ANSI ASME B30.11-2010 Monorails and Underhung Cranes (Includes Interpretations Dated May 2004 thru August 2009)《单轨和悬挂式起重机》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.11-2010(Revision of ASME B30.11-2004)Monorails and UnderhungCranesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME B30.11-2010(Revision of ASME B30.11-2004)Monorails andUnderhungCranesSafety Standard f

2、or Cableways, Cranes,Derricks,Hoists,Hooks,Jacks,andSlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDDate of Issuance: April 16, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this

3、 edition.ASME issues written replies to inquirires concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStand

4、ard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individu

5、als fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not

6、“approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard agai

7、nst liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation

8、 by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and p

9、olicies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York,

10、 NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Introduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 11-0 Scope, Definitions, and References. 1Section 11-0.1 Scope of B30.11 1Section 11-0.2

11、Definitions 1Section 11-0.3 References . 9Chapter 11-1 Construction and Installation 11Section 11-1.1 Markings 11Section 11-1.2 Clearances . 11Section 11-1.3 General Construction 11Section 11-1.4 Track Switches, Track Openers, and Interlocks 12Section 11-1.5 Vertical Drop or Lift Sections . 12Sectio

12、n 11-1.6 Cabs, Normal or Skeleton (If Provided) . 13Section 11-1.7 Guards and Lugs 13Section 11-1.8 Brakes . 14Section 11-1.9 Electrical Equipment . 14Section 11-1.10 Hoisting Equipment . 15Section 11-1.11 Warning Devices . 15Section 11-1.12 Installation 15Section 11-1.13 Carriers (Trolleys) 15Chapt

13、er 11-2 Inspection and Testing 21Section 11-2.1 Inspection . 21Section 11-2.2 Testing 22Chapter 11-3 Operator Training and Operation . 24Section 11-3.1 Operator Training 24Section 11-3.2 Training for Persons Other Than Crane and Monorail SystemOperators . 24Section 11-3.3 Operation . 24Section 11-3.

14、4 Planned Engineered Lifts 28Section 11-3.5 Signals 28Section 11-3.6 Miscellaneous . 29Section 11-3.7 Equipment Lockout/Tagout 29Chapter 11-4 Maintenance Training and Maintenance. 30Section 11-4.1 Maintenance Training 30Section 11-4.2 Equipment Maintenance . 30Figures11-0.2-1 Cab-Operated Carrier 21

15、1-0.2-2 Examples of Styles of Electrification 311-0.2-3 Cab-Operated Cranes 411-0.2-4 Floor-Operated Cranes . 511-0.2-5 Semigantry Crane 611-0.2-6 Drop Section (Lift Section) . 711-0.2-7 Interlocking System for Underhung Crane 711-0.2-8 Wall-Supported Jib Crane 811-0.2-9 Example of One Type of Enclo

16、sed Track and Support Bracket . 9iii11-1.9.3-1 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Three-Motor Crane) 1611-1.9.3-2 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Four-Motor Crane) . 1711-1.9.3-3 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Pendant Push-ButtonStation Arrangement) 1811-1.9.3-4 Recommended Arr

17、angement of Controllers (Radio Crane ControlTransmitter Lever Arrangement) . 1811-1.13-1 Recommended Trolley Wheel Configurations . 1911-1.13-2 Recommended Trolley Fit 2011-3.3.4-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Cab-Operated MonorailSystems and Underhung Cranes . 26ivFOREWORDThis American Nat

18、ional Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December 191

19、6 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safe

20、ty Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute). Department of Labor State of New Jersey,

21、Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy,

22、Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out Octo-ber 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 me

23、mbers representing 29national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, wascreated from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document wasreaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Duetochangesindesign,advancementinte

24、chniques,andgeneralinterestoflaborandindustryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing

25、27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) will cover thedifferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was r

26、eorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentandotherregulatorybodiesandmunicipalauthoritiesrespo

27、nsiblefortheguardingandinspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments

28、, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interp

29、retation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX, before rendering decisions on disputed points.In the 2010 edition of this Volume, Chapters 2 and 3 were revised and Maintenance was movedto

30、 new Chapter 4.Safetycodesandstandardsareintendedtoenhancepublicsafety.Revisionsresultfromcommit-teeconsiderationoffactorssuchastechnologicaladvances,newdata,andchangingenvironmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.This Volume of the Standard, which w

31、as approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on March 1, 2010.vASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks,Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval

32、of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QINETIQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Gro

33、upR. J. Bolen, ConsultantG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, Poms and AssociatesM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blant

34、on, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti monorailsystem; and support system added9,10 Section 11-0.3 References updated11 11-1.1.1 Revised11-1.1.2 Revised11-1.1.3 Added11-1.1.4 Added11-1.1.6 Added11-1.3.1 Revised12 11-1.3.2 Revised11-1.3.3 Revised11-1.3.4 Revised15 Section 11-

