ANSI ASHRAE ACCA 183-2007 Peak Cooling and Heating Load Calculations in Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings《低层住宅建筑除外的建筑物最高冷热负荷计算的极值》.pdf

1、ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183-2007 (RA 2011)(Reaffirmation of ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183-2007)Peak Cooling and Heating Load Calculations in Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential BuildingsApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 27, 2007, and reaffirmed January 29, 2011; bythe ASHRAE

2、Board of Directors on March 2, 2007, and reaffirmed February 2, 2011; by Air Conditioning Con-tractors of America on March 5, 2007, and reaffirmed October 6, 2010; and by the American National Stan-dards Institute on March 6, 2007, and reaffirmed February 3, 2011. ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to b

3、e updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard numberis the year of ASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be pur-chased on the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle,NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305.

4、E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400(worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions. 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., and Air Conditioni

5、ng Contractors of AmericaASHRAE/ACCA STANDARDAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.orgCopyright ASHRAE Provided by IHS under license with ASHRAE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without

6、license from IHS-,-,-SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (A

7、NSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached bydirectly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.Consensus requires that all views a

8、nd objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with thisstandard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, a

9、ssociated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be

10、technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standa

11、rd,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However,

12、 ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE

13、 INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipme

14、nt, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no

15、 claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 183Cognizant TC: TC 4.1, Load Calculation Data and ProceduresSPLS Liaison: Ross D. Montgomery*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationC

16、hristopher K. Wilkins, Chair* Patricia E. Jones*Phil D. Forner, Vice Chair* Curtis O. PedersenConstantinos A. Balaras* James F. Pegues*Steven F. Bruning* Henry T. Rutkowski*Terry L. Cornell* John Sedine*Robert C. Doeffinger, Jr.* Jonathan C. Spreeman*Glenn Friedman* Arunkumar T. Vedhathiri*ASHRAE ST

17、ANDARDS COMMITTEE 20102011Stephanie Reiniche, Manager of StandardsH. Michael Newman, Chair Allan B. Fraser Janice C. PetersonCarol E. Marriott, Vice-Chair Krishnan Gowri Douglas T. ReindlDouglass S. Abramson Maureen Grasso Boggarm S. SettyKarim Amrane Cecily M. Grzywacz James R. TaubyRobert G. Baker

18、 Richard L. Hall James K. VallortHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Nadar R. Jayaraman William F. WalterSteven F. Bruning Byron W. Jones Michael W. WoodfordKenneth W. Cooper Jay A. Kohler Craig P. WrayMartin Dieryckx Frank Myers Hugh F. Crowther, BOD ExOWilliam P. Bahnfleth, COCopyright ASHRAE Provided by IHS unde

19、r license with ASHRAE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183-2007 (RA 2011),Peak Cooling and Heating Load Calculations in Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential BuildingsSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 De

20、finitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms 24 Compliance. 35 Weather Data and Indoor Design Conditions . 36 Cooling Load Method . 47 External Heat Gains . 48 Internal Heat Gains. 49 Heating Load 410 System Cooling and Heating Loads . 4Informative Appendix A: Choice of Methods. 5Informative Appendix B: R

21、ecommended ASHRAE/ACCA Compliance Form for Standard 183-2007 . 6NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2011 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, In

22、c.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted

23、without ASHRAEs prior written permission.Copyright ASHRAE Provided by IHS under license with ASHRAE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-2 ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183-2007 (RA 2011)(This foreword is not a part of this standard. It is merelyinformative

24、and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered

25、the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDStandard 183 was created in a collaborative effortbetween ASHRAE and ACCA, the Air Conditioning Contrac-tors of America. It establishes minimum requirements forperforming peak cooling and heating load calculations forbuildings except low-rise residentia

26、l buildings. Althoughthere are many methods available to perform peak coolingand heating load calculations, the intent of this standard isto establish a minimum level of requirements that is as inclu-sive of as many methods as possible while still being restric-tive enough to mandate an appropriate

27、level of care andaccuracy. An accurate estimate of peak cooling or heatingload requires not only that a sound method be used but alsothat inputs to the method are reasonable and realistic (theexecution of the method). The heat transfer interactions that occur outside andinside a conditioned building

28、 are complex and involve manyinterrelated variables. All load calculation methods there-fore involve some level of simplification of the actual interac-tions among these variables to allow practical solutions tothese very complex problems. The requirements in this stan-dard that relate to the load c

29、alculation method are technicalto the extent that they address these simplifications of thefundamental heat transfer interactions. If a method oversim-plifies the problem, then an inaccurate load estimate canresult. Complying with this standard requires knowledge ofthe underlying principles of the m

30、ethods used and the tech-niques that these methods use to address the fundamentalheat transfer interactions.There is a distinction in this standard between zone loadand system load. This standard is intended to address thecalculation of zone load, but it is impossible to completelydecouple the syste

