1、 ANSI/ASABE S613-1 FEB2009 (R2013) Tractors and Self-Propelled Machinery for Agriculture Air Quality Systems for Cabs Terminology and Overview American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to adva
2、ncement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural fiel
3、d equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil and water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering, electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management. NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data ar
4、e informational and advisory only. Their use by anyone engaged in industry or trade is entirely voluntary. The ASABE assumes no responsibility for results attributable to the application of ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data. Conformity does not ensure compliance with applicable ordina
5、nces, laws and regulations. Prospective users are responsible for protecting themselves against liability for infringement of patents. ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data initially approved prior to the society name change in July of 2005 are designated as “ASAE“, regardless of the revi
6、sion approval date. Newly developed Standards, Engineering Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as “ASABE“. Standards designated as “ANSI“ are American National Standards as are all ISO adoptions published by ASABE. Adoption as an American National Standard requires verifica
7、tion by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substanti
8、al agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. CAUTION NOTICE: ASABE and ANSI standards may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additiona
9、lly, procedures of ASABE require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw each standard. Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. All rights reserved. ASABE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Ml 49085-9659, USA, phone 269-429-0300, fax 269-429-3852, h
10、qasabe.org ANSI/ASABE S613-1 FEB2009 (R2013) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASABE S613-1 FEB2009 (R2013) Approved February 2009; Reaffirmed January 2014 as an American National Standard Tractors and Self-Propelled Machinery for Agriculture Air Quality Syst
11、ems for Cabs Terminology and Overview Proposed by the ASABE Environment Within Ag Vehicle Enclosures subcommittee; approved by the Power and Machinery Division February 2009; approved as an American National Standard February 2009; reaffirmed by ASABE December 2013; reaffirmed by ANSI January 2014.
12、Keywords: Air quality, Cabs, Environment, Engineering control, Filters, HVAC, Procedures, Safety, Terminology, Test, Tractor, Ventilation 1 Scope This standard is intended for application to agricultural self propelled machinery including tractors as defined by ASABE Standard ASAE S390.4. It covers
13、terminology, definitions and an overview of how cabs may be used in contaminated environments as part of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System. 2 Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only t
14、he edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ASAE S390.4 JAN05, Definitions and Classifications of Agricultural Field Equipment. ISO 5353:1995, Earth moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture an
15、d forestry Seat index point ASABE/ISO 14269-1:1997, Tractors and self-propelled machines for agriculture and forestry Operator enclosure environment Part 1: Vocabulary ASABE/ISO 14269-5:1997, Tractors and self-propelled machinery for agriculture and forestry Cab environment Part 5: Pressurization sy
16、stem test method ANSI/AIHA Z10-2005, American Industrial Hygiene Association Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems 3 Terms(s) and Definition(s) For the purpose of this standard these definitions apply: 3.1 aerodynamic diameter: The diameter of a unit density sphere (i.e., density = 1.00
17、g/cm3) that would have the same settling velocity as the particle or aerosol in question. ANSI/ASABE S613-1 FEB2009 (R2013) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 3.2 aerosol: Small droplets of liquid or particles of solid matter suspended in air that are fine enough i
18、n size, 0.01-100 m, aerodynamic diameter to have a negligible falling velocity (generally considered to be less than 0.25 m/s) 3.3 air exchange rate: The number of times per unit of time the air in the cab is replaced. 3.4 air flow rate: The volumetric unit of air transfer expressed in volume per re
19、levant unit of time (m3/h). 3.5 air intake: The designated area or opening through which air enters the cab. 3.6 air filtration: Removal of contaminants from the air, forced or drawn into the operator enclosure by mechanical means 3.7 air purifying device: The assembly that lowers the contaminant co
20、ncentration in the air. Note, it can be a filter, sorbent, catalyst, a combination of these, or alternate technology capable of meeting the performance criteria. 3.8 air purifying efficiency: The ability of the air purifying system and/or device to remove contaminant matter 3.9 ambient conditions: E
21、nvironmental conditions surrounding the work vehicle. 3.10 breathing zone: The zone surrounding the operators face. Its center is located 660mm above the seat index point (SIP). 3.11 cab (operator enclosure): The part of the machine or tractor which forms a physical boundary between the space surrou
22、nding the operator and the outside environment. This boundary may comprise components such as the glass, roof and floor that completely surround the operator. 3.12 cab pressure: The pressure differential between the static pressure inside and outside the cab (ISO 14269 Part 5), (Pa.) 3.13 cab volume
23、: The interior free space volume of the cab without the operator present, (m3) 3.14 catalyst: A substance that increases the rate of reaction but does not become part of the reaction product. 3.15 challenge concentration: The unit of contaminant per unit of volume used to test the system/air purifyi
24、ng device. 3.16 contaminant: Any unwanted material. 3.17 dermal exposure: An exposure to a contaminant by skin contact 3.18 droplet: A small, generally spherical shaped body of predominantly liquid material. 3.19 dust: Any particulate material, capable of being suspended in air, formed from a finely
25、 divided solid. 3.20 efficiency: A ratio of contaminant removed by the air purifying system/device to the initial contaminant present in the air stream. 3.21 engineering control: A designed measure used to reduce risk where it cannot be eliminated 3.22 exposure assessment: An estimate of the future,
26、 upper limit on the operator exposure to an air contaminant. This estimate is based on: the upper 95% tolerance limit computed from past data, published exposure data, or mathematical models. Practically future exposures will be less than this value. Quantitative exposure measurements are the prefer
