ANSI ASME PTC6A-2000 Appendix A to PTC 6 the Test Code for Steam Turbines《附录A到PTC 6.蒸气轮机用试验代码》.pdf

1、PUC 6“ Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-ASME PTC 6A-2000 Revision of ANSVASME PTC 6A-1982 (R1988)I Appendix A to PTC 6, TheTest Code for Steam lurimes Copyright ASME International Prov

2、ided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Date of Issuance: July 2, 2001 This document will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of the next edition. There will be no Addenda issued to ASME PTC 6A-2000. Please not

3、e: ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspects of this document. PTC 6A-2000 is being issued with an automatic subscription service to the interpretations that will be issued to it up to the publication of the 2005 edition. ASME is a registered trademark o

4、f The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned int

5、erests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse”

6、any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement

7、 of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency represe

8、ntativek) or personb) affiliated with industry is not to be interpre- ted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of inter

9、pretations by individuals. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright O 2001 by THE AM

10、ERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-FOREWORD ASME Performance Test Code 6 on Steam Turbines (PTC 6-1 996) stat

11、es that numerical examples of corrections to test performance for the effect of deviations of operating condi- tions from those specified are given in a separate publication of the PTC 6 Committee. This Appendix, PTC 6A, Sample Calculations, fulfills the Committees obligation as stated in the Code.

12、The 1996 version of the Steam Turbines (PTC 6) incorporates the Interim Test Code for an Alternative Procedure for Testing Steam Turbines (PTC 6.1 -1 984) with the 1976 version of the Test Code. This Appendix provides sample calculations using both methods for a reheat regenerative cycle turbine. In

13、 addition, sample calculations have been added for a non-reheat regenerative cycle turbine, an automatic extraction condensing cycle turbine, a refurbished low pressure turbine, and determination of the coefficient of discharge of a throat-tap nozzle. Instrumentation listed has been updated to refle

14、ct those currently used. This newly revised Appendix to the Test Code, now named Appendix A to Test Code for Steam Turbines, PTC 6A-2000, was approved by the Board on Performance Test Codes on July 14, 2000. It was approved as an American National Standard by the Board of Standards Review on Novembe

15、r 17, 2000. All ASME codes are copyrighted, with all rights reserved to the Society. Reproduction of this or any other ASME code is a violation of Federal Law. Legalities aside, the user should appreciate that the publishing of the high-quality codes that have typified ASME documents requires a subs

16、tantial commitment by the Society. Thousands of volunteers work diligently to develop these codes, participating on their own or with a sponsors assistance to produce documents that meet the requirements of an ASME consensus standard. The codes are very valuable pieces of literature to industry and

17、commerce, and the effort to improve these living documents and develop additional needed codes must be continued. The monies spent for research and further code development, administrative staff support, and publication are essential and constitute a substantial drain on ASME. The purchase price of

18、these documents helps offset these costs. User reproduction under- mines this system and represents an added financial drain on ASME. When extra copies are needed, you are requested to call or write the ASME Order Department, 22 Law Drive, Box 2300, Fairfield, New Jersey 07007-2300, and ASME will ex

19、pedite delivery of such copies to you by return mail. Please instruct your people to buy required test codes rather than copy them. Your cooperation in this matter is greatly appreciated. . III Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or netwo

20、rking permitted without license from IHS-,-NOTICE All Performance Test Codes MUST adhere to the requirements of PTC 1, GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. The following information is based on that document and is included here for emphasis and for the convenience of the user of this Code. It is expected that the

21、 Code user is fully cognizant of Parts i and III of PTC 1 and has read them prior to applying this Code. ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures which yield results of the highest level of accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available. They were

22、 developed by balanced committees representing all concerned interests. They specify procedures, instrumentation, equipment operating requirements, calculation methods, and uncertainty analysis. When tests are run in accordance with this Code, the test results themselves, without adjustment for unce

23、rtainty, yield the best available indication of the actual performance of the tested equipment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results to contractual guarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commercial test agree before starting the test and p

