ANSI ASME B30.21-2014 Lever Hoists Safety Standard for Cableways Cranes Derricks Hoists Hooks Jacks and Slings《杠杆提升机(原手动杠杆操作提升机)》.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.21-2014Revision of B30.21-2005 (R2010)Lever HoistsSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.21-2014Revision of ASME B30.21-2005 (R2010)Lever HoistsSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,Jack

2、s, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: May 30, 2014The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2019. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerni

3、ng interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org/ as they are issued. Interpretations will also be included with each edition.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site

4、 under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatic

5、ally receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.Thi

6、s code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The pr

7、oposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.

8、ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liab

9、ility. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be

10、interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this

11、document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2014 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights rese

12、rvedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Introduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 21-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, and References . 1Section 21-0.1 Scope of ASME B30.21 1Section 21-0.2 Definitions . 1Section 21-0.3 Personnel Competence 7Section 2

13、1-0.4 References 7Chapter 21-1 Construction and Installation . 8Section 21-1.1 Marking 8Section 21-1.2 Construction . 8Section 21-1.3 Translation . 10Chapter 21-2 Inspection and Testing . 11Section 21-2.1 Inspection 11Section 21-2.2 Lifting Load Chain, Rope, or Web Strap Inspection 14Section 21-2.3

14、Testing . 15Chapter 21-3 Operation and Operator Training 16Section 21-3.1 Training 16Section 21-3.2 Hoisting Practices for Operators 16Chapter 21-4 Maintenance and Maintenance Training . 18Section 21-4.1 Training 18Section 21-4.2 Maintenance . 18Section 21-4.3 Welded Link Chain Replacement and Maint

15、enance 18Section 21-4.4 Roller and Rollerless Chain Replacement and Maintenance 19Section 21-4.5 Rope Replacement and Maintenance 19Section 21-4.6 Web Strap Replacement and Maintenance . 20Figures21-0.1-1 Lever Hoist Chain Type 221-0.1-2 Lever Hoist Rope 321-0.1-3 Lever Hoist Web Strap . 321-0.2-1 L

16、ever Hoist Chain Type 421-0.2-2 Load Chain 521-0.2-3 Guide and Load Sprocket-Strap . 521-0.2-4 Load Controlling Mechanism . 621-0.2-5 Overtravel Restraint 621-0.2-6 Load Sprockets . 721-1.2.6-1 Swivel Type Hook 9Tables21-2.1.4-1 Minimum Frequent Inspection for Lever Hoists 1221-2.1.5-1 Minimum Perio

17、dic Inspection for Lever Hoists 13iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in De

18、cember 1916, whenan eight-page “Code of Safety Standards for Cranes,” prepared by an ASME Committee on theProtection of Industrial Workers, was presented at the annual meeting of ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the

19、ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (AESC) later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the UnitedStates of America Institute (USASI), and finally t

20、o ANSI, Department of Labor State ofNew Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and the LocomotiveCrane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof t

21、he Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, wit

22、h 57 members representing29 national organizations. Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code publishedby ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the “Safety Code for Cranes,Derricks, and Hoists.” The early drafts of this safety code included requirements for jacks bu

23、tdue to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to makethe requirements for jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was publishedaddressing a multitude of equipment types and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was publishedjust addressing jacks. Both d

24、ocuments were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safetystandards.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yardsand Docks (now the Naval Facilities En

25、gineering Command), was reorganized on January 31, 1962,with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new committee changed the formatof ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be published inseparate volumes that could completely cover the constructi

26、on, installation, inspection, testing,maintenance, and operation of each type of equipment that was included in the scope of ASA B30.2.This format change resulted in the initial publication of B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16being designated as revisions of B30.2 with the remainder of the B30

27、 volumes being publishedas totally new volumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, whichresulted in B30 volumes from 1943 to 1968 being designated as ASA B30, USAS B30, or ANSI B30,depending on their date of publication.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited

28、Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standard presents acoordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodiesand municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment f

29、allingwithin its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given both as mandatoryand advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be required by employers of theiremployees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regu

30、latory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulato

31、ry authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee in accordanceivwith the format described in Section IX of the Introduction before rendering decisions on disputedpoints.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors su

32、ch as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.The first edition of ASME B30.21 was issued in 1989; new editions were published in 1994,1999, and 2005. This edition no longer covers one product line

33、per chapter and has adopted themore traditional B30 five-chapter format with one Chapter each for scope, definitions, references,personnel competence and references; construction and installation; inspection and testing; opera-tion and operator training; and finally maintenance and maintenance train

34、ing. In addition, thisedition addresses personnel competence, translations, and responsibilities.This edition of the B30.21 Volume was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, andwas approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on January 27, 2014.vASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Stan

