ANSI ASME PALD-2009 Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Lifting Devices《便携式自动提升装置的安全标准》.pdf

1、Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Lifting DevicesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME PALD-2009(Revision of ASME PALD-2005)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLA

2、NKCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME PALD-2009(Revision of ASME PALD-2005)Safety Standardfor PortableAutomotiveLifting DevicesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDCopyright ASME Internat

3、ional Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: May 21, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2012. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written re

4、plies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or s

5、tandard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code

6、 or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does n

7、ot take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. User

8、s of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted

9、 asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document ma

10、y be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrint

11、ed in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viPreface viiSummary of Changes ixIntroduction 1General Requirements 3Part 1 Hydraulic Hand Jacks .

12、 5Part 2 Transmission Jacks . 9Part 3 Engine Stands . 13Part 4 Vehicle Support Stands. 16Part 5 Emergency Tire Changing Jacks . 20Part 6 Upright-Type Mobile Lifts . 25Part 7 Service Jacks. 27Part 8 Wheel Dollies 32Part 9 Shop Cranes . 35Part 10 Swing-Type Mobile Lifts 38Part 11 Scissors-Type Mobile

13、Lifts 40Part 12 Auxiliary Stands . 42Part 13 Automotive Ramps . 44Part 14 High-Reach Supplementary Stands 48Part 15 Forklift Jacks. 51Part 16 High-Reach Fixed Stands . 53Part 17 Vehicle Transport Lifts 57Part 18 Attachments, Adapters, and Accessories . 61Figures1-1 Typical Single-Stage Hydraulic Han

14、d Jack . 61-2 Typical Wheeled Pneumatic/Hydraulic Hand Jack . 71-3 Typical Pneumatic/Hydraulic Hand Jack 71-4 Typical Multiple-Stage Hydraulic Hand Jack . 82-1 Typical Hydraulic Transmission Jack . 102-2 Typical Pneumatic/Hydraulic Transmission Jacks 113-1 Typical “T”-Style Single-Post Engine Stand

15、143-2 Typical “H”-Style Single-Post Engine Stand 143-3 Typical Twin-Post Engine Stand . 144-1 Typical Vehicle Support Stands 174-2 Horizontal Dimensions and Vertical Heights for Stability Considerations . 184-3 Application of Load for Off-Center Load Test 194-4 Application of Load for Centered Load

16、Test . 19iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-5-1 Typical Screw Jack 205-2 Typical Bumper Jack 215-3 Typical Scissors Jack 215-4 Typical Frame Jack 225-5 Stability Test Compound Slop

17、e (Down Grade) . 245-6 Stability Test Compound Slope (Up Grade) 246-1 Typical Upright-Type Mobile Lift 257-1 Typical Hydraulic Service Jacks . 287-2 Typical Pneumatic/Hydraulic Service Jacks 297-3 Saddle Periphery Limits . 307-4 Saddle Periphery Test . 308-1 Typical Wheel Dollies . 339-1 Typical Sho

18、p Cranes 3610-1 Typical Swing-Type Mobile Lift 3811-1 Typical Scissors-Type Mobile Lift 4012-1 Typical Auxiliary Stands 4212-2 Application of Load for Proof Load Test . 4313-1 Typical Automotive Ramps . 4513-2 Typical Test Area for Off-Center Load Test . 4613-3 Typical Test Area for Proof Load Test

19、4714-1 Typical High-Reach Supplementary Stands 4814-2 Stability 4914-3 Proof Load Test . 5015-1 Typical Forklift Jack . 5116-1 Typical High-Reach Fixed Stand Saw Horse Type 5416-2 Typical High-Reach Fixed Stand Tripod Type 5516-3 Application of Load for Off-Center Load Test 5616-4 Application of Loa

20、d for Centered Load Test . 5617-1 Typical Vehicle Transport Lifts . 58Mandatory AppendixI References 63Nonmandatory AppendixA Metric Units Conversions . 64ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from