27、red means of assessing worker exposure per ANSI/AIHA Z10 and 29CFR1910.134. ANSI/ASABE S613-1 FEB2009 (R2013) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 3.23 filter: A subset of the air purifying device using a media to reduce the concentration of contaminants in the air p
28、assing through it. 3.24 filter capacity: The amount of dust or vapor that a filter is capable of removing from the influent air stream given a specific test condition. 3.25 floor mats: Coverings placed over the floor of the cab. 3.26 fumigant: A pesticide that vaporizes readily at atmospheric air te
29、mperatures and pressures. 3.27 gas: A state of matter in which the molecules are practically unrestricted by cohesive forces. A gas has neither shape nor volume. 3.28 HVAC system: Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning System. Functional grouping of mechanical air conditioning and air delivery c
30、omponents. 3.29 hazard ratio: The hazard ratio is the upper limit on the workers exposure divided by the occupational exposure limit. 3.30 hazard assessment: A review of the estimated worker exposures and the hazards posed by the contaminants to determine whether the engineering controls or PPE, a c
31、ombination of control measures and the organizations occupational health and safety program prevents adverse health outcomes attributed to the contaminants. 3.31 inhalation exposure: Exposure to contaminants through the normal breathing process. 3.32 intake air: Outside or ambient air brought into t
32、he cab through the HVAC system. 3.33 intake airflow: Volume of air per unit of time entering the cab from the outside (m3/h) as specified by the manufacturer. 3.34 interior materials: Those materials used in constructing, forming or covering various interior surfaces of the cab. 3.35 Internally gene
33、rated contaminant: Any contaminant which is introduced into the air stream by the components of the HVAC system 3.36 Leakage: A condition in which air passes through or around a boundary in an unintended manner 3.37 occupational exposure limit (OEL): An occupational exposure limit (OEL) is the expos
34、ure at which practically all workers will experience no adverse health outcomes due to exposure to an air contaminant. These exposures are recommended by private non-governmental organizations, non-regulatory agencies and regulatory agencies. Exposure limits enforced by regulatory agencies may consi
35、der both technical feasibility and health effects. Exposure limits developed by other organizations may only consider health effect. The manager of the occupational safety and health program should review the basis for the OEL, review the current literature, and make knowledgeable decisions. Some or
36、ganization will specify internal exposure limits that are less than published occupational exposure limits. 3.38 operator enclosure (cab): see “cab” 3.39 operator introduced contaminant: Contaminant that is introduced and/or generated into the cab by the operator, i.e., is carried on his hands, or o
37、n the footwear or clothing that is either worn or carried into the cab. 3.40 oral exposure: Exposure to contaminants by ingestion. 3.41 outside air filter: The filter in the intake airflow system which is designed to reduce the concentration of contaminant. 3.42 particulate filter: A device that low
38、ers the total particulate concentration in the air stream ANSI/ASABE S613-1 FEB2009 (R2013) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 3.43 particulate matter: Suspended contaminants or dust which are solid at atmospheric temperature and pressure. 3.44 personal protective
39、equipment (PPE): Device(s) worn by a person to reduce exposure to a risk that cannot be eliminated or controlled by other means. 3.45 pesticide: Any substance or mixture of substances that is registered to destroy, prevent, repel, or mitigate pests (insects, rodents, nematodes, fungi, or weeds) or t
40、hat is registered to function as a plant regulator, desiccant, or defoliant. Pesticides may have a toxic or nontoxic mode of action. 3.46 pesticide exposure: Any contact with a pesticide that may pose a health risk 3.47 pesticide label: Printed statement as required by regulators or governmental age
41、ncy policies, affixed to the pesticide container by the manufacturer listing the quantity of active and inert ingredients, directions for use (including the potential requirement for PPE) and precautions. 3.48 pressure drop (differential): The difference in static pressure measured at a specified po
42、int and a reference point (Pa). 3.49 pressurization: The process of creating positive pressure differential between the static pressure inside and outside the cab. 3.50 pressurization system: A collection of components (such as fans and ducts) which, when used together, bring outside air in to press
43、urize the cab. 3.51 recirculated airflow: The total volume rate of airflow passing through the heat exchanger less the outside air intake per a unit of time, (m3/h). 3.52 recirculation system: A provision to flow some portion of the air from the cab back through the air handling system. 3.53 reducti
44、on factor: The ratio between the aerosol concentrations outside and inside the cab. 3.54 relative humidity: Ratio of the vapor pressure of water in air divided by its saturation pressure at the same temperature. 3.55 seat index point, SIP: A reference point on the operators seat as defined by ISO 53
45、53. 3.56 service interval: Recommended length of time between regular maintenance periods as specified by the manufacturer. 3.57 sorbent: A general class of materials that remove gasses and vapors. 3.58 test agent: A chemical in the vapor or gas state used to test the air purifying device. 3.59 upho
46、lstery: Materials used to cover the seat and or other parts of the operator enclosure interior. 3.60 vapor: A substance which, though present in the gaseous phase, generally exists as a liquid or solid at room temperature. 3.61 vapor filter: A device that lowers the vapor concentration of a particul
47、ar substance in the air stream. 3.62 vapor pressure: The pressure exerted when a solid or liquid is in equilibrium with its own vapor. The vapor pressure is a function of the substance and of the temperature. 3.63 volatile material: Material that vaporizes readily at ambient air temperatures. 3.64 v
48、olatility: The relative tendency of a material to change physical state from liquid or solid to a vapor as the temperature rises. ANSI/ASABE S613-1 FEB2009 (R2013) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5 4 Operator Enclosures as Part of an Occupational Health and Safety
49、 Management System (OHSMS) Many self-propelled agriculture vehicles have operator enclosures (cabs) for comfort and protection of the operator and riders. The cab can provide an effective physical barrier between the occupants and the environment, but that barrier must, by necessity of occupant respiration, allow air to enter and exhaust the cab. This requirement is met by the cabs heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. The HVAC system should employ a filter through which air entering the cab is first p
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