1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDMeasurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzle, and VenturiASME MFC-3M-2004Revision of ASME MFC-3M-1989 (R1995)ASME MFC-3M2004Revision of ASME MFC-3M1989 (R1995)Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes UsingOrifice, Nozzle,and VenturiThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10
2、016AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDDate of Issuance: August 15, 2005The 2004 edition of this Standard is being issued with an automatic addenda subscription service. Theuse of addenda allows revisions made in response to public review comments or committee actions tobe published as necessary. This Stan
3、dard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of anew edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/www.asme.org/codes/ as they are
4、issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Stan-dards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that ind
5、ividuals from com-petent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made avail-able for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME
6、does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any itemsmentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a stan
7、dard against liability for infringe-ment of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advisedthat determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely theirown responsibility.P
8、articipation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as gov-ernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME pr
9、ocedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Av
10、enue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2005 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vCommittee Roster . . . . . .
11、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viCorrespondence With the MFC Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiPart 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1 Scope and Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2 References and Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
13、 Symbols and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-4 Principles of the Method of Measurement and Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-5 General Requirements for Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-6 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-7 Uncertainties in the Measurement of Flow Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Figure1-1 “Triple-T” Arrangement . .
15、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Table1-1 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Nonmandatory Appendices1A Iterative Computations . . . . . . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111B Examples of Values of Pipe Wall Uniform Equivalent Roughness, k . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121C Flow Conditioners and Flow Straighteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Part 2 Orifice
17、Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182-1 Scope and Field of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182-2 References and Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182-3 Principles of the Method of Measurement and Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192-4 Orifice Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192-5 Insta
19、llation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Figures2-1 Standard Orifice Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192-2 Orifice Plate Flatness Measurement . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202-3 Spacing of Pressure Taps for Orifice Plates with D and D/2 Pressure Taps or Flange Taps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222-4 Corner Taps . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232-5 Layout Including a Full Bore Valve for H9252 = 0.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282-6 Examples of Acceptable Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302-7 19-Tube Bundle Flow Straightener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312-8 Examples of Installations With a 19-Tube Bundle Flow Straightener Downstream of a Single Bend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332-9 Zanker Flow Conditioner Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Tables2-1 Maximum Value of 104Ra/D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242-2 Minimum Value o
24、f 104Ra/D (When Required) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242-3 Required Straight Lengths Between Orifice Plates and Fittings Without Flow Conditioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27iii2-4 Permitted R
25、ange of Straight Lengths Between Orifice Plate and 19-Tube Bundle Flow Straightener (1998) Downstream of Fittings Located at Distance, Lf, From the Orifice Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Nonmandatory Appendix2A Tables of Discharge Co
26、efficients and Expansibility Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Part 3 Nozzles and Venturi Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493-1 Scope and Field of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 493-2 References and Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493-3 Principles of the Method of Measurement and Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493-4 Nozzles and Venturi Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503-5 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Figures3-1 ISA 1932 Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . 503-2 Long Radius Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543-3 Venturi Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563-4 Venturi Nozzle