21、 IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThis ASME Standard, Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Lifting Devices, has beendeveloped under the procedures for ASME Codes and Standards development committees. ThisStandard had its beginning in June 1979 when the Jack Institute addressed the B30 Committeeon Cableways, Crane

22、s, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings. The Jack Institute requestedthe B30 Committee either to develop a standard for automotive jacks or to include this equipmentas part of the revision of B30.1, Jacks. The B30 Committee declined this request.As a result, the Jack Institute petitioned ANSI

23、in July 1979 for the formation of a committeeto promulgate safety and/or performance standards for portable automotive lifting devices,requesting the designation of ASME as sponsor of the project.In September 1979, ASMEs Policy Board, Codes and Standards, approved sponsorship of thecommittee to oper

24、ate under the procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI. Anominatingcommittee wasappointedto recommendaproposed membershiptothe ASMESafetyCodes and Standards Committee for approval. The membership was approved at the beginningof May 1980.TheinauguralmeetingoftheASMECommitteeonPortableAutom

25、otiveLiftingDevices(PALD)was held in July 1980. The committee determined that the format of this Standard would be suchthat separate volumes, each complete as to design, marking, identification, testing, operation,inspection, and maintenance, would cover the different types of equipment included in

26、the PALDscope. In the 1993 edition the various volumes were combined into one Standard with commonrequirements in one place and the information that is specific to a particular type of equipmentset out in succeeding Parts. This allowed for greater consistency in requirements and eliminatedredundancy

27、.The 1997 edition was a further revision and consolidation of the 1993 edition and includes aPart covering automotive ramps.The 2003 edition is a revision of the 1997 edition, and includes a Part covering forklift jacks.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to m

28、anufacturers,to government and other regulatory bodies, to municipal authorities, and to commercial usersresponsible for the inspection, maintenance, and instruction in the use of the equipment fallingwithin its scope.This edition of the Standard, which was approved by the ASME Committee on Portable

29、AutomotiveLiftingDevicesandbyASME,wasapprovedbyANSIanddesignatedasanAmericanNational Standard on September 19, 2005.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public health and safety. Revisions resultfrom committee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and chang

30、ingenvironmentalandindustryneeds.Revisionsdonotimplythatpreviouseditionswereinadequate.ASME PALD-2009 was approved by the American National Standards Institute onNovember 13, 2009.vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permit

31、ted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME PALD COMMITTEEPortable Automotive Lifting Devices(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSD. A. Alexander, ChairR. D. Claypool, Vice ChairT. W. Schellens, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PER

32、SONNELD. A. Alexander, Alexander Professional ServicesR. D. Claypool, Shinn Fu Co. of America, Inc.V. Fletcher, Blitz USAE. R. Garrastacho, Rally Manufacturing, Inc.K. S. Guerra, Sears Holdings Corp.V. J. Hakim, General Motors Vehicle Structure and SafetyIntegrationF. G. Heath, Heath however, they s

33、hould notcontain proprietary names orinformation.Requests that are not in this format will be rewrittenin this format by the Committee before being answered,viiiwhich may inadvertently change the intent of the origi-nal request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of anyinterpretation when or

34、 if additional information thatmight affect an interpretation is available. Further, per-sons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to thecognizant ASME committee or subcommittee. ASMEdoes not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” anyitem, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Copyr

35、ight ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME PALD-2009SUMMARY OF CHANGESFollowing approval by the ASME PALD Committee and ASME, and after public review,ASME PALD-2009 was approved by the Americ

36、an National Standards Institute on November13, 2009.ASME PALD-2009 includes the following changes identified by a margin note, (09).Page Location Change1 Introduction Purpose revised3, 4 General Requirements (1) Paragraphs 1.3, 2.1, and 2.2 revised(2) New section 5 added(3) Old section 5 redesignate

37、d as section65 1-2.3 Revised6 Fig. 1-1 Revised9 2-2 (1) Paragraph 2-2.4 revised(2) Paragraph 2-2.6 deleted andsubsequent paragraph redesignated11 Fig. 2-2 Revised13 3-2.2 Revised3-2.3 Revised3-2.4 Revised15 3-4 (1) New para. 3-4.1.3 added andsubsequent paragraphs redesignated(2) Newly redesignated 3

