ANSI ASHRAE 26-2010 Mechanical Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Installations Aboard Ship《船上机械制冷和空调装置》.pdf

1、ASHRAE STANDARDANSI/ASHRAE Standard 26-2010(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 26-1996 RA 2006)Mechanical Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Installations Aboard ShipApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 26, 2010; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors onJune 30, 2010; and by the American Nation

2、al Standards Institute on July 1, 2010. ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard numberis the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be pur-chased on the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or fr

3、om ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle,NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400(worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions. Copyright 2010 American Socie

4、ty of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ISSN 1041-2336American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20092010Steven T. Bushby, ChairH. Michael Newman, Vice-ChairDo

5、uglass S. AbramsonRobert G. BakerMichael F. BedaHoy R. Bohanon, Jr.Kenneth W. CooperK. William DeanMartin DieryckxAllan B. FraserNadar R. JayaramanByron W. JonesJay A. KohlerCarol E. MarriottMerle F. McBrideFrank MyersJanice C. PetersonDouglas T. ReindlLawrence J. SchoenBoggarm S. SettyBodh R. Subhe

6、rwalJames R. TaubyJames K. VallortWilliam F. WalterMichael W. WoodfordCraig P. WrayWayne R. Reedy, BOD ExOThomas E. Watson, COStephanie Reiniche, Manager of StandardsSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the Ameri

7、canSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached bydirectly and materially affected inte

8、rest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with thisstandard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisd

9、iction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard.

10、 The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees. The Manager of

11、 Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best effort

12、s to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordanc

13、e with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method o

14、f testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for t

15、hem,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 26Cognizant TC: TC 9

16、.3, Transportation and Air Conditioning, and TC 10.6, Transport RefrigerationSPLS Liaison: Thomas W. Dekleva*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationA. Bruce Badger, Chair* Roy Hunger Bleiberg*Ross H. Albright* David C. Bowman*M. Kent Anderson William J. Hannet

17、t*Benjamin A. Bailey* William V. Richards* American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written pe

18、rmission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 26-2010Mechanical Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Installations Aboard ShipSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions. 24 General Shipboard Design Condition . 55 Refrigerants, Classification, and Application 66 Compressors 87 Pressure Vessels

19、and Heat Exchangers 98 Piping 109 Evaporators and Cooling Coils . 1310 Installation. 1511 Spare Parts and Tools 1512 Operating Instruction Manual 20References . 21NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashra

20、e.org/technology. Copyright 2010 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use o

21、nly. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 26-2010(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conf

22、ormance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDThis

23、 is a revision of Standard 26-1996 (RA 2006). Thisstandard was prepared under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engi-neers (ASHRAE). It may be used, in whole or in part, by anassociation or government agency with due credit toASHRAE. Adherence is stri

24、ctly on a voluntary basis andmerely in the interests of obtaining uniform standardsthroughout the industry. The changes made for the 2010 revision were: References were updated.Standards referenced in the body of the standard wereupdated to be consistent with the references section.Other minor edito

25、rial corrections were made.1. PURPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to provide the minimumgeneral requirements for the design, construction, installation,operation, inspection, and maintenance of mechanical refrig-erating and air-conditioning equipment aboard ship to permitthe safe, efficient, and

26、reliable operation of such systems.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard coversa. refrigerating and air-conditioning systems that are anintegral part of the main mechanical plant of merchant,fishing, and seafood-processing ships andb. refrigerated seawater and brine-chilling systems that aircondition and dehumi

27、dify passenger and cargo spaces,chill or freeze perishable cargoes, or maintain storage ofchilled or frozen cargo.2.2 This standard does not covera. details of system designs or applications;b. small, self-contained units that are not an integral part ofthe ships main mechanical plant, such as elect

28、ric watercoolers, reach-in refrigerators, and room air conditioners;c. cargo containers with self-contained refrigerating sys-tems; ord. liquefied gas ships.2.3 Exceptions to the literal details of this standard may beused when approved by the authorities having jurisdictionwhen equivalent safety, e

29、fficiency, and reliability areachieved.3. DEFINITIONSDefinitions given below are compiled for the purpose ofclarifying this standard only.accessible: easy to approach for service or use.aft: toward the stern of the ship.air conditioning: in enclosed spaces, the combined treatmentof the air to contro

30、l, as specified, temperature, relative humid-ity, velocity of motion, and radiant heat energy level, withconsideration of the need for removal of airborne particles andcontaminant gases. Some air conditioners may not accomplishall of these controls and are selected for their capability tocontrol spe

31、cific phases of air treatment.Air conditioning is applied on board ships for passenger andcrew accommodations.ambient air temperature: when used in connection withmachinery, temperature of air in the engine room or refriger-ation machinery compartment surrounding such machinery.When used in connecti

