ANSI ASHRAE 63.1-1995 Method of Testing Liquid Line Refrigerant Driers《液体管路制冷剂干燥器的试验方法》.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 63.1-1995 (RA 2001)Method of TestingLiquid LineRefrigerant DriersApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee June 24,1995, and reaffirmed January 27, 2001. Approved by theASHRAE Board of Directors June 29, 1995, and reaffirmedFebruary 1, 2001. Approved by the American NationalSta

2、ndards Institute November 15, 1995, and reaffirmedJanuary 10, 2002.ASHRAE Standards are updated on a five-year cycle; thedate following the standard number is the year of ASHRAEBoard of Directors approval. The latest copies may bepurchased from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 TullieCircle, NE, Atlanta

3、, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for or-ders in U.S. and Canada).Copyright 2001 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ISSN 1041-2336When addenda or interpretations to

4、this standard havebeen approved, they can be downloaded free of chargefrom the ASHRAE Home Page at www.ashrae.org/STAN-DARDS/ addenda.htm or www.ashrae.org/STANDARDS/intpstd.htm.AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING,REFRIGERATING ANDAIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329SPECI

5、AL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a

6、 member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reachedby directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarilyunanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considere

7、d, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and p

8、ublicreview.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. TheProject Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAEmembers, all must be technically qualified in th

9、e subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interestson all Project Committees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive

10、 criticism for improving the Standard,d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe p

11、ractices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely volunt

12、ary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall bemade, either stated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in

13、light of availableinformation and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety orperformance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standardsor Guidelines or that any tests conducted under it

14、s Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2000-2001Martha J. Hewett, ChairNance C. Lovvorn, Vice-ChairDean S. BorgesVan D. BaxterWaller S. ClementsPiotr A. DomanskiRichard A. EvansJohn F. HoganRonald E. JarnaginDavid E. KnebelFrederick H. KohlossWill

15、iam J. LandmanRodney H. LewisRoss D. MontgomeryDavor NovoselJoseph A. PietschJames A. RanfoneMichael TavaresSteven T. TaylorJames K. VallortThomas E. WatsonBruce A. WilcoxJ. Richard WrightGerald C. Groff, BOD ExOWilliam J. Buck, COClaire B. Ramspeck, Manager of StandardsASHRAE Standard Project Commi

16、ttee 63.1-1995 (RA 2001) Cognizant TC: TC 3.3, Contaminant Control in Refrigerating SystemsJames Robert Bouril, Chair* Christopher M. Powers*Richard E. Cawley* Shelvin Rosen*James J. Melfi*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationlkqbkqpANSI/ASHRAE Standard 63.1

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20、KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKS American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital

21、form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 63.1-1995 (RA 2001)NK mromlpb=The purpose of this standard is to prescribe test methodsfor determining flow capacity and water capacity performancecharacteristics of liquid line refrigerant driers. OK plmb=OKN This

22、 standard applies only to those driers that employ adesiccant. OKO A desiccants performance varies with respect to its acti-vation. The water capacity test method prescribed in this stan-dard can be used to test a drier either “as received“ or afterbeing reactivated in accordance with the manufactur

23、ers rec-ommendations. OKP This standard applies only to liquid line driers for use insystems employing halocarbon refrigerants that have anatmospheric boiling point below 20C (68F). OKQ This standard does not attempt to reflect the completeperformance of a drier. Specifically, the following topics a

24、renot considered:a. the physical characteristics of the desiccants,b. the chemical characteristics of the desiccants,c. the mechanism of water adsorption,d. the filtration ability of a drier,e. the acid adsorption of a drier,f. the performance of a drier in other than a liquid line,g. the speed of d

25、rying,h. the drier water capacity needed in relation to the sizeof a system, potential freeze-up problems, or potentialchemical activity problems, ori. the effect of oil on a driers performance. OKR This standard defines methods of testing but does notspecify the standard rating conditions for tempe

26、rature, equi-librium point dryness, pressure drop, etc. ARI Standard 7107is suggested as a reference for these values. PK abcfkfqflkpdesiccant: a solid that will collect and hold water from aliquid or gas. It must be insoluble in the refrigerating mediumto be used in refrigerant driers.drier: a devi

27、ce containing desiccant(s). It is used in theliquid line of a refrigerant system for the primary purpose ofcollecting and holding water that may have entered thesystem.equilibrium point dryness (EPD): the water content of aliquid refrigerant after being in contact with a specific drier ata particula

28、r temperature long enough to reach an equilibriumstate. EPD is expressed in milligrams of water per kilogram ofrefrigerant (PPM).pressure drop: the difference in refrigerant pressurebetween the drier inlet and the drier outlet, expressed in kilo-pascals (or pounds per square inch).flow capacity: the

29、 flow rate of the specified refrigerantthrough the drier when subjected to the specified pressuredrop. Flow capacity is expressed as the kilograms per second(or pounds per minute) of refrigerant flow at 43C (110F)liquid temperature. water capacity: the mass of water a drier will collect andhold in e

30、quilibrium with a specified refrigerant at a given tem-perature and a specified EPD. The value may be expressed ingrams or drops of water, based on 20 drops per gram.QK pqkaoa=qbpq=jbqela=clo=abqbojfkfkd=qeb=cilt=mfqv=lc=aofbopQKN Principles of Flow Capacity Testing. The purpose ofthis test is to ac

