ANSI ASME B18.31.2-2014 Continuous Thread Stud Double-End Stud and Flange Bolting Stud (Stud Bolt) (Inch Series).pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B18.31.2-2014(Revision of ASME B18.31.2-2008)Continuous Thread Stud, Double-End Stud, and Flange Bolting Stud (Stud Bolt) (Inch Series)ASME B18.31.2-2014(Revision of ASME B18.31.2-2008)Continuous ThreadStud, Double-EndStud, and FlangeBolting Stud (StudBolt) (Inch S

2、eries)AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: October 29, 2014This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. I

3、nterpretations are published on the Committee Web page and under go.asme.org/InterpsDatabase. Periodically certain actions of the ASME B18 Committee may be published asCases. Cases are published on the ASME Web site under the B18 Committee Page at go.asme.org/B18committee as they are issued.Errata t

4、o codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The B18 Committee Page can be found at go.asm

5、e.org/B18committee. There is an option availableto automatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered t

6、rademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concer

7、ned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endor

8、se” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringemen

9、t of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency represent

10、ative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the

11、 issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2014 b

12、yTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . viCorrespondence With the B18 Committee vii1 Introduction 12 Comparison With ISO Documents 13 Referenced Standards . 14 Terminology 25 Dimensions . 26 Body Diameter 27 Stud Length 2

13、8 Stud Ends 79 Thread Length 710 Screw Threads 711 Materials and Mechanical Properties . 712 Identification Symbols. 813 Finish 814 Workmanship . 815 Straightness 816 Inspection and Quality Assurance 817 Clearance Holes. 818 Stud Designation 8Figure1 Relationship of Dimensions, L and U, on Flange Bo

14、lting Studs (Stud Bolts) 2Tables1 Dimensions for Continuous Thread Studs 32 Dimensions for Clamping Type Studs 43 Dimensions for Tap-End Studs (1.5D Engagement) 54 Body Diameters for Double-End Studs . 65 Continuous Thread and Double-End Stud Length Tolerances 76 Flange Bolting Stud (Stud Bolt) Leng

15、th Tolerances 7iiiFOREWORDASME Standards Committee B18 for the Standardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws, Washers,and Similar Fasteners (formerly American National Standards Committee B18) was organizedin March 1922 as Sectional Committee B18 under the aegis of the American Engineering Standard

16、sCommittee (later the American Standards Association, then the United States of AmericaStandards Institute, and, as of October 6, 1969, the American National Standards Institute, Inc.ANSI) with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME) as joint

17、sponsors.In 1995, the SAE Ship Systems and Equipment Committee that was preparing fastener partstandards for the shipbuilding industry asked ASME Committee B18 if there was an interest indeveloping dimensional standards for studs. At the December 1995 meeting of B18 in Atlanta,it was reported that a

18、 survey by ASME showed considerable interest in establishing a subcommit-tee to develop stud standards, and 11 representatives indicated their willingness to serve on asubcommittee. Subcommittee 31 was established, and draft SAE inch and metric stud standardswere distributed for review.The first mee

19、ting of Subcommittee 31 on studs was held in April 1996, in conjunction withthe ASME B18 meetings in Chicago. Existing stud standards (IFI 136, Studs and Bolts, and IFI 528,Metric Studs and Bolts) were compared with the draft SAE standards (J2271, Part Standard forStuds Continuous and Double End Inc

20、h Series, and J2271M, Part Standard for Studs Continuous and Double End Metric). The Subcommittee then identified the configurations tobe developed along with thread sizes and diameters to be covered. It was determined to developboth inch and metric standards covering both continuously threaded and

21、double-ended studs.A decision to develop the metric standard first was unanimously passed.As the metric standard B18.31.1M was developed, little effort was devoted to the inch standarduntil 2005. In April 2005, the Subcommittee developed basic requirements for the inch studs thatwere similar to the