35、dard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSL. D. Means, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenK

36、rupp Steel USA, LLCC. M. Robison, Alternate, UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge NationalLaboratoryG. Austin, Terex Corp.T. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.R. O. Ohman, Alternate, TrainerP. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.C. E. Lucas, Alternate, The Crosby Group, Inc.R. J. Bolen, ConsultantC. E. Cotton, Alternate,

37、 Navy Crane CenterM. E. Brunet, Manitowoc Cranes/The Manitowoc Crane GroupA. L. Calta, Alternate, Manitowoc Crane GroupT. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual GroupM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. Closson, Craft Forensic ServiceB. A. Pickett, Alternate, Forensic Engineering and Applied Scien

38、ceInstituteR. M. Cutshall, Savannah River Nuclear SolutionsJ. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.P. W. Boyd, Alternate, The Boeing Co.L. D. Demark, Sr., Equipment Training Solutions, LLCD. F. Jordan, Alternate, BP AmericaD. Eckstine, Eckstine ambienttemperature; appointed; designatedperson; exposed; guide,

39、 web strap; guide,wire rope; and lifting devices deleted(2) Definitions of block, load; chain,rollerless; drum; guide (formerly guide,chain); headroom; lift; load; load, rated;overtravel restraint; parts (lines); pawl;reeving; service, normal; sheave; side pull;sprocket idler; and sprocket, load rev

40、ised(3) Definition of minimum breaking forceaddedFigure 21-0.2-1 Title and figure revisedFigure 21-0.2-2 Caption for illustration (a) revisedFigure 21-0.2-4 Illustration (a) revisedFigure 21-0.2-5 RevisedSection 21-0.3 AddedSection 21-0.4 Formerly 21-0.3, redesignated andupdated810 Chapter 21-1 (1)

41、Title revised and chapter revised in itsentirety(2) Table 1 deleted1115 Chapter 21-2 (1) Revised in its entirety(2) Table 2 revised and redesignated asTables 21-2.1.4-1 and 21-2.1.5-116, 17 Chapter 21-3 (1) Revised in its entirety(2) Table 3 deleted1820 Chapter 21-4 AddedxiSPECIAL NOTE:The interpret

42、ations to ASME B30.21 are included in this edition as a separate section for theusers convenience.xii(14)(14)ASME B30.21-2014LEVER HOISTSChapter 21-0Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, and ReferencesSECTION 21-0.1: SCOPE OF ASME B30.21Volume B30.21 includes provisions that apply to theconstruc

43、tion, installation, operation, inspection, andmaintenance of ratchet and pawl and friction brake typelever chain, rope, and web strap hoists used for lifting,pulling, and tensioning applications (see Figs. 21-0.1-1,21-0.1-2, and 21-0.1-3).The requirements for a lever hoist that is used for aspecial

44、purpose, such as lifting personnel or drawingboth the load and the hoist up or down the load chain,rope, or web strap when the lever hoist is attached to theload, and a specially insulated hoist used for handlingenergized electrical power lines are not included in thisVolume.SECTION 21-0.2: DEFINITI

45、ONSabnormal operating conditions: environmental conditionsthat are unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or forthe operation of a hoist, such as excessively high or lowambient temperatures, exposure to weather, corrosivefumes, dust laden or moisture laden atmospheres, andhazardous locations.block,

46、 load: the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bear-ings, sheaves, sprockets, pins, and frame suspended bythe load chain, rope, or web strap. This shall includeany appurtenances reeved in the load chain, rope, orweb strap (see Fig. 21-0.2-1).brake: a device for retarding and stopping motion of thel

47、oad (see load controlling mechanism).chain, load: the load-bearing chain in a hoist.chain, roller: a series of alternately assembled roller linksand pin links in which the pins articulate inside thebushings and the rollers are free to turn on the bushings.Pins and bushings are press fit in their res

48、pective linkplates (see Fig. 21-0.2-2). Rollerless chain may be pro-vided on some equipment.chain, rollerless: a series of alternately assembled rollerlinks and pin links in which the pins articulate insidethe bushings with rollers on the bushings omitted. Pins1and bushings are press fit in their re

49、spective link plates(see Fig. 21-0.2-2).chain, welded link: a chain consisting of a series of inter-woven links formed and welded (see Fig. 21-0.2-2).drum: the cylindrical member around which the rope orweb strap is wound for lifting and lowering the load.friction brake: see load controlling mechanism.guide: a means to guide the load chain, rope, or webstrap at the load sprocket (drum) see Figs. 21-0.2-3 and21-0.2-4, illustration (b).hazardous (classified) locations: locations where fire orexplosion hazards may exist. Locations are classifiedaccording to the pr