31、curately determine mass flow rate when aspecified refrigerant is flowing through the drier at a specifiedpressure drop. The test is performed with clean refrigerantand a new, uncontaminated drier. It should be noted that inactual use the flow capacity may be less, depending on thedegree of contamina

32、tion. Performing such a test on a refrig-erating system involves numerous experimental difficulties;therefore, liquid-pumped test loops, such as diagrammed inFigure 1, have been developed.QKO Equipment. The apparatus required for flow capacitytesting is shown in Figure 1. The requirements and limita

33、tionsof the equipment are described herein.QKOKN Lines and Arrangement. The line sizes usedthrough the system may be any convenient size so that thecapacity of the system can be varied over a wide range of flowrates to accommodate testing of driers of many sizes. How-ever, the lines connected to the

34、 drier should be the same sizeas the test drier fittings and should be straight for a distance ofat least 15 inside tube diameters upstream and 15 inside tubediameters downstream of the test drier.QKOKO Pump. The pump shall be such that it will producesteady-state, nonpulsing flow in an amount suffi

35、cient to main-tain at least 20 kPa (3psi) pressure drop across the drier beingtested or sufficient to meet the requirements of 4.3.QKOKP Heat Exchanger. A heat exchanger may be requiredto maintain steady refrigerant temperature in the range of25C to 45C (77F to 113F).QKOKQ Flowmeter. Any generally a

36、ccepted type of flow-meter may be used, such as an orifice meter, venturi meter,rotameter, or positive displacement meter, provided that theFigure 1 Schematic diagramliquid pump test loop. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal

37、use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 63.1-1995 (RA 2001) 3meter is of such construction and installed in such a way thatit does not create undue turbulence or di

38、sturb the steady-stateflow in the system. Because the meter used is a very vital partof the apparatus, it shall be calibrated to ensure that any errorin indicated flow is less than 5%.QKOKR Manometer. The pressure drop across the test driershall be measured by a mercury manometer or other meanswith

39、a maximum error of 0.3 kPa (0.05 psi) or less. Themanometer reading shall be corrected for the effect of therefrigerant column on top of the mercury. The pressure tapsshall be located at least 2 inside tube diameters upstream ofthe drier and 10 inside tube diameters downstream of thedrier. Burr-free

40、 holes with a 2 mm (0.06 in.) diameter shallbe used for pressure taps, except in 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) orless diameter tube where 1 mm (0.03 in.) diameter holesshall be used.QKOKS Sight Glass. A sight glass shall be installed on thedownstream side of the test drier so a visual check can bemade to ensure

41、 that no flash gas is present in the refrigerant.QKOKT Temperature Indicator. An indicator shall beinstalled to measure the refrigerant temperature at the down-stream side of the test drier and pressure tap. The type ofinstrument, its calibration, and its installation shall be such asto ensure that

42、any error in indicated temperature is less that2C (3F).QKOKU Flow Control Valve. Means shall be provided tomanually adjust the flow rate through the test drier so thatpressure drop can be set at various values in the range from50% to 150% of the specified pressure drop.QKP Test Procedure. Install th

43、e test drier, adjacent lines, andpressure taps with the above limitations. Charge the systemwith an adequate amount of the specified refrigerant. Removethe noncondensable gases (air) from the system. Circulate therefrigerant through the loop. Adjust the flow control valve togive at least five differ

44、ent operating conditions between 50%and 150% of the specified pressure drop. Record the flow rateand pressure drop data for at least five different steady-stateoperating conditions.QKQ Handling of Flow Capacity Test DataQKQKN Correct the observed flow rate data for instrumentcalibration, and convert

45、 to kilograms per second (pounds perminute) units.QKQKO Correct the observed pressure drop for the effect ofthe refrigerant column above the mercury, and convert to kilo-pascal (or pounds per square inch) units. Correct the flow ratefor the difference in liquid refrigerant density between themeasure

46、d temperature and 43C (110F) using the relation-ship that the mass rate of flow for constant pressure drop isproportional to the square root of the liquid refrigerant den-sity.QKQKP Plot a point for each of the several operating condi-tions recorded for a particular test drier on a log-log graph off

47、low rate vs. pressure drop. Interpolate between these pointsto determine the flow capacity of this particular drier at thespecified pressure drop.QKR Extension of Data. Experience has proved that it is per-missible to extrapolate flow capacity data experimentallydetermined for one refrigerant to the

48、 other common refriger-ants by means of simple calculations based on the relationshipthat the mass rate of flow for constant pressure drop is propor-tional to the square root of the liquid refrigerant density.1,2RK pqkaoa=qbpq=jbqela=clo=abqbojfkfkd=qeb=tqbo=mfqv=lc=aofbopRKN Principles of Water Cap

49、acity Testing. The testmethod prescribed in this standard involves adding a knownamount of water to the test drier, passing refrigerant throughthis drier at a very slow rate while keeping the drier at a fixedtemperature, and then determining the EPD of the effluentrefrigerant by gravimetric analysis in a phosphorus pentoxidedrying train. It has been demonstrated that at the slow flowrate spe