ANSI ASME PTC 40-1991 Flue Gas Desulfurization Units.pdf

1、ASME PTC*40 91 W 0759670 054 Desulfurization Flue Gas Desulfurization Units ASME PTC 40-1991 PERFORMANCE TEST CODES AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS United Engineering Center 345 East 47th Street New York, N.Y. 1001 7 Date of Issuance: January 31, 1992 This

2、document will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of the next edition, scheduled for 1996. There will be no Addenda issued to ASME PTC 40-1991. Please Note: ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspects of this document. The interpretations are

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9、duced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright O 1992 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. ASME PTC*YO 91 H 0759670 0543033 544 H FOREWORD (This Foreword is not part

10、of ASME PTC 40-1991.) When the twin issues of environmental protection and the need to assure a reliable supply of energy became important public concerns in the 1970s, the Board on Perform- ance Test Codes began to explore the possibility of addressing these concerns within the test code framework.

11、 As a result of these discussions, the PTC 40 Committee on Flue Gas Desulfurization units was organized in 1978; it held its first meeting in April 1979. The Committee faced considerable initial obstacles: there were no ASME PTC documents in this area, the technology was in the early stages of rapid

12、 development, and the boundary of the FGD equipment is to some extent a matter of definition. Nevertheless, in the next several years the PTC 40 Committee gradually evolved a systematic testing procedure for FGD units. The PTC 40 code draft was approved by the Board on Performance Test Codes on May

13、11, 1990. The Code was adopted by the American National Standards Institute as an American National Standard on March 19, 1991. All ASME codes are copyrighted, with all rights reserved to the Society. Reproduction of this or any other ASME code is a violation of Federal law. Legalities aside, the us

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18、preciated. 111 . ASME PTC*40 91 W 0759670 0543014 Y80 PERSONNEL OF PERFORMANCE TEST CODE COMMITTEE NO. 40 FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION UNITS (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.) OFFICERS R. W. Henry, Chairman G. W. Tracy, Vice-chairman G. Osolsobe, Sec

19、retary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL W. DePriest, Sargent and Lundy Engineers, Inc. (Babcock and Wilcox) E. R. Dille, Sargent and Lundy Engineers, Inc. (Burns and McDonnell, Inc.) (Past Chairman) R. W. Henry, Salt River Project M. G. Klett. GilbertfCommonwealth. Inc. J. N. Lacey, Utah Power and Light, Inc. K.

20、 W. Malki, CE Combustion Engineering, Inc. M. L. Meadows, Black and Veatch J. N. Seibel, Cincinnati Gas and Electric Co. G. W. Tracy, Joy Technologies, Inc. P. R. Westlin, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency B. A. Wrobel, Northern Indiana Public Service Co. The PTC 40 Committee wishes to acknowled

21、ge the contributions of the following past members: Lee J. Coe Stephen R. Meyer David R. Rabb V PERSONNEL OF BOARD OF PERFORMANCE TEST CODES OFFICERS J. S. Davis, Vice-president N. R. Deming, Vice-chairman COMMITTEE PERSONNEL A. F. Armor R. L. Bannister R. J. Biese J. A. Booth B. Bornstein H. G. Cri

22、m, Jr. J. S. Davis, Jr. N. R. Deming G. J. Gerber P. M. Gerhart R. Jorgensen D. R. Keyser W. G. McLean G. H. Mittendorf, Jr. R. E. Sommerlad J. W. Murdock S. P. Nuspl R. P. Perkins R. W. Perry A. L. Plumley C. B. Scharp J. W. Siegmund J. C. Westcott vi CONTENTS Foreword Standards Committee Roster O

23、Introduction 1 Object and Scope 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms 3 Guiding Principles 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement . 5 Computation of Results 6 Report of Results . 7 References Figures 1.1 FGDS Inputs and Outputs . 5.1 Typical FGDS . Tables 2.1 Constant Symbols and Terms 2.2 Varia