22、metric studs, with the addition of interference-fit studs using ASME B1.12threads. A draft was reviewed at the November 2006 meeting with a number of format changessuggested. How to define the nominal length for tap-end studs was discussed, and a motionwas approved to identify the nominal length as

23、the overall length rather than the protrusionlength when installed as used in ASME B18.31.1M per ISO 225 requirements.In November 2006, the Subcommittee decided that diameters from14in. to 4 in. would becovered although at the previous meeting it had been agreed to cover diameters down to Size No. 0

24、.The nominal length for tap-end studs was again revisited without a consensus being reached.At the April 2007 meeting, examples of both methods of identifying the nominal length of tapstuds were reviewed, and it was determined to use the overall length as the nominal length asthis had been the past

25、convention for inch studs in the United States.A draft was balloted prior to the November 2007 meeting and several disapprovals wereresolved at the meeting. It was agreed that the maximum nut-end thread length would be deletedin favor of a total thread length to the last scratch, which would be the

26、minimum thread lengthplus five thread pitches. As a result, thread gaging is simplified without affecting the overallsuitability of the studs.A reconsideration draft was balloted prior to the April 2008 meeting. The only disapprovalwas withdrawn prior to the meeting, and the Subcommittee approved se

27、veral minor editorialcorrections at the meeting.ASME B18.31.2-2008 was approved by the American National Standards Institute onAugust 4, 2008.In the fall of 2013, the B18.31 Subcommittee decided it was time to make some minor revisionsto B18.31.2 to update its format and content to be consistent wit

28、h recent revisions of other B18standards. The technical revisions are to change the pointed ends from optional to mandatory,ivand to add a stud type referred to as “flange bolting stud (stud bolt).” This is a stud design thatoriginated in the 1960s by the publication of the ASME B16.5 flange standar

29、d wherein it describedthe continuous-thread stud having a length designation from the first full thread on one end tothe first full thread on the other end rather than the length being designated as being from endto end. This description was used for many years in general terms in ASTM A193 and A962

30、, butnever thoroughly covered by the ASME B18 standards.This revision was approved by ANSI on August 1, 2014.vASME B18 COMMITTEEStandardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws, Washers, andSimilar Fasteners(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDAR

31、DS COMMITTEE OFFICERSJ. Greenslade, ChairD. S. George, Vice ChairW. H. King, Vice ChairC. J. Gomez, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELV. Cartina, Nylok, LLCD. A. Clever, Contributing Member, ConsultantA. P. Cockman, Ford Motor Co.C. D. de la Garza, TSP, Inc.D. S. George, Ramco SpecialtiesC. J. G

32、omez, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersJ. Greenslade, Industrial Fasteners InstituteJ. J. Grey, Contributing Member, Fastener Consulting Services, Inc.A. Herskovitz, Contributing Member, ConsultantJ. Hubbard, Leland-Powell Fasteners, Inc.J. C. Jennings, Contributing Member, Naval Surface

33、Warfare CenterW. H. King, Fastenal Co.D. Korneffel, Contributing Member, Cadenas PARTsolutionsSUBCOMMITTEE 31 STUDS, LIFTING EYES, AND BENT BOLTSC. D. de la Garza, Chair, TSP, Inc.T. Anderson, Vice Chair, Bay BoltJ. F. Braden, Fasteners UnlimitedD. A. Clever, Contributing Member, ConsultantJ. Finneg

34、an, Safety Socket, LLCD. S. George, Ramco SpecialtiesJ. Greenslade, Industrial Fasteners InstituteA. Herskovitz, ConsultantJ. Hubbard, Leland-Powell Fasteners, Inc.J. C. Jennings, Naval Surface Warfare CenterJ. W. Lewis, Newport News ShipbuildingviM. D. Prasad, Contributing Member, GlobalM however,

35、they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committeeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interp