35、1.12 AddedSection 11-1.13 Added19 Fig. 11-1.13-1 Added20 Fig. 11-1.13-2 Added2123 Chapter 11-2 Revised in its entirety2429 Chapter 11-3 Revised in its entirety3032 Chapter 11-4 AddedSPECIAL NOTE:The interpretations to ASME B30.11 are included in this edition as a separate section for theusers conven

36、ience.xiINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKxii(10)(10)ASME B30.11-2010MONORAILS AND UNDERHUNG CRANESChapter 11-0Scope, Definitions, and ReferencesSECTION 11-0.1 SCOPE OF B30.11Volume B30.11 includes provisions that apply to theconstruction, installation, operation, inspection, testing,and maintenance of underh

37、ung crane and monorail sys-tems, track sections, and load-carrying members, suchas end trucks or carriers (commonly called trolleys) thattravel either on the external or internal lower flange of atrack section. The track sections include single monorailtrack, crane bridge girders and jib booms, all

38、curves,switches, transfer devices, and lift and drop sections.Provisions apply to both power-driven and hand-operated equipment in which the carriers are indepen-dently controlled. Items within this scope may bereferred to as “equipment.”Provisions for similar equipment used for a specialpurpose, su

39、ch as, but not limited to, nonvertical liftingservice, lifting a guided load, conveyor systems, includ-ingpowerandfreeconveyors,andliftingortransportingpersonnel are not included in this Volume.SECTION 11-0.2 DEFINITIONSabnormal operating conditions: environmental conditionsthat are unfavorable, har

40、mful, or detrimental to or forthe operation of the crane or carrier, such as excessivelyhigh or low ambient temperatures, exposure to weather,corrosive fumes, dust- or moisture-laden atmospheres,and hazardous locations.administrative or regulatory authority: governmentalagency or the employer in the

41、 absence of governmentaljurisdiction.appointed: appointed by a duly constituted administra-tive or regulatory authority.brake: a device, other than a motor, used for retardingor stopping motion by friction or power means.bridge (crane) girder: crane member on which carrierstravel,horizontallymounted

42、between andsupportedbythe end trucks.bridge (crane) travel:cranemovementinadirectionparal-lel to the crane runway.1cab: an operators compartment attached to a crane orcarrier.cab, normal: operatorscompartmentused forcontrollinga cab-operated crane or carrier.cab, skeleton:operatorscompartmentusedfor

43、occasionalcab operation of, normally, a floor- or remote-operatedcrane or carrier.carrier: (also known as trolley) a unit that travels on thebottom flange of a monorail track, jib boom, or bridgegirder to transport a load.carrier, automatic dispatch: a carrier that, when activated,operates through a

44、 preset cycle or cycles.carrier, cab-operated: a carrier controlled by an operatorin a cab attached to the carrier (see Fig. 11-0.2-1).carrier, floor-operated: a carrier that is controlled by ameanssuspendedfromthecarrierorcrane,orcontrolledfrom a wall-mounted station and operated by an opera-tor on

45、 the floor or on an independent platform.carrier, hot molten material: an overhead carrier used fortransporting or pouring molten material.carrier, manually operated: a carrier whose travel mecha-nism is driven by pulling an endless chain or by manu-ally moving the load.carrier, power-operated: a ca

46、rrier whose mechanism isdriven by electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic means.carrier, pulpit-operated: a carrier operated from a fixedoperator station not attached to the carrier.carrier, remote-operated: a carrier that is controlled by anymethod other than a means suspended from the carrierand operate

47、d by an operator not in a pulpit nor in thecab attached to the carrier.chain, hand: the chain grasped by a person to apply forcerequired for lifting, lowering, or traveling motion.NOTE: Hand chain properties do not conform to those shownin ASME B30.9.chain, load: the load-bearing chain in a hoist.NO

48、TE: Load chain properties do not conform to those shown inASME B30.9.ASME B30.11-2010Fig. 11-0.2-1 Cab-Operated CarrierHoistCabTrackclamp:atypeofsuspensionfittingusedtosupporttracksfrom an overhead structure which is fastened to thestructure by mechanical means rather than by weldingor direct boltin

49、g.conductors (electrification): the system by which the mov-ing equipment receives its electrical power (seeFig. 11-0.2-2).conductors,guarded:barorwireusedtotransmitelectricalpower, guarded to minimize inadvertent contact withthe conductor.conductors, open: bar or wire, not guarded, used to trans-mit electrical power.controller: a device or group of devices that govern, ina predetermined manner, the power delivered to theapparatus to which it is connected.crane: a machine for lifting and lowering a load andmoving it horizontally. Cranes, whether fixed or mobile,are driven manual