24、ble Terms . 5.1 Test Measurement Uncertainties and Effects Appendices A Types of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FCD) . B PTC 40 Test Method . C FGD Data Determination Forms . D Quantity Measurement of Solid Waste E Example Application . Figures B.l B.2 B.3 B.4 8.5 B.6 B.7 . III V 1 3 5 11 15 21 29 31 3 2

25、7 7 8 27 33 35 55 63 67 Particulate and SO. Emissions Sampling Train 36 Type S Pitot Tube Manometer Assembly 38 Configurations of a Properly Constructed Type S Pitot Tube . 39 Types of Face-Opening Misalignment . 40 Minimum Number of Traverse Points for Particulate Traverses . 43 Example Showing Cir

26、cular Stack Cross Section Divided Into 12 Equal Areas. With Location of Traverse Points Indicated . 44 Example Showing Rectangular Stack Cross Section Divided Into 12 Equal Areas. With a Traverse Point at Centroid of Each Area 45 vii D.1 Mass Balance Around the FCDS . D.2 The Weigh Scale Method E.l

27、Typical Lime/Limestone System E.2 Example Test Boundary Tables B.l Cross-Section Layout for Rectangular Stacks 6.2 Location of Traverse Points in Circular Stacks B.3 Particulate Field Data C.l Field Moisture Determination Data Form . C.2 Field Molecular Weight Determination Data Form . C.3 Field Cas

28、 Velocity Determination Data Form . C.4 Field SO, Determination Data Form C.6 Reagent Characterization C.5 Field Analysis for SO, Determination Data Form . 63 65 68 69 45 46 49 57 58 59 60 61 62 . v111 ASME PTC 40-1991 ASME PERFORMANCE TEST CODES Code on FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION UNITS SECTION O - IN

29、TRODUCTION 0.1 PURPOSE The purpose of this Code is to establish standard procedures for the conduct and reporting of perform- ance tests of flue gas desulfurization systems. This Code does not attempt to address desulfuri- zation processes occurring in conjunction with the combustion process (eg, re

30、agent addition into a fur- nace or steam generator). Desulfurization systems treating post-combustion furnace gases or other SO,- laden gas streams may utilize this Code. 0.2 STANDARD REFERENCES This Code complies with the provisions of the ASME Code on General Instructions (PTC I), and the ASME Cod

31、e on Definitions and Values (PTC 2). In addition, unless otherwise specified in this Code, all instrumentation shall comply with applicable provi- sions of the Supplements on Instruments and Appa- ratus (PTC 19 Series). 0.3 CONFLICTS WITH OTHER ASME CODES Should the specific directions given in this

32、 Code for any particular measurement differ from those given in other ASME Performance Test Codes for sim- ilar measurements, the instructions of this Code shall prevail, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties in- volved in the test. 0.4 UNITS All numerical values will be given simultaneously by

33、a primary system of units and, parenthetically, by a secondary system of units. US customary units will be the primary system. The SI units will be the sec- ondary system. 1 FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION UNITS SECTION 1 ASME PTC 40-1991 OBJECT AND SCOPE 1.1 OBJECT The object is to establish standard proc

34、edures for the conduct and reporting of performance tests of flue gas desulfurization systems. 1.2 SCOPE The performance of a flue gas desulfurization sys- tem (FGDS) is defined to be the characterization of inputs and outputs (see Fig. 1.1). This may include, but is not necessarily limited to, the

35、following: (a) percent SO, removal (%R) (6) Reagent Ratio (RRI or RRR) (c) energy/power consumption (dl water consumption and characterization (e) reagent consumption and characterization (0 waste/by-product production and characteriza- tion ( Availability and Reliability. Availability and reli- abi

36、lity of the FCDS are not within the scope of this Code. 1.3 TEST RESULTS UNCERTAINTY The physical configuration and the FGD process have a large influence on the uncertainty of the test results and are difficult to quantify. Under favorable conditions and with properly chosen instruments, un- certai