36、retation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, o

37、r activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The B18 Standards Committee regularly holds meetingsand/or telephone conferences that are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meetingand/or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the B18 Standards Committee. FutureCommittee meeting

38、 dates and locations can be found on the Committee Page atgo.asme.org/B18Committee.viiINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKviiiASME B18.31.2-2014CONTINUOUS THREAD STUD, DOUBLE-END STUD, AND FLANGEBOLTING STUD (STUD BOLT) (INCH SERIES)1 INTRODUCTION1.1 Scope1.1.1 This Standard covers the complete dimen-sional and

39、 general data for the following types of studsin inch dimensions:(a) continuous thread studs(b) double-end studs(c) flange bolting studs (stud bolts)These studs are recognized as American NationalStandard. The following configurations are covered:continuous thread stud: a stud that is threaded over

40、itscomplete length.double-end (clamping type identical ends) stud: a studwith screw threads of the same length and configurationon each end. This type of stud serves the function ofclamping two bodies together with a nut on each end.double-end (tap-end type) stud: a stud designed to beinstalled in a

41、 tapped hole and usually with differentthreaded lengths on each end. For the tap end of thestuds, both regular unified threads and interference-fitthreads are covered.Double-end studs of the following body diametersare covered:(a) reduced-diameter body (see para. 6.1 fordimensions)(b) full body (see

42、 para. 6.2 for dimensions)flange bolting stud (stud bolt): a threaded stud used pri-marily in applications with flanges covered by ASMEB16.5, and made using ASTM A01 bolting materials.1.1.2 The inclusion of dimensional data in thisStandard is not intended to imply that all productsdescribed are stoc

43、k production items. Consumers shouldconsult with suppliers concerning availability ofproducts.2 COMPARISON WITH ISO DOCUMENTSThere is no comparable ISO standard.3 REFERENCED STANDARDSThe following is a list of publications referenced inthis Standard. Unless otherwise specified, the referenceshall be

44、 to the most recent issue at the time of orderplacement.ASME B1.1, Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNRThread Form)1ASME B1.3, Screw Thread Gaging Systems forAcceptability Inch and Metric Screw Threads (UN,UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ)ASME B1.12, Class 5 Interference-Fit ThreadASME B16.5, Pipe and Flange F

45、ittingsASME B18.2.8, Clearance Holes for Bolts, Screws, andStudsASME B18.2.9, Straightness Gage and Gaging for Boltsand ScrewsASME B18.12, Glossary of Terms for MechanicalFastenersASME B18.18, Quality Assurance for FastenersASME Y14.5, Dimensioning and TolerancingPublisher: The American Society of M

46、echanicalEngineers (ASME), Two Park Avenue, New York, NY10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive,P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900(www.asme.org)ASTM A193/A193M, Alloy-Steel and Stainless SteelBolting Materials for High-Temperature ServiceASTM A320/A320M, Alloy Steel Bolting Materials forLow-

47、Temperature ServiceASTM A354, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts,Studs, and Other Externally Threaded FastenersASTM A380, Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling,and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment,and SystemsASTM A437/A437M, Alloy-Steel Turbine-Type BoltingMaterial Specially

48、Heat Treated for High-TemperatureServiceASTM A449, Quenched and Tempered Steel Bolts andStudsASTM A453/A453M, High-Temperature BoltingMaterials With Expansion Coefficients Comparable toAustenitic Stainless SteelsASTM A540/A540M, Alloy-Steel Bolting Materials forSpecial ApplicationsASTM A1014/A1014M,

49、 Precipitation-HardeningBolting Material (UNS N07718) for High TemperatureServiceASTM F468, Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, andStuds for General UseASTM F593, Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws,and StudsASTM F788/F788M, Surface Discontinuities of Bolts,Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesASME B18.31.2-2014ASTM F1941, Electrodeposited Coatings on ThreadedFasteners Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr HarborDrive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959 (www.astm.org)SAE J429, Mechanical and Material Requiremen