24、referably before signing the contract on the method to be used for comparing the test results to the contractual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any code to determine or interpret how such comparisons shall be made. V Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for

25、ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-PERSONNEL OF PERFORMANCE TEST CODE COMMITTEE NO. 6 ON STEAM TURBINES (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Appendix.) OFFICERS Bezalel Bornstein, Chair Edwin j. Brailey, Ir., Vice Chair J

26、ack H. Karian, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL Paul C. Albert, General Electric Co. John A. Booth, General Electric Co. (retired) Bezalel Bornstein, Consultant Edwin j. Brailey, Jr., Stowe Engineering Corp. Thomas M. Brown, Ontario Power Generation Norman R. Deming, Westinghouse Electric Corp. (retire

27、d) Arturo J. Egli, ABB Alstom Power Generation Alfonso V. Fajardo, Ir., Siemens Power Group Christopher J. Haynes, New England Power Co. Dale C. Karg, Santee Cooper Jack H. Karian, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Charles H. Kostors, Elliott Turbomachinery Co., Inc., Ebara Group Joseph S. La

28、mberson, Dresser-Rand Co. Randall W. Moll, Alternate, Dresser-Rand Co. James B. Nystrom, Alden Research Laboratory Surinder S. Sandhu, Consultant Charles B. Scharp, Baltimore Gas and Electric Co. (retired) Kevin Stone, Alternate, General Electric Company Einar J. Sundstrom, Dow Chemical USA (retired

29、) Leif Svenson, Alternate, Santee Cooper Jason A. Zoller, Black ,;i,. . .n Sequence Make-up water admitted to the condensate system Packing leak-off (shaft or valve stems) GENERAL NOTE: The subscripts in this section apply only to Fig. 2.1. NOTE: (1) It may be necessary to correct for pressure drop

30、in piping between reheat or low pressure stop valves, intercept valves, steam dump valves, and turbine shell if such piping is not furnished under the turbine contract. 5 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without

31、 license from IHS-,-ASME PTC 6A-2000 APPENDIX A TO PTC 6, THE TEST CODE FOR STEAM TURBINES 135 (a)Turbines Operating Predominantly in the Superheated Steam Region . ,O- - - - / 8 / / t t O*-. / / /- 6 L S L s (b) Turbines Operating Predominantly in the Wet-Steam Region Without Reheat (c)Turbines Ope

32、rating Predominantly in the Wet-Steam Region With Reheat FIG. 2.1 TEMPERATURE-ENTROPY DIAGRAMS 6 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-APPENDIX A TO PTC 6, THE TEST CODE FOR STEAM TURBINES

33、ASME PTC 6A-2000 2.4 DEFINITIONS e Units Term Definition us. Customary SI Steam rate Heat rate Valve-loop curve Steam consumption per hour per unit output in which the turbine is charged with the steam quantity supplied. Ibm/kWhr Ibm/hp-hr kg/kJ kg/kWh Note (l) kg/kJ kg/kWh Note (l) Heat consumption

34、 per hour per unit output. The turbine is charged with the aggregate enthalpy Note (2) of the steam supplied plus any chargeable aggregate enthalpy added by the reheaters. It is credited with the aggregate enthalpy of feedwater returned from the cycle to the steam generator. Turbine-generator perfor

35、mance may be defined on the basis of the gross power output at the generator terminals less the power used by the minimum electrically driven turbine auxiliaries and excitation equipment, supplied as part of the turbine-generator unit, required for reliable and continuous operation. Btu/kWhr Btu/hp-

36、hr The continuous curve of actual heat rate for all values of output over the operating range of the unit. J/J kJ/kWh Note (1 )I J/J k)/kWh Note (1 )I Mean of the valve loops For partial admission turbines, a smooth curve which gives the same load-weighted average performance as the valve-loop curve

37、 Maximum control valve opening obtainable under nor- Valves wide open (VWO) Valve points .- mal turbine control system operation. Valve positions that correspond to the low points of the valve-loop curve. Locus curve The continuous curve connecting the valve points. Power The useful energy, per uni