37、nties can be as low as the following: (a) percent SO, removal: t 6% (6) reagent ratio: 2 7% (c) energy/power consumption Energy/ Power Reagent Water Flue gas 1 FGDS I Flue gas . WastelBy-product FIG. 1.1 FGDS INPUTS AND OUTPUTS (7) electrical: ? 1% (2) thermal: -t 1% (3) mechanical: +.6% (d) water c

38、onsumption: +2% (e) reagent consumption: +8% (0 waste/by-product consumptlon: 22% In para. 5.6 the Code provides an example of the calculation of test uncertainty which the user should consult prior to running the test. 3 FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION UNITS SECTION 2 - DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF TER

39、MS 2.1 DEFINITIONS additive - substance added to a liquid or gas stream to cause a chemical or physical reaction to enhance the SO, sorption process. Other substancesxan be added, but for the purposes of this Code, only those mentioned above will be considered. alkalinity - capacity of an alkaline m

40、aterial to neu- tralize SO, alkalinity, reactive - determined by acid titration and expressed as moles of alkali per pound of material or as moles of alkali per mole of SO, (absorbed or inlet). alkalinity, total (to be distinguished from reactive al- kalinity) - theoretical expression determined fro

41、m a chemical analysis of the material by-product - material generated in removing SO, from the FGDS, which has commercial value consumption, energylpower - compilation of all en- ergy/power inputs to the FGDS consumption, water - water added to the FGDS efficiency %R) - ratio of removed SO, to input

42、 SO, effluent - stream exiting the FGDS, whether solid, liquid, or gas entrainment - suspension of liquid droplets in the flue gas stream flue gas - gaseous products of combustion Flue Gas Desulfurization System (FGDS) - the pro- cess and equipment employed to remove sulfur ox- ides from flue gas or

43、 other sulfur oxide-laden gas stream. This may include any process or equipment required for the conversion of the sulfur oxides to an essentially non-volatile sulfur species for disposal or other use. This gas stream is typically generated by the combustion of fossil fuels, but may include other ga

44、s streams (e.let Basis (RRI) - normally used in wet scrubbing processes RRI = Moles of Reactive Alkali Added Moles of SO, In Reagent Ratio, Removal Basis (RRR) - normally used in spray drying processes RRR = Moles of Reactive Alkali Added Moles of SO, Removed reheat (stack gas) - heat addition proce

45、ss by which the outlet flue gas temperature of the absorber is in- creased run - throughout this Code, the word “run“ is ap- plied only to a subdivision of the test. A run consists of a complete set of observations and recorded data taken.at regular intervals, made for a period of time with the, ind

46、ependent variables maintained constant 5 ASME PTC 40-1991 within the variations permitted by the parties to the test slurry - mixture of liquid and suspended solids standard conditions - defined as 68F (20C) for temperature and 29.92 in. Hg (760 mm Hg) for at- mospheric pressure steady state - condi

47、tion of the system when tran- sients (e.g., pressure, temperature, concentration, flowrate, etc.) in the system have dampened out and the system is in chemical and thermodynamic equi- librium temperature, adiabatic saturation - for a given mix- ture of gas and vapor, temperature below which no more

48、vapor can be added at specified conditions (partial pressure of vapor is equal to vapor pressure of the liquid at the gas-vapor mixture temperature) temperature, approach to adiabatic saturation - dif- ference between the actual temperature of a given gas-vapor mixture and the adiabatic saturation t

49、em- perature of that gas-vapor mixture test - throughout this Code the word “test“ is ap- plied only to the entire performance evaluation waste - material generated in removing SO, from the FGDS, which has no commercial value, and which requires disposal FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION UNITS 2.2 DESCRIPTIONS OF TERMS 2.2.1 Constant Terms. The terms shown in Table 2.1 are defined in three different sets of units. The Inter- national Metric System (SI) units are provided where applicable; and two systems commonly used by in- dustry and testing personnel are also used: metric customary units (