32、on with refrigerated compartments,temperature of the surrounding air outside the ship or in adja-cent spaces.approved: acceptable by the authorities having jurisdiction,such as the Classification Society, U.S. Coast Guard, U.S.Department of Transportation, and Maritime Administration.auxiliary machi

33、nery space: a compartment assigned tomachinery, generally other than main propulsion equipment.azeotrope: a mixture of liquids whose vapor and liquid phasesin equilibrium have identical compositions (the boiling pointis constant).brine: a secondary coolant that is a solution of salt and water.brine

34、chiller: a colloquial term for a heat exchanger used torefrigerate a secondary coolant.brine, electrolytic: any brine capable of causing chemicaldecomposition of one of two dissimilar metals by electrolysisor galvanic corrosion.bypass: a pipe or duct, usually controlled by valve or damper,for convey

35、ing a fluid around an element of a system.capacity of refrigerating system: the cooling effect producedby the change in enthalpy between the refrigerant liquid enter-ing the expansion valve and the vapor leaving the evaporator,generally measured in Btu per hour (kW or tons of refrigera-tion).cargo,

36、chilled: cargo maintained at an assigned temperatureabove its freezing point.cargo, frozen: cargo maintained at an assigned temperaturebelow its freezing point.cargo, refrigerated: cargo maintained at an assigned temper-ature by means of mechanical refrigeration.classification society: an agency tha

37、t, when requested by theships owner or authorized design agent, will carry out surveysto ensure compliance with the agencys rules for machinery American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distributi

38、on, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 26-2010 3and insulation related to carrying refrigerated cargo. Exam-ples include American Bureau of Shipping, Lloyds Registerof Shipping, etc. The agency will then cert

39、ify the vessel as suit-able for carrying refrigerated cargo and will publish this in theagencys Registry or Record.coil, cooling: a coil of pipe or tube, not enclosed in a pressurevessel, that can be used with either refrigerant or secondarycoolant.coil, evaporator: an evaporator constructed of pipe

40、 or tube, notenclosed in a pressure vessel.coil, expansion: a coil used in the direct refrigeration partment: an enclosed subdivision within the ship (corre-sponding to a room).compressor: a machine used to elevate the pressure of refrig-erant pressor, centrifugal: a nonpositive-displacementcompress

41、or that depends, in part, on centrifugal forces forpressure pressor, reciprocating: a positive-displacement compres-sor that changes the internal volume of the compression cham-ber(s) by the reciprocating motion of one or more pressor, rotary: a positive-displacement compressor inwhich the change in

42、 internal volume of the compression cham-ber is accomplished by the rotary motion of a positive-displacement member(s).compressor, screw: a positive-displacement rotary compres-sor that produces compression with two intermeshing helicalrotors.condenser: a heat exchanger that liquefies vapor by remov

43、alof heat.condenser, receiver: a water-cooled condenser with the tubesor pipes grouped in the upper portion of the shell, leaving thelower section of the shell for use as a receiver.condenser, water-cooled: a condenser that removes the heat ofthe refrigerant by water flowing inside condensing surfac

44、es.cooler: a thermally insulated enclosure kept at a reducedtemperature by refrigeration.cooler, brine: a heat exchanger for cooling brine with an evap-orating refrigerant.cooler, oil: a heat exchanger that can be cooled by air, brine,water, or refrigerant vaporization, to cool oil in a lubrications

45、ystem.cooler, unit: an assembly of cooling coils with drain pan, fan,and enclosure.corrosion: rusting or deterioration of a substance (usually ametal) because of a reaction to its environment.defrosting: the process of removing unwanted ice or frostfrom a surface.dehydrator: a device for removing mo

46、isture from refrigerantor other substances.design pressure: the maximum pressure for which a part of therefrigerating system has been designed.DIM: abbreviation for distributed isolation material. Pads cutfrom sheets of this material, usually cross-ribbed oil-resistantneoprene, placed between the de

47、ck and mounting surfaces ofa heavy machine to isolate vibration.direct drive: driver and driven equipment with positiveconnections for rotation at the same speed.efficiency: the ratio of the energy output to the energy input ofa process or a machine.engine room: a compartment containing the ships pr

48、opulsionmachinery and auxiliaries.environmental conditions: natural or controlled conditions ofair and radiation prevailing around a person, an object, asubstance, etc.evaporator: that part of a refrigeration system in which therefrigerant evaporates by absorbing heat from the contactingfluid.filter

49、: a device for separating dirt and other solid matter fromrefrigerant, oil, or air.fin: a thin piece of metal attached to a pipe, tubing, or othersurface to increase the heat transfer area.fore: toward the bow end of the ship.fore and aft: along the centerline from bow to stern or parallelto the centerline.freezer: an insulated room kept below 32F (0C) or anydevice for freezing perishables.gage glass: a device for showing the liquid level.heat exchanger: a device to transfer heat between two phys-ically separated fluids.high-pressure