30、, Pressure Taps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583-5 Pressure Loss Across a Venturi Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593-6 Layout Including a Full Bore Valve for H9252 H11005 0.6 . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623-7 Examples of Acceptable Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Tables3-1 Upper Limits of Relative Roughness of the Upstream Pipe for ISA 1932 Nozzles . . . 523-2 Upper Limits of Relative Roughness of th
32、e Upstream Pipe for Venturi Nozzles . . . . 583-3 Required Straight Lengths for Nozzles and Venturi Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Nonmandatory Appendix3A Tables of Discharge Coefficients and Expansibility Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Part 4 Venturi Meters . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684-1 Scope and Field of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684-2 References and Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684-3 Principles of the Method of Measurement and Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684-4 ASME Venturi Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694-5 Installation Requirements
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Figures4-1 Geometric Profile of the ASME Venturi Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704-2 Pressure Loss Across an ASME Venturi Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . 744-3 Layout Including a Full Bore Valve for H9252 = 0.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764-4 Examples of Acceptable Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Table4-1 Required Straight Lengths for Cla
37、ssical Venturi Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Nonmandatory Appendices4A Tables of Expansibility Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794B ASME Venturi Meters Used Outside the Scope of MFC-3M2004 . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . 804C Pressure Loss in ASME Venturi Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82ivFOREWORDThe purpose of this Standard is to provide guidance and recommendations in the applicationsof fluid flow in pipes using orifice, nozzle, and venturi meters. This Stand
39、ard was prepared byMFC Subcommittee 2 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Standards Committee onMeasurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits.As of the publication of this Standard, differential producers are the single most-used methodof full-pipe flow measurement in the United States an
40、d worldwide. By utilizing simple physicallaws, differential-producing flow meters are capable of providing reliable flow measurementwithin established uncertainty bands.The first edition of this Standard was approved by the ASME MFC Standards Committee in1985. The MFC Standards Committee approved th
41、e second edition of this Standard in 1989, andreaffirmed it in 1995. This revision, approved by the MFC Standards Committee in 2004, includesextensive changes to content and format from the MFC-3M1989 (R1995) edition.Given the global nature of the flow measurement market, this Standard is as consist
42、ent andtechnically equivalent with ISO 5167 as practical. There are, however, technical and editorial dif-ferences made in consideration of recent technical insights and operational practices common inthe United States.This Standard provides information in both SI (metric) units and U.S. Customary u
43、nits. Forreference, U.S. Customary units are shown in parentheses.Suggestions for improvement to this Standard are welcome. They should be sent to Secretary,ASME MFC Standards Committee, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10016-5990.This edition of the Standard was approved by the American National St
44、andards Institute onApril 30, 2004.vASME MFC COMMITTEEMeasurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)OFFICERSZ. D. Husain, ChairR. J. DeBoom, Vice ChairR. L. Crane, SecretaryCOMMITTEE PERSONNELC. J. Blechinger, Cons
45、ultantR. W. Caron, Visteon Corp.G. P. Corpron, ConsultantR. L. Crane, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersR. J. DeBoom, ConsultantP. G. Espina, Controlotron Corp.D. Faber, Badger Meter, Inc.R. H. Fritz, Lonestar MeasurementF. D. Goodson, Emerson ProcessZ. D. Husain, Chevron TexacoE. H. Jones
46、, Jr., Alternate, Chevron Petroleum TechnologiesC. G. Langford, Cullen G. Langford, Inc.W. M. Mattar, Invensys / Foxboro Co.G. E. Mattingly, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyD. R. Mesnard, FMC Measurement SolutionsR. W. Miller, R. W. Miller and Associates, Inc.A. M. Quraishi, American G
47、as AssociationB. K. Rao, ConsultantW. F. Seidl, Colorado Engineering Experiment Station, Inc.T. M. Kegel, Alternate, Colorado Engineering Experiment Station, Inc.D. W. Spitzer, Copperhill and Pointer, Inc.R. N. Steven, McCrometerD. H. Strobel, ConsultantJ. H. Vignos, ConsultantD. E. Wiklund, Rosemou
48、nt, Inc.D. C. Wyatt, Wyatt Engineering and DesignSUBCOMMITTEE 3PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL DEVICESD. C. Wyatt, Chair, Wyatt EngineeringR. L. Crane, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersR. M. Bough, Allison Engine Co.R. H. Fritz, Lonestar MeasurementF. G. Goodson, Emerson ProcessZ. D. Hus
49、ain, Chevron TexacoM. P. McHale, McHale and Associates Inc.R. J. W. Peters, McCrometerA. M. Quraishi, American Gas AssociationW. F. Seidl, Colorado EngineeringD. W. Spitzer, Copperhill and Pointer, Inc.R. N. Steven, McCrometerJ. W. Stuart, Stuart Gas Measurement ConsultingS. H. Taha, Experflow Measurement, Inc.D. E. Wiklund, Rosemount, Inc.viviiCORRESPONDENCE WITH THE MFC COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the con-sensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committeeby requesting i
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