ANSI ASHRAE 140-2014 Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Computer Programs.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 140-1-2014Standard Method of Test for the Evaluation of Building Energy Analysis Computer ProgramsANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2014Standard Method of Testfor the Evaluation ofBuilding Energy AnalysisComputer ProgramsSee Informative Annex C for approval dates.This standard is und

2、er continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Com-mittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely,documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the st

3、andard. The change submittal form, instructions, anddeadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the SeniorManager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org)or from AS

4、HRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission,go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2014 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336Inclu

5、des Web-based access to normative and informativeelectronic supplemental files.ASHRAE 1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.orgProduct code: 86725 12/14About ASHRAEASHRAE, founded in 1894, is a global society advancing human well-being through sustainable technology for the builtenviron

6、ment. The Society and its members focus on building systems, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, refrigeration,and sustainability. Through research, standards writing, publishing, certification and continuing education, ASHRAEshapes tomorrows built environment today.For more information or to bec

7、ome a member of ASHRAE, visit www.ashrae.org.To stay current with this and other ASHRAE standards and guidelines, visit www.ashrae.org/standards.Visit the ASHRAE BookstoreASHRAE offers its standards and guidelines in print, as immediately downloadable PDFs, on CD-ROM, and via ASHRAEDigital Collectio

8、ns, which provides online access with automatic updates as well as historical versions of publications.Selected standards are also offered in redline versions that indicate the changes made between the active standard andits previous version. For more information, visit the Standards and Guidelines

9、section of the ASHRAE Bookstore atwww.ashrae.org/bookstore.IMPORTANT NOTICES ABOUTTHIS STANDARDTo ensure that you have all of the approved addenda, errata, and interpretations for thisstandard, visit www.ashrae.org/standards to download them free of charge.Addenda, errata, and interpretations for AS

10、HRAE standards and guidelines are nolonger distributed with copies of the standards and guidelines. ASHRAE providesthese addenda, errata, and interpretations only in electronic form to promotemore sustainable use of resources.POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAES CONCERNFORTHE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF IT

11、S ACTIVITIESASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAEsmembers will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems andcomponents in their responsibility while maximizing the

12、 beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with acceptedstandards and the practical state of the art.ASHRAEs short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the indoor andoutdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards a

13、nd guidelines as established by itself and otherresponsible bodies.As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical committee structure,continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote those newand re

14、vised standards developed by other responsible organizations.Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design considerations as the material issystematically revised.ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its pri

15、mary interest and will seekout and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards andguidelines.The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the systemsintended use and expecte

16、d misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.ASHRAEs primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAEs scopeoperates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energy

17、transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made byits members.SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American N

18、ational Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Conse

19、nsus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national

20、 and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not b

21、e ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participati

22、on in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andac

23、cepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be no

24、nhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing

25、 proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking

26、of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 140CognizantTC:TC 4.7, Energy CalculationsSPLS Liaison: Charles S. BarnabyJoel Neymark, Chair Ronald D. Judkoff* Amir Roth*Drury B

27、. Crawley* David E. Knebel* Eric Sturm*Philip W. Fairey, III Timothy P. McDowell* Michael J. Witte*Kamel Haddad* James F. Pegues*Tianzhen Hong* Simon J. Rees* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20142015Richard L. Hall, Chair Jam

28、es W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraDouglass T. Reindl, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJoseph R. Anderson Patricia T. Graef Heather L. PlattJames D. Aswegan Rita M. Harrold Peter SimmondsCharles S. Barnaby Adam W. Hinge Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Srinivas Katipamula Jack

29、H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Debra H. Kennoy Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Malcolm D. Knight Bjarne W. Olesen, CODavid R. Conover Rick A. LarsonJohn F. Dunlap Arsen K. MelkovStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of StandardsCONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2014,Standard Method of Test for the E

30、valuation of Building Energy Analysis Computer ProgramsSECTION PAGEForeword .41 Purpose .72 Scope.73 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms .73.1 Terms Defined for This Standard73.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in This Standard .104 Methods of Testing134.1 General.134.2 Applicability of Test Me

31、thod134.3 Organization of Test Cases 134.4 Comparing Output to Other Results .155 Class I Test Procedures 175.1 Modeling Approach.175.2 Input Specifications for Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests.185.2.1 Case 600: Base Case .185.2.2 Basic Tests225.2.3 In-Depth Tests.275.2.4 Ground-Coupl

32、ed Slab-on-Grade Analytical Verification Tests 325.3 Input Specification for Space-Cooling Equipment Performance Tests.435.3.1 Case CE100: Base Case Building and Mechanical System for Analytical Verification Tests .435.3.2 Space-Cooling Equipment Performance Parameter Variation Analytical Verificati