38、-4.1.4 revised16, 19 4-2.7 Revised4-3.1 (1) Subparagraph (e) revised(2) Subparagraph (g) added4-3.2 Subparagraph (a) revised4-4.1 Revised4-4.1.1 Revised20 5-1.2 Subparagraph (c) revised22 5-2 (1) Paragraph 5-2.1 revised(2) Paragraph 5-2.4 revised(3) Paragraph 5-2.6 deleted andsubsequent paragraph re

39、designated23 5-4.1.4 Revised24 Fig. 5-5 AddedFig. 5-6 AddedixCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page Location Change25 6-2 (1) Paragraph 6-2.3 revised(2) Paragraph 6-2.4 deleted andsu

40、bsequent paragraph redesignated6-2.5 Newly redesignated para. 6-2.5 revised27 7-2.3 Revised30 7-4 Title revised7-4.1.3(a) Footnote 1 revised31 7-4.1.5 Revised32 8-2.4 Revised8-3 Title revised34 8-4.1.1.1 Revised8-4.1.1.2 Revised35 9-2.4 Revised38 10-2.4 Revised40 11-2.4 Revised43 12-2.5 Revised12-4.

41、1.1 Revised47 13-4.1.2 Revised49 14-2.7 Revised14-3 Title revised50 14-4.1.1 Revised51, 52 15-2 (1) Paragraph 15-2.3 deleted(2) Newly redesignated 15-2.3 revisedand subsequent paragraphredesignated15-3.2 Title revised15-4.1.4 Revised15-4.1.5 Revised53 16-2.8 Revised56 16-4.1.2 Revised57, 59 17-1.3 R

42、evised17-2 (1) Paragraph 17-2.4 deleted(2) Newly redesignated paragraph 17-2.5revised and subsequent paragraphsredesignated60 17-4.1.3 RevisedxCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME

43、PALD-2009SAFETY STANDARD FOR PORTABLE AUTOMOTIVE LIFTINGDEVICESIntroductionSCOPEThe scope of this Standard is the standardization ofsafety and performance requirements for portable auto-motive lifting equipment including:(a) hydraulic hand jacks(b) transmission jacks(c) engine stands(d) vehicle supp

44、ort stands(e) emergency tire changing jacks(f) upright type mobile lifts(g) service jacks(h) wheel dollies(i) shop cranes(j) swing type mobile lifts(k) scissors type mobile lifts(l) auxiliary stands(m) automotive ramps(n) high reach supplementary stands(o) fork lift jacks(p) high reach fixed stands(

45、q) vehicle transport lifts(r) attachments, adapters, and accessoriesThis Standard may include requirements for safety,health, design, production, construction, maintenance,performance, or operation of equipment, and/or qualifi-cation of personnel.APPLICATIONThis Standard applies to the design, const

46、ruction,marking, operation, maintenance, and owner/operatorinspection of the portable automotive lifting deviceslisted previously, used during automotive service, main-tenance, and storage. Operation and maintenanceinstructions in this Standard are intended for generalapplication. The equipment manu

47、facturer or suppliershall be consulted for specific operating and mainte-nance instructions.This Standard does not apply to similar lifting devicesdesigned and manufactured for other commercial or1industrial use such as those within the scope ofASME B30.1, Jacks.PURPOSEThis Standard is designed to(a

48、) guard against and mitigate injury, and otherwiseprovide for the protection of life, limb, and property byprescribing safety requirements(b) provide direction to purchasers, owners, employ-ers, supervisors, and others concerned with, or responsi-ble for, its application(c) guide governmental and ot

49、her regulatory bodiesin the development, promulgation, and enforcement ofappropriate safety directivesDEFINITIONSadapter: a device attached to the lift platform of a PALDwhich is used to support and/or stabilize those compo-nents for which it is especially designed.alteration: any change to a PALD o