ANSI ASME B30.12-2011 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft《旋翼机悬吊货物负载》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft ASME B30.12-2011(Revision of ASME B30.12-2006)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.12-2011(Revision of ASME B30.12-2006)Handling LoadsSuspended FromRotorcraftSafety Standard fo

2、r Cableways, Cranes,Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: March 16, 2012The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2017. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issua

3、nce.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition ofthe Standard.E

4、rrata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at ht

5、tp:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registere

6、d trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and con

7、cerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “en

8、dorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringe

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11、the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2

12、012 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Introduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 12-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 12-0.1 Scope of B30.12 . 1Section 12-0.2 Definitions . 1Section 1

13、2-0.3 References 4Chapter 12-1 External Load Ratings and Characteristics . 5Section 12-1.1 Load Ratings . 5Section 12-1.2 Load Characteristics 5Chapter 12-2 Lifting Components 6Section 12-2.1 Primary Cargo Hook(s) . 6Section 12-2.2 Hoist/Winch . 6Section 12-2.3 Rotorcraft 7Section 12-2.4 Slings 7Sec

14、tion 12-2.5 Longlines 7Chapter 12-3 Inspection and Maintenance 10Section 12-3.1 Rotorcraft Inspection and Maintenance 10Section 12-3.2 Primary Hook(s) and Attaching Means Inspection and Maintenance . 10Section 12-3.3 Hoist and Hoist Rope Inspection and Maintenance 10Section 12-3.4 Sling Inspection,

15、Replacement, and Maintenance 10Chapter 12-4 Operations 11Section 12-4.1 Pilots and Crew 11Section 12-4.2 Pilot Qualifications . 11Section 12-4.3 Signalperson Qualifications and Responsibilities . 11Section 12-4.4 Operating Practices . 13Chapter 12-5 Handling the Load . 17Section 12-5.1 Hooking and U

16、nhooking Loads . 17Section 12-5.2 Taglines 17Section 12-5.3 Attachment Methods . 17Chapter 12-6 Signals and Communication 18Section 12-6.1 Signal Systems . 18Section 12-6.2 Personnel 18Section 12-6.3 Human External Cargo Communications 18Chapter 12-7 Fueling and Ground-Based Facilities at the Work A

17、rea 19Section 12-7.1 Fueling Operations . 19Section 12-7.2 Personnel Training 19Section 12-7.3 Ground-Based Facilities Arrangement . 19Figures12-0.2.2-1 Hook With Closed-Throat Load Beam . 212-0.2.2-2 Hook With Open-Throat Load Beam 312-2.4.1-1 Vertical Hitch . 812-2.4.1-2 Two-Leg Sling 812-2.4.1-3

18、Three-Leg Sling . 8iii12-2.4.1-4 Four-Leg Sling . 812-2.4.1-5 Two-Leg Spreader Sling . 912-2.4.1-6 Four-Leg Spreader Sling 912-4.3.4-1 Helicopter Hand Signals 1212-4.4.16-1 Personnel Approach/Departure Path (Level Ground) 1512-4.4.16-2 Personnel Approach/Departure Path (Sloping Ground) 1512-4.4.16-3

19、 Personnel Approach/Departure With Tools 1512-5.1-1 Helicopter Station 17Table12-2.4.3-1 Determining Sling Strength . 9ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by th

20、e AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI, formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresented to the

21、annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving: the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Stand

22、ardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineerin

23、g Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project, with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectiona

24、l Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2,1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page docume

25、nt referred to in the first paragraph. This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval Fac

26、ilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate volumes (each complete as toconstruction and ins

27、tallation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard pr

28、esents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory

29、provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods

30、, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX of

31、the B30 Standard Introduction, before renderingdecisions on disputed points.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration offactors such as technologicaladvances, new data, andchanging environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do no

32、t imply that previous editions were inadequate.This Volume of the Standard contains minor revisions that were approved by the B30 Committeeand ASME. This Volume of the Standard was approved by ANSI and designated as an AmericanNational Standard on December 6, 2011.vASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard

33、for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSL. D. Means, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp

34、Steel USA, LLCC. M. Robison, Alternate, UT BattelleT. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.R. J. Bolen, E. I. DuPontM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.M. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.B. D. Closson, Craft Fore