31、m load or capacity calculation from thezone load calculation. Systems and the processes to calcu-late their loads or capacities vary dramatically. Someaspects of the overall approach to systems are included inthis standard, but the standard is not intended to be a com-prehensive or detailed discussi

32、on of how to calculate systemloads. Users of this standard are cautioned not to confusezone heat gain with system sizing.This is a reaffirmation of Standard 183-2007. This stan-dard was prepared under the auspices of the American Soci-ety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-ConditioningEngineers (ASHR

33、AE). It may be used, in whole or in part, byan association or government agency with due credit toASHRAE. Adherence is strictly on a voluntary basis andmerely in the interests of obtaining uniform standardsthroughout the industry. The changes made for the 2011 reaffirmation were: The reference to th

34、e ASHRAE Handbook was updated“Appendix” was changed to “Informative Appendix” 1. PURPOSEThis standard establishes requirements for performingpeak cooling and heating load calculations for buildingsexcept low-rise residential buildings.2. SCOPEThis standard sets minimum requirements for methodsand pr

35、ocedures used to perform peak cooling and heating loadcalculations for buildings except low-rise residential buildings.3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS3.1 Terms Defined in this Standardbeam solar: the component of solar radiation received fromthe sun without being scattered by the atmosph

36、ere or reflectedby other surfaces.building location: for purposes of load calculation, the build-ings latitude and longitude or the country, state, and city. convective heat gain: the portion of a heat gain that is trans-ferred by convection to air inside a building. cooling load: a general term use

37、d to refer to the sensible andlatent cooling load of a zone or an HVAC system.diffuse solar: the component of solar radiation composed ofthe sky diffuse and ground diffuse solar flux. design conditions: for outdoor conditions, the air tempera-ture, humidity, and solar flux values used to calculate c

38、oolingand heating loads. For indoor conditions, the air temperatureand/or humidity requirements for a zone or a building.diversity: adjustments to internal heat gains made to accountfor the fact that the instantaneous heat output of all load-producing items (i.e., occupants, lighting, appliances, de

39、vices,equipment) is normally less than the maximum output for thesame set of items. The instantaneous load is discounted forfactors such as on-off cycles, occupancy schedules, dutycycles, and reduced power input.fenestration: windows, skylights, and doors. Fenestration istypically composed of multip

40、le components or assemblies,such as framing, glazing, dividers, and mullions.flux: energy flow rate per unit surface area.ground diffuse solar: the component of solar radiationreceived after being reflected by ground surfaces surroundinga building. heat gain: the rate at which heat enters a surface,

41、 an airstream,or a zone. Heat gain is classified by its mode (convective orradiant) and by whether it is a sensible or latent gain. The radi-ant portion of heat gain becomes cooling load by a conversion American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org).

42、 For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.Copyright ASHRAE Provided by IHS under license with ASHRAE Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fr

43、om IHS-,-,-ANSI/ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 183-2007 (RA 2011) 3process over time that causes a delay between the time the heatgain occurs and the time the heat is converted to cooling load.heating load: for zones, the rate at which heat must be addedto maintain indoor design conditions. For systems, the r

44、ate atwhich heat must be added to a transport fluid (air, water) tomaintain indoor design conditions.incident solar flux: the beam, sky diffuse, and ground diffusesolar flux received by fenestration and opaque buildingsurfaces. infiltration: the flow of outdoor air into a building throughcracks and

45、other unintentional openings and through normaluse of exterior doors for entrance and egress.internal equipment: equipment that is located in the zone orbuilding and that generates heat (e.g., computers, copymachines, laboratory equipment, kitchen equipment, motors,factory machinery).internal heat g

46、ain: heat that is generated from sources that arewithin the zone (e.g., people, lights, equipment).latent cooling load: for zones, the rate at which moisture mustbe removed from the zone to maintain indoor design humidity.For systems, the rate at which heat is removed at a cooling coilor dehumidifyi

47、ng device in order to condense or remove mois-ture from the supply airstream or dehumidified space.latent heat gain: an energy gain to a zone that occurs whenmoisture is added to the air in the zone. load factor: the ratio of actual power use to rated or nameplatepower for equipment. For example, eq

48、uipment with a name-plate rating of 250 W may have a peak measured power of180 W. In this example, an internal heat gain of 180 W shouldbe used rather than 250 W for load calculations.low-rise residential: single-family houses, multi-family struc-tures of three stories or fewer above grade, and manu

49、facturedhouses, which includes both mobile homes and modularhomes.method: a procedure used to calculate the cooling or heatingload of a zone or building. Load calculation methods thatcomply with this standard include, but are not limited to:the cooling load temperature difference/cooling loadfactor (CLTD/CLF) family of methods,total equivalent temperature difference/time averag-ing (TETD/TA) methods,transfer function methods (TFMs),radiant time series (RTS) methods, an