ANSI ASHRAE 158.2-2011 Methods of Testing Capacity of Refrigerant Pressure Regulators《制冷剂压力调节器试验功能方法》.pdf

1、ASHRAE STANDARDANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.2-2011(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.2-2006)Methods of Testing Capacity of Refrigerant Pressure RegulatorsApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 25, 2011; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors onJune 29, 2011; and by the American National Standard

2、s Institute on June 30, 2011. ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard numberis the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be pur-chased on the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE

3、Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle,NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400(worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions. 2011 American Society of Heating, Refri

4、gerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ISSN 1041-2336American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under

5、the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached bydirectly and

6、 materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with thisstandard is voluntary until

7、and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose

8、 of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectC

9、ommittees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERAS

10、HRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed,

11、 or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by of

12、fering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is det

13、ermined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 158.

14、2Cognizant TC: TC 8.8, Refrigerant System Controls and AccessoriesSPLS Liaison: Nadar R. Jayaraman*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationRobert A. Jones, Chair*Dennis A. Littwin*W. Vance Payne*Don Schuster*Duane A. Wolf*ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20102011Step

15、hanie C. Reiniche, Manager of StandardsH. Michael Newman, Chair Krishnan Gowri Janice C. PetersonCarol E. Marriott, Vice-Chair Maureen Grasso Douglas T. ReindlDouglass S. Abramson Cecily M. Grzywacz Boggarm S. SettyKarim Amrane Richard L. Hall James R. TaubyRobert G. Baker Nadar R. Jayaraman James K

16、. VallortHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Byron W. Jones William F. WalterSteven F. Bruning Jay A. Kohler Michael W. WoodfordKenneth W. Cooper Frank Myers Craig P. WrayMartin Dieryckx Hugh F. Crowther, BOD ExOAllan B. Fraser William P. Bahnfleth, CO American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

17、 Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.2-2011,Methods of Testing Capacity of Refrigerant Pressure Regul

18、atorsSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions and Symbols. 24 Instrumentation. 35 General Piping Specifications. 36 Data to be Reported . 47 Test Conditions. 48 Test Procedure . 49 Incompressible Flow Regime Capacity Calculations 610 Compressible Flow Regime Capacity Calculations 6

19、11 Choked Flow Regime Capacity Calculations 612 References . 6Informative Annex A: Example Tables, Graphs, and Data Sheets. 7Informative Annex B: Example of Computation to Express Regulator Capacity in Terms of Refrigerating Effect 12NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard

20、 can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2011 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Cond

21、itioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.2-2011(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merel

22、yinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material ar

23、e notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.) FOREWORDThis standard was written at the request of the Air-Con-ditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) toprovide a standard method of test for the capacity of refrig-erant pressure regulators. AHRI Standard 770, RefrigerantPressure

24、 Regulating Valves, requires that this standard beused as a method of test for capacity. AHRI will continue tomaintain Standard 770 as it relates to standard methods ofrating refrigerant service pressure regulators. Standard 770may also include information concerning other refrigerantpressure regula

25、tor performance characteristics.The basis for the method of testing and calculation ofcapacity for flow through regulators is a research project(PRF 5233) performed at the Ray W. Herrick Laboratories,Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, and sponsored byAHRI. This research followed a study performe

26、d at HerrickLaboratories, under AHRI auspices, by R.T. McKenzie,J.B. Chaddock, and W.E. Fontaine between September 1963and September 1966.This standard provides a means of accurately measuringthe refrigerant mass flow capacity of regulators. The flowcapacity may be expressed in terms of refrigeratin

27、g effectwith various refrigerants by performing simple thermody-namic computations. Examples of the computations neces-sary to express regulator capacity in kW (tons) or otherappropriate units are included in Informative Annex B of thisstandard for the users convenience.1. PURPOSEThis standard provi

28、des methods of determining the massflow capacity of refrigerant pressure regulators with sufficientaccuracy to facilitate proper engineering application of thedevice in systems operating at various conditions with variousrefrigerants bya. prescribing a method of measuring key flow and gradientcharac

29、teristics of refrigerant pressure regulators using airor water as the working fluid andb. prescribing computational means to enable reliable pre-diction of refrigerant vapor and liquid mass flow capac-ity based on the measured flow and gradientcharacteristics. 2. SCOPE2.1 This standard applies to re

30、frigerant pressure regulatorsthat meet the definition found in Section 3 and that areintended for refrigerant service in applications where onlysingle-phase flow occurs within the regulator.2.2 This standard is applicable to refrigerant pressure regu-lators in the following circumstances:a. for use

31、in either liquid or vapor refrigerant applicationsand b. for use with refrigerants deemed suitable according toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15, Safety Standard for Refrig-eration Systems1and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34, Des-ignation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants.22.3 This standard specifies procedur