35、nsic Services, Inc.B. Pickett, Alternate, Forensic Engineering this unit features both a primary (electrical) quick-re-lease device and a backup (nonelectric) quick-releasedevice.human external cargo (HEC): a person(s) that at somepointin theoperation iscarried externaltothe rotorcraft.jettison, eme

36、rgency (complete load release): the intentional,instantaneous release of nonhuman external cargo(NHEC) or HEC in a preset sequence by the quick-release system (QRS) that is normally performed toachievesaferoperationoftherotorcraftinanemergency.jettison, normal (selective load release): the intention

37、al re-lease, normally at optimum jettison conditions, ofNHEC.ASME B30.12-2011Fig. 12-0.2.2-2 Hook With Open-Throat Load BeamManualreleaseKeeperLoad beamjettisonable load: a Class B, C, or D rotorcraft externalload that can be intentionally released by the pilot ordesignated flight crew member in fli

38、ght, using either aprimary quick-release system (PQRS) or BQRS.keeper: a device, usually spring loaded, that prevents theapex fitting of a sling from slipping off the load beamof the cargo hook (see Fig. 12-0.2.2-2).kV: kilovolts; equal to 1,000 V of electricity.large aircraft:anaircraftofmorethan12

39、,500lb,maximumcertificated takeoff weight.lift: to raise the load by flight of the rotorcraft.limit loads: the maximum load(s) to be expected inservice.limit switch: a device that, by predetermined adjustment,limits the rotational or linear movement of a mechanism.load: the static weight of the obje

40、ct being lifted or low-ered, including the sling and any other ancillary attach-ments, not included as part of the rotorcraft or rotorcrafthoist system.load ratings: the maximum load that a rotorcraft or otheritemofliftingequipmentisauthorizedtolift,asspecifiedby the manufacturer, the FAA, or the ap

41、plicable regula-tory authority.longline: an external load attachment system in whichany combination of load and line causes the externalload to extend greater than 50 ft beneath the aircraftfuselage when suspended from the aircrafts cargo hook.main rotor(s): the rotor that supplies the principal lif

42、t toa rotorcraft.manual-release device: a cargo hook-mounted, mechanicalrelease mechanism typically used by ground crews toopen the cargo hook independent from the rotorcraftsPQRS or BQRS (see Fig. 12-0.2.2-2).3maximum gross weight: the maximum approved grossweightof therotorcraft andits loadinany c

43、onfiguration.nonhuman external cargo (NHEC): any external cargo op-eration that does not, at any time, involve a person(s)carried external to the rotorcraft.open-throat load beam: that load-bearing member of acargo hook designed so that in its normal operatingposition, it is possible to slide the ap

44、ex fitting of a slingdirectly onto the load beam without opening the hook(see Fig. 12-0.2.2-2).operation: the use of a rotorcraft lifting loads outside itsfuselage to accomplish various lifting and placing tasks.The task may consist of just one lift or may be of long orindefiniteduration.(Seealsoext

45、ernal lift or load operation.)operator:thecompany,firm,individual,orotherbusinessenterprise owning or leasing the rotorcraft that is re-sponsible for its functioning and airworthiness.pendant: a synthetic or wire rope, chain, or webbing ofspecific length with fixed end connections.personnel-carrying

46、 device system (PCDS): the entireattached or suspended system used to carry HEC. Thisis any HEC-carrying configuration, such as a suspendedHEC system (e.g., winch/hoist, cable, harness) or anattached HEC system (e.g., a rigid basket or cageattached to the skids).pilot-in-command (PIC): the person wh

47、o has the final au-thority and responsibility for the operation and safetyof the flight, has been designated as pilot-in-commandbefore or during the flight, and holds the appropriatecategory, class, and type rating, if appropriate, for theconduct of the flight.primary quick-release subsystem (PQRS):

48、 the primary orfirst-choice subsystem used to perform a normal oremergency jettison of external cargo.qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog-nized degree in an applicable field or certificate of pro-fessional standing, or by extensive knowledge, training,and experience, has success

49、fully demonstrated the abil-ity to solve or resolve problems relating to the subjectmatter and work.quick-release system (QRS): the entire release system forjettisonable external cargo (i.e., the sum total of both thePQRS and BQRS). The QRS consists of all components,including the controls, the release devices, and every-thing in between.rated load: the maximum allowable working load estab-lished by the lifting component manufacturer.rating: a statement that, as a part of a certificate, setsforth special conditions, privileges, or limitations.rescue hook: a hook that can be rate