38、t of time, delivered by the turbine or turbine-generator unit. hp-hr/hr or k W h r/h r kWh/hr NOTES: (1) These are tolerated non-SI units. (2) Aggregate enthalpy: Product of enthalpy, Btu/lbm(kJ/kg) and flow rate, Ibm/hr(kg/h); Btu/hr(kJ/h). 7 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under licen

39、se with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-ASME PTC 6A-2000 2.5 SI UNITS CONVERSION TABLE APPENDIX A TO PTC 6, THE TEST CODE FOR STEAM TURBINES Quantity SI Units Conversion Factor Heat rate Steam rate Mass flow rate Pressure Tem peratu re Differentia

40、l Density Enthalpy Entropy Specific heat Length Area Volume Velocity temperature J/J kJ/kWh Note (1 )1 kg/kJ kg/kWh Note (1 )1 kg/s kPa bar Note (i) K OC Note (111 K kg/m3 klkg kJ/(kgK) kJ/(kgK) m m2 m3 m/s 2.9307 x x (Btu/kWhr) 1 .O5506 x (Btu/kWhr) 1.260 x x (Ibm/kWhr) 0.4536 x (Ibm/kWhr) 1.260 x

41、1 O-4 x (Ibm/hr) 6.8948 x (psi) 0.068948 x (psi) (OF + 459.67M.8 (OF - 32)/1.8 “F/1.8 16.01 8 x (Ibm/t3) 2.3260 x (Btu/lbm) 4.1868 x (Btu/lbmoR) 4.1 868 x (Btu/lbmoR) 0.3048 x (fi) 0.092903 x (fi2) 0.0283 17 x (fi3) 0.3048 x (fVsec) GENERAL NOTE: For temperature differentials “K” must be used. NOTE:

42、 (i 1 This value is a tolerated non-Si unit. 8 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-APPENDIX A TO PTC 6, THE TEST CODE FOR STEAM TURBINES ASME PTC 6A-2000 SECTION 3 - GUIDANCE FOR A COMPAR

43、ISON OF TEST RESULTS 3.1 INTRODUCTION Section 5 of the Code contains a general descrip- tion of the computation of test performance for the various types of turbines. It recognizes the necessity to correct test performance for the effect of deviations from specified operating conditions so the as-te

44、sted turbine performance can be compared to the design or specified turbine performance on the basis of equivalent cycle and steam conditions. Reference to this Appendix for numerical examples of the corrections involved is made in para. 5.1 of the Code. The purpose of this Section is to provide a b

45、etter understanding of the numerical examples by describ- ing how the corrections to test results are made. 3.2 CORRECTION OF THE TEST RESULTS TO a SPECIFIED CONDITIONS This procedure corrects the test performance for the influence of off-design steam and cycle condi- tions so that the test turbine

46、performance can be compared to the specified turbine Performance on the basis of an equivalent cycle. The calculated test performance is recalculated, substituting specified steam and cycle conditions for test steam and cycle conditions while maintaining test turbine efficiency. The corrected test c

47、ycle is now comparable with the specified cycle. The specified performance remains unchanged, which is particularly appropriate when the specified performance is associated with a turbine performance guarantee. Some of the steam and cycle conditions that are apt to differ from specified values durin

48、g a test of a fossil-fueled unit, despite efforts to influence the controllable ones, are as follows: (a) Controllable Items (7) Pressure of steam supplied to the turbine (2) Temperature of steam supplied to the turbine (3) Temperature of reheated steam returned to (4) Low pressure turbine exhaust p

49、ressure (un- the turbine controllable if higher than the specified value) (5) Make-up feedwater flow rate (7) Pressure drop of steam through the reheater (2) Reheater desuperheating water flow rates (3) Superheater desuperheating water flow rate, of no concern if taken downstream from the top heater (4) Steam flow rate for some auxiliary uses (5) Extraction line pressure drops