is, one that may vary in magnitude, sense, and direction 3.5 face: in packaging, any one of the plane surfaces of a container 3.6 load: (1) the force in weight units applied to a body; (2) the weight of the contents of a container
20、 or transportation device; (3) a qualitative term denoting the contents of a container 3.7 loading: the act of placing a load on or in; to load a truck, a vessel, or a test specimen 3.8 pallet: horizontal platform device used as a base for assembling, storing, handling, and transporting materials an
21、d products in a unit load 3.9 palletized load: a load made up of articles, loose or in containers placed on pallets or skids 3.10 returnable container: a shipping container of any material designed to be used for more than one shipment 3.11 reusable container: a shipping container and storage contai
22、ner designed for reuse without impairment of its protective functions 3.12 shipping container: a container that is sufficiently strong to be used in commerce for packing, storing, and shipping commodities 3.13 reusable: intended to be used for its original purpose one or more times in an available p
23、rogram established by, but not limited to, manufacturers, distributors, or retailers 4 Dimensions 4.1 Outside dimensions are specified for length, width, and height. Collapsed container height is also specified. These dimensions shall not be exceeded by bulge or deflection from container loading or
24、by overfilling. 4.2 One rectangular cross section container is specified that gives a projected area (footprint) with the outside dimensions shown. Two collapsed container heights are specified. Five overall heights are specified. 4.2.1 The rectangular container shall have outside dimensions equal t
25、o 600 400 mm (23.62 15.75 in.). 4.2.2 The collapsed container height shall be 35.6 mm (1.40 in.) or 53.1 mm (2.09 in.). 4.2.3 The outside height shall be 127 mm (5.00 in.) or 182 mm (7.17 in.) or 203 mm (7.99 in.) or 268 mm (10.55 in.) or 310 mm (12.55 in.). ANSI/ASABE S600 OCT2011 (R2016) Copyright
26、 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 35 Capacity 5.1 Since overall outside dimensions are specified, inside dimensions will vary with construction materials, container design and inside depth. 5.2 Volume capacity shall be specified by the container manufacturer. 6 Materials 6.1
27、 Containers shall be constructed with food grade plastic. 6.2 Temperature range. The material shall withstand exposure to temperatures as low as -20C (-4F) and as high as 50C (122F) without appreciable loss in strength and 100C (212F) without change in other characteristics. 6.3 Radiation. The mater
28、ial shall pass specified performance tests, for the food grade plastic used, after specified exposure to sunlight (ultra-violet radiation. 6.4 Moisture. The material shall pass specified performance tests, for the food grade plastic used, after specified exposures to high humidity or free moisture.
29、6.5 Cleaning/sanitizing. The material shall be capable of being cleaned and/or sanitized by hot water, steam, chemical applications or other specified methods. 7 Design Features 7.1 The following paragraphs describe container characteristics which may be specified for specific applications. 7.1.1 Fo
30、od safety. Design features shall be incorporated to prevent accumulations of mildew, bacteria and fungi. Surfaces in contact with food shall be free of cracks, porosity and other conditions that prevent adequate cleaning and sanitation. 7.1.2 Safe handling. Worker safety shall be enhanced by using d
31、esigns that are without sharp edges, are free of protruding parts and have other features that minimize the chance of injury. 7.2 General design features. The following design characteristics shall be specified when applicable. 7.2.1 Design. The collapsible reusable plastic container shall be design
32、ed with four side faces and a bottom face as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Deployed reusable plastic container ANSI/ASABE S600 OCT2011 (R2016) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 47.2.2 Collapsible. The design shall enable the container to be modified from a set-up or d
33、eployed configuration (Figure 1) to a geometrically reduced configuration (Figure 2), after use, to promote efficient use of space during handling, transportation and storage of empty containers. Figure 2 Collapsed container 7.2.3 Reusable. The container shall have a life expectancy of 100 reuses or
34、 10 years, whichever is less. 7.3 Handling features. The following handling features shall be specified when applicable. 7.3.1 Handholds. Four handholds shall be in the design. They shall be located in the top center of each side face. The handholds shall have a minimum opening of 115 mm (4.5 in.) i
