1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B16.49-2012(Revision of ASME B16.49-2007)Factory-Made, Wrought Steel, Buttwelding Induction Bends for Transportation and Distribution SystemsASME B16.49-2012(Revision of ASME B16.49-2007)Factory-Made,Wrought Steel,Buttwelding InductionBends forTransportation andDist
2、ribution SystemsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: February 11, 2013The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2017.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Per
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6、 Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had a
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8、on, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable lett
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11、tions by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2013 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY
12、 OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vCorrespondence With the B16 Committee viSummary of Changes vii1 Scope and Definitions . 12 Pressure Ratings 23 Size 24 Marking 25 Material 46 Material for Bends Containing Welds . 47 Chemical Compositi
13、on . 58 Material Properties 59 Heat Treatment 810 Qualification Bend. 811 Test Requirements. 812 Dimensional Requirements . 913 Inspection of Production Bends 1014 Certification. 10SR15 Supplementary Requirements 10Figures1 Bend Dimensional Terms . 32 Test Specimen Locations and Orientations Longitu
14、dinal Seam 63 Test Specimen Locations and Orientations Helical Seam 74 Measurement of Bend Angle and Out-of-Squareness 11Tables1 Tensile Properties 42 Maximum Limits of Chemical Elements That May Be Used . 43 Limits on Essential Variables . 8Mandatory AppendixI References . 13Nonmandatory Appendices
15、A Quality System Program . 14B Induction Bend Data Sheet . 15iiiFOREWORDIn 1993, members of the ASME B31.8 Code for Pressure Piping, Gas Transmission andDistribution Piping Systems committee approached the B16 committee to develop a standardthat covers pipeline bends produced by the induction bendin
16、g process.Subcommittee F reviewed the request and identified that no current specification covered thisproduct to the satisfaction of the users. It was also determined that this Standard would needto be more performance-based than most other B16 standards, which are normally productstandards with se
17、t dimensional requirements.At the 1994 meeting of Subcommittee F, the project to develop a standard was accepted.Through the cooperation of producers and users familiar with the process, and with approvalby the Standards Committee and ASME, ASME B16.49-2000 received approval as an AmericanNational S
18、tandard on April 25, 2000.In 2005, the committee undertook a general review of this document. Based on the usage ofthis Standard over the last 5 years, a number of revisions, clarifications, and additions weredetermined to be needed to make the document more user friendly. Some requirements weredrop
19、ped, revised, and clarified to reflect the desires of the users and manufacturers. The referencedata were updated and the interpretation section was removed from the Standard. These revisionswere incorporated into the B16.49-2007 edition.In 2012, the committee reviewed this document and made revisio
20、ns to requirements in hardnesstesting and updated the references found in Mandatory Appendix I.This revision was approved by the American National Standards Institute on October 22, 2012.ivASME B16 COMMITTEEStandardization of Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Gaskets(The following is the roster of the
21、Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSW. B. Bedesem, ChairG. A. Jolly, Vice ChairC. E. OBrien, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELA. Appleton, Alloy Stainless Products Co., Inc.R. W. Barnes, ANRIC Enterprises, Inc.W. B. Bedesem, ConsultantR. M. Bojarczuk,
22、 ExxonMobil Research however, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committee priorto being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconside
23、ration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, p
24、roprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The B16 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings, whichare open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary ofthe B16 Standards Committee.viASME B16.49-2012SUMMARY OF CHANGESFollowing approval by t
25、he ASME B16 Committee and ASME, and after public review,ASME B16.49-2012 was approved by the American National Standards Institute onOctober 22, 2012.ASME B16.49-2012 includes the following changes identified by a margin note, (12).Page Location Change4 Table 1 (1) Under Maximum Hardness, “HB”revise
26、d to “HBW”(2) Note (1) revised5 8.3 Revised8 Table 3 Entry for “Induction heating power”deleted13 Mandatory Appendix I UpdatedviiINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKviiiASME B16.49-2012FACTORY-MADE, WROUGHT STEEL, BUTTWELDINGINDUCTION BENDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANDDISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS1.1 Ge
27、neralThisStandard coversdesign, material,manufacturing,testing, marking, and inspection requirements forfactory-made pipeline bends of carbon steel materialshaving controlled chemistry and mechanical properties,produced by the induction bending process, with orwithout tangents. This Standard covers
28、induction bendsfor transportation and distribution piping applications(e.g., ASME B31.4 and B31.8). Process and power pipinghave differing requirements and materials that may notbe appropriate for the restrictions and examinationsdescribed herein and, therefore, are not included in thisStandard.1.2
29、Manufacturing ProcessThis process utilizes induction heating to heat a nar-row band 360 deg around a pipe or cylinder at thepoint of bending as the pipe or cylinder is being pushedthrough the inductor coil at a constant velocity. Afterthe material passes through the coil, it may be cooledby forced a
30、ir or water spray, or it may be allowed tocool in still air. Bends in any producible wall thicknessand diameter are covered. Induction bends covered bythis Standard may be produced from seamless pipe,welded pipe, or cylinders.1.3 Fabricated BendsLarger angle bends obtained by girth welding two ormor
31、e smaller angle bends together are considered pipefabrications and as such, are not within the scope of thisStandard.1.4 Standard UnitsThe values stated in either metric units orU.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately asstandard. Within the text, Customary values are shownin parentheses.