33、on Tests.575.3.3 Case CE300: Comparative Test Base Case Building and Mechanical System . 595.3.4 Space-Cooling Equipment Performance Comparative Tests735.4 Input Specification for Space-Heating Equipment Performance Tests.795.4.1 Case HE100: Base Case Building and Mechanical Systems795.4.2 Space-Hea

34、ting Equipment Performance Analytical Verification Tests835.4.3 Space-Heating Equipment Performance Comparative Tests846 Class I Output Requirements.856.1 Reporting Results .856.2 Output Requirements for Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load andGround-Coupled Slab-on-Grade Tests of Section 5.285

35、6.3 Output Requirements for Space-Cooling Equipment Performance Tests of Section 5.3 .886.4 Output Requirements for Space-Heating Equipment Performance Tests of Section 5.4.90CONTENTS (Continued)SECTION PAGE7 Class II Test Procedures .917.1 Modeling Approach.917.2 Input Specifications.917.2.1 The Ba

36、se Case Building (Case L100A).917.2.2 Tier 1 Test Cases947.2.3 Tier 2 Test Cases988 Class II Output Requirements1668.1 Reporting Results .1668.2 Output Requirements for Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests of Section 7.2.166Normative AnnexesAnnex A1 Weather Data.168Annex A2 Standard Outpu

37、t Reports.186Informative AnnexesAnnex B1 Tabular Summary of Test Cases .194Annex B2 About Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) Weather Data 204Annex B3 Infiltration and Fan Adjustments for Altitude 205Annex B4 Exterior Combined Radiative and Convective Surface Coefficients 207Annex B5 Infrared Portion

38、of Film Coefficients.208Annex B6 Incident Angle-Dependent Window Optical Property Calculations 210Annex B7 Detailed Calculation of Solar Fractions213Annex B8 Example Results for Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load andGround-Coupled Slab-on-Grade Tests of Section 5.2.218Annex B9 Diagnosing the

39、Results Using the Flow Diagrams.226Annex B10 Instructions for Working with Results Spreadsheets Provided with the Standard .236Annex B11 Production of Example Results for Building Thermal Envelope andFabric Load and Ground-Coupled Slab-on-Grade Tests of Section 5.2242Annex B12 Temperature Bin Conver

40、sion Program247Annex B13 COP Degradation Factor (CDF) as a Function of Part-Load Ratio (PLR) .248Annex B14 Cooling Coil Bypass Factor .251Annex B15 Indoor Fan Data Equivalence 254Annex B16 Analytical and Quasi-Analytical Solution Results and Example Simulation Resultsfor HVAC Equipment Performance T

41、ests of Sections 5.3 and 5.4.255Annex B17 Production of Analytical and Quasi-Analytical Solution Results and Example SimulationResults for HVAC Equipment Performance Tests of Sections 5.3 and 5.4263CONTENTS (Continued)SECTION PAGEAnnex B18 Alternative Section 7 Ground Coupling Analysis Case Descript

42、ionsfor Developing Additional Example Results for Cases L302B, L304B, L322B and L324B275Annex B19 Distribution of Solar Radiation in the Section 7 Passive Solar Base Case (P100A)279Annex B20 Example Results for Section 7 Test Procedures 281Annex B21 Production of Example Results for Section 7 Test P

43、rocedures.285Annex B22 Example Procedures for Developing Acceptance-Range Criteria for Section 7 Test Cases.286Annex B23 Validation Methodologies and Other Research Relevant to Standard 140289Annex B24 Informative References296Annex C Addenda Description Information 300NOTEApproved addenda, errata,

44、or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2014 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air

45、-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.(This foreword is not part of the standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI re

46、quirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis standard method of test (SMOT) was developed to identifyand diagnose di

47、fferences in predictions from whole-buildingenergy simulation software that may be caused by algorithmicdifferences, modeling limitations, faulty coding, input errors, orinadequate documentation. These tests are part of an overallvalidation methodology described in Informative Annex B23.The procedur

48、es test software over a broad range of parametricinteractions and for a number of different output types, thusminimizing the concealment of algorithmic differences by com-pensating errors. Different building energy simulation pro-grams, representing different degrees of modeling complexity,can be te

49、sted. However, some of the tests may be incompatiblewith some building energy simulation programs.The tests are a subset of all the possible tests that couldoccur. A large amount of effort has gone into establishing asequence of tests that examines many of the physical andmathematical models relevant to simulating the energy perfor-mance of a building and its mechanical equipment. However,because building energy simulation software operates in animmense parameter space, it is not practical to test every com-bination of parameters over every possible range of f