32、es, apparatus, andinstrumentation that will produce capacity and gradient infor-mation with sufficient accuracy to support the proper applica-tion of the tested regulator.2.4 This standard does not do the following:a. specify rating conditions or electrical or mechanicaldesign requirements (rating c

33、onditions may be found inAHRI Standard 770, Refrigerant Pressure RegulatingValves3),b. make recommendations for safety, or c. specify tests for production, specification compliance,or field testing of regulators.3. DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS3.1 Definitionscapacity: the mass flow rate of a selected refr

34、igerant that willpass through the regulator at specified conditions.certified standard instrument: an instrument calibrated by themanufacturer or other reliable agency and certified traceableto National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST).controlled parameter: as used in this standard, thi

35、s term refersto the system pressure that is regulated by the regulator undertest.controlled parameter change (CPC): the difference betweenthe setpoint and the regulated pressure when the regulator isoperating at a specified capacity.4(See Figure A-1 in Informa-tive Annex A.)direct-operated pressure

36、regulator: a throttling valve of anysize that responds directly to changes in its regulated pressure.A change in regulated pressure (CPC) provides all the worknecessary to position the closure member of the valve.flowmeter: a device for determining the mass flow ratethrough the regulator under test.

37、gradient: the change in regulated pressure (controlled param-eter) required to cause the closure member of a refrigerantpressure regulator to move from its opening point (setpoint) toa specified flow capacity.4pilot-operated pressure regulator: a relatively large throttlingvalve in which a smaller d

38、irect-operated pressure regulator(i.e., a pressure pilot) senses and responds to changes in theregulated pressure by producing a pressure that is intermediatebetween the large valves inlet and outlet pressures. The inter-mediate pressure is applied to an area (i.e., a piston or a American Society of

39、 Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 158.2-2011 3diaphragm) within th

40、e large valve, producing a force that posi-tions its closure member in the valve port. Pressure loss due toflow through the large valve port provides all of the workrequired to position its closure member. A small flow throughthe pressure pilot parallels the flow path of the main valve port.Some pil

41、ot-operated devices may have very low gradients.4refrigerant pressure regulator: a two-way (i.e., one inlet andone outlet) throttling valve that modulates in response tochanges in the regulated pressure (controlled parameter) itcontrols and is suitable for use with any of the refrigerantsdesignated

42、in Section 2.2(b) of this standard. It is self-powered; i.e., all the work required to operate the valve isderived from pressure changes or differences within thesystem immediately surrounding it. It may be either pilot oper-ated or directly operated.4differential pressure regulator (DPR): a regulat

43、or thatopens or closes in response to a change in the differencebetween its inlet and outlet pressures.outlet pressure regulator (OPR): A regulator that opensor closes in response to a change in its outlet or down-stream pressure.inlet pressure regulator (IPR): a regulator that opens orcloses in res

44、ponse to a change in its inlet or upstream pres-sure.regulator closure member: the movable part of a regulatorthat is repositioned to change the effective flow area of theregulator port.regulated pressure: the pressure within a system that iscontrolled by the throttling action of a pressure regulato

45、r. Alsoreferred to as the controlled parameter.setpoint: the regulated pressure at which the regulator beginsto open and permit a minimum consistently measurable flowrate. For upstream pressure regulators, it is the rising inletpressure that causes the regulator to begin to open. For down-stream reg

46、ulators, it is the declining outlet pressure, and fordifferential pressure regulators, it is the increasing differencebetween inlet and outlet pressures.4(See Figure A-1 in Infor-mative Annex A.)shall and should, recommended, or it is recommended shallbe interpreted as follows:shall or shall not are

47、 used to indicate provisions that aremandatory if compliance with the standard is claimed.should, recommended, or it is recommended are used toindicate provisions that are not mandatory but that aredesirable as good practice.single-phase flow: a condition in which the fluid flowingwithin the system

48、is either 100% vapor or 100% liquid. Minorfractions (less than 2% of mass flow) of liquid lubricants flow-ing in the vapor portions of refrigerant systems may beneglected with respect to capacity measurements.3.2 Abbreviations, Acronyms, and SymbolsCPC = controlled parameter changew = mass flow rate

49、 = working fluid density entering regulator under testP = pressure drop across regulator under test, i.e., P1 P2P = absolute pressureAR = acoustic ratio, i.e., P/P1k k = specific heat ratio of the working fluids = characteristic flow geometry coefficient of the valveunder testSubscriptsR refers to the application or end-use fluid (refrigerant)and/or conditionsT refers to test fluid and/or condition1 refers to conditions at the inlet of the regulator undertest2 refers to conditions at the outlet of the regulatorunder test4. INSTRUMENTATION4.1 General. Instruments shall have the