32、The values stated in each system are notexact equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from twosystems may result in nonconformance with theStandard.1.5 ReferencesStandards and specifications adopted by reference inthis Standard are shown in Mandat
33、ory Appendix I. It1is not practical to identify the specific edition of eachstandard and specification in the individual references.Instead, the specific edition reference is identified inMandatory Appendix I. A product made in conformancewith a prior edition of reference standards and in allother r
34、espects conforming to this Standard will be con-sidered to be in compliance.1.6 Codes and RegulationsA bend used under the jurisdiction of a referencingcode or governmental regulation is subject to any limita-tion of that code or regulation. This includes any maxi-mum temperature limitation or rule
35、governing the useof a material at low temperature.1.7 Service ConditionsCriteria for selection of bend material for a particularfluid service are not within the scope of this Standard.1.8 ConventionFor determining conformance with this Standard, theconvention for fixing significant digits where limi
36、ts,maximum and minimum values, are specified shall beas defined in ASTM Practice E29. This requires that anobserved or calculated value be rounded off to the near-est unit in the last right-hand digit used for expressingthe limit. Decimal values and tolerance do not imply aparticular method of measu
37、rement.1.9 Quality SystemsRequirements relating to the manufacturers qualitysystem programs are described in NonmandatoryAppendix A.1.10 Glossarybend qualification procedure: a document that specifies theproperties of the starting pipe; the equipment to be used;the bending parameters; the qualificat
38、ion bend testresults; and the postbend, heat-treat equipment andcycle used for the manufacture of the bends. If nonde-structive testing of the bend is required, procedures thathave not been approved previously shall be submitted.cylinder: ajointofpipeproducedbyarollingandweldingplate, as opposed to
39、a joint of pipe produced in accor-dance with a recognized specification.ASME B16.49-2012extrados: the outside arc of the bend.intrados: the inside arc of the bend.minimum (design) wall thickness: the wall thickness speci-fied or computed in accordance with the piping codeas the minimum acceptable fo
40、r the temperature andpressure application.nominal (design) wall thickness: the wall thickness speci-fied on the order or marked on the bend.ovality, %: (O.D. max. O.D. min.)/(O.D. nom) H11547 100,where O.D. is a linear measurement of the maximum,minimum, or nominal outside diameter.qualification ben
41、d: a bend segment that is produced andtested and is used to qualify the bending procedure.transition zone: the area, at the tangent points of a bend,that covers the change (transition) from unheated toheated material.NOTE: The terms “bender” and “manufacturer” are used inter-changeably in this Stand
42、ard.1.11 Ordering InformationThe purchaser shall be responsible to specify all theordering information necessary to purchase the neededbends. Examples of such information include, but arenot limited to, the following:(a) quantity(b) description of bend and nominal dimensions (i.e.,size, bend radius,
43、 wall thickness, bend angle, tangentlengths, etc.)(c) steel composition by grade(d) seamless or welded(e) specification number (including year)(f) supplementary requirements from section SR15(g) additional requirementsNonmandatory Appendix B is provided as one possi-ble guideline for providing the r
44、equired information.2 PRESSURE RATINGS2.1 Basis of RatingsThe allowable internal pressure rating for bendsdesigned in accordance with this Standard shall not beless than that which is calculated for straight seamlesspipe (or for pipe welded with a joint efficiency factor of1.0) of equivalent materia
45、l (as shown by comparison ofcomposition and mechanical properties in the respectivematerial specifications) in accordance with the rulesestablished in the applicable sections of the referencingcode for pressure piping. For these calculations, applica-ble data for the nominal size, nominal wall thick
46、ness,and material equivalent to that of the bend materialshall be used. Nominal size, nominal wall thickness, andmaterial identity markings on the bend may be used inlieu of pressure-rating markings.22.2 Design of BendsThe required internal pressure design thickness at theintrados (inside radius) of
47、 the bend shall be determinedin accordance with eq. (1) of this Standard. The thicknessat the neutral axis (see Fig. 1) and on the extrados (outerradius) of the bend shall be no less than the mating pipedesign thickness or the customer-specified minimumwall thickness.TIH208984H20849R/DoH20850 14H208
48、49R/DoH20850 2H20899t (1)whereDop nominal outside diameterR p bend centerline radiusTIp minimum required thickness at the intradost p nominal design wall thickness (see para. 2.1)3 SIZEThe diameter of bends shall be identified by the nomi-nal pipe size (NPS) as defined in ASME B36.10M (e.g.,NPS 24).
49、 Alternatively or in addition, the marking mayinclude the nominal size as defined in ISO 6708, whichconsists of the letters “DN” followed by a dimensionlesswhole number, which is indirectly related to the physicalsize, in millimeters, of the outside diameter of pipe towhich the bend is intended to be welded (e.g., DN 600).4 MARKING4.1 Standard MarkingEach bend shall be marked on the outside surfacewithin 300 mm (12 in.) of one end to show the following:(a) manufacturers name or trademark(b) heat number or manufacturers heat identification(c) material grade symbol (see pa
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