35、n length and 45 mm (1.75 in.) in height. The thickness shall be a minimum of 13 mm (0.50 in.). The edges shall have minimum radius of 6 mm (0.25 in.). See Figure 3. Figure 3 Handhold dimensions (mm) 7.3.2 Stacking. Containers shall be designed for secure stacking during handling, transit and storage
36、. The dimensions of the container permit placement of five containers on a standard pallet with horizontal dimensions of 1200 1000 mm (47.24 39.37 in.). The containers shall be placed three on one side and two on the other side, with the containers on the two sides oriented perpendicularly. The cont
37、ainers shall have stacking tabs and stacking receptacles that permit columnar and cross stacking as shown in Figures 4 and 5. ANSI/ASABE S600 OCT2011 (R2016) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5Figure 4 Columnar and cross stacking Figure 5 Stacking tabs and key slot
38、receptacles 7.3.2.1 Stacking tabs. Two different sets of stacking tabs are needed for secure stacking; there are stacking tabs used by a deployed and by a collapsed container. The deployed container shall have two stacking tabs on each side on the top surface of the long faces. The stacking tabs sha
39、ll be 117 mm (4.60 in.) from the corner of the container and 64 mm (2.52 in.) long. As shown in Figure 6, the collapsed container shall have four stacking tabs on each short side of the bottom face. The first stacking tab shall be 16.5 mm (0.70 in.) from the side and 37 mm (1.46 in.) long. The secon
40、d stacking tab shall be 117 mm (4.6 in.) from the side of the container and 65 mm (2.56 in.) long. The two other stacking tabs are placed with the same dimensions using the other side of the container. All of the stacking tabs shall be 2 mm (0.08 in.) from the exterior edge of the container. The hei
41、ght of the stacking tabs shall be of 7 mm (0.28 in.). The stacking tabs shall be tapered for easy placement. 7.3.2.2 Stacking slot receptacles. Stacking slot receptacles shall be located on the bottom face (Figure 6). The stacking slot receptacles are positioned along the four edges and on the surfa
42、ce. There are three stacking slot receptacles along the short edge, two short ones on each extremity and a long one in the center. The short stacking slot receptacles shall be 15.5 mm (0.61 in.) from the side and 71.5 mm (2.81 in.) long. The center stacking receptacle shall be 117 mm (4.61 in.) from
43、 the side and 166 mm (6.54 in.) long. The stacking slot receptacles of the short edge shall be tapered. There are four stacking slot receptacles along the long edge of the bottom face; the stacking slot receptacles are 65 mm (2.56 in.) long. The first stacking slot receptacle is at 17.5 mm (0.69 in.
44、) from the side, the second at 117 mm (4.61 in.). The two other stacking slot receptacles are placed with the same dimensions using the other side of the container. The stacking slot receptacles shall be 2 mm (0.08 in.) maximum from the edge. For cross stacking, two rows of four stacking slot recept
45、acles shall be designed on the bottom surface. To facilitate stacking the slot receptacles shall be tapered. The minimum length and width shall be of 62.5 mm (2.46 in.) and 20.5 mm (0.81 in.). The longest dimension (length) shall be parallel to the short side face. The center of the stacking slot re
46、ceptacle shall be placed at 200 mm (7.87 in.) from the short side and at 50 mm (1.97 in.) and 150 mm (5.91 in.) from the long side. ANSI/ASABE S600 OCT2011 (R2016) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 6Figure 6 Stacking tab and slot receptacle positions and dimensions
47、7.4 Openings. The container shall have openings on the bottom and all side faces, to provide uniform cooling or warming of the produce and to provide drainage of water during hydrocooling, drenching, icing, or any process involving water circulation. The side faces shall have slots with a width betw
48、een 3.4 and 4.7 mm (0.13 and 0.19 in.) and from 6.35 to 50 mm (0.25 to 1.97 in.) in length. The total opening area of each side face shall be between 8% and 25 % of its total face area to insure low air pressure drop across the container during heat and mass transfer processes, and to provide suffic
49、ient surface to mechanically support the produce without generating excessive localized pressure on the surface of the produce. The bottom face shall have slots (Figure 7) of 3.2 0.2 mm (0.13 0.01 in.) in width and from 6.35 mm (0.25 in.) to 40 mm (1.57 in.) in length covering between 3.5% and 6% of the bottom surface. All the slots shall be uniformly distributed on the faces. The interior edge of the slots (in contact with the produce) shall have a radius of 0.8 0.1 mm (0.031 0.0
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