1、Designation: D3299 10 An American National StandardStandard Specification forFilament-Wound Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset ResinCorrosion-Resistant Tanks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3299; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3、1. Scope1.1 This specification covers cylindrical tanks fabricated byfilament winding for above-ground vertical installation, tocontain aggressive chemicals at atmospheric pressure as clas-sified herein, and made of a commercial-grade polyester orvinylester resin. Included are requirements for mater
4、ials,properties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances,workmanship, and appearance.1.2 This specification does not cover the design of vesselsintended for pressure above atmospheric, vacuum conditions,except as classified herein, or vessels intended for use withliquids heated above their flas
5、h points.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.NOTE 1Special design consideration should be given to vesselssubject to supe
6、rimposed mechanical forces, such as earthquakes, windload, or agitation, and to vessels subject to service temperature in excessof 180F (82C), and to vessels with unsupported bottoms.NOTE 2There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest
7、 method portion, Section 11, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulat
8、ory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance ofThermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedStructures Intended for Liquid ServiceC582 Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced Thermo-setting Plastic (RTP) Laminate
9、s for Corrosion-ResistantEquipmentD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time HydraulicPressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsD2150 Specification for Woven Roving Glass Fabric forPolyester-Glass Laminat
10、es (Withdrawn 1987)3D2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plas-tics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD2996 Specification for Filament-Wound “Fiberglass(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) PipeD2997 Specification for Cent
11、rifugally Cast “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) PipeD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4024 Specification for Machine Made “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) FlangesD5421 Specification for Contact Molded “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
12、 Thermosetting Resin) FlangesF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 ANSI Standards:B 16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class25, 125, 250, and 80043. Terminology3.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Terminolo-gies D883 and F412, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 f
13、ilament-woundas applied to tanks, a process in whichthe principal circumferential load-bearing reinforcement isapplied by continuous filament winding.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPl
14、astic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3299 08. DOI:10.1520/D3299-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
15、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd
16、 St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.3 contact moldinga molding process that includes “handlay-up,” “
17、spray-up,” or a combination of these manufacturingprocesses.4. Classification4.1 Tanks meeting this specification are classified accordingto type as follows, and it is the responsibility of the purchaserto specify the requirement for Type II tanks, the operatingpressure or vacuum levels, and the saf
18、ety factor required forexternal pressure. Absence of a designation of type requiredshall imply that Type I is adequate.4.1.1 Type IAtmospheric pressure tanks vented directly tothe atmosphere, designed for pressure no greater or lower thanatmospheric.4.1.2 Type IIAtmospheric pressure tanks vented dir
19、ectlyinto a fume conservation system, and designed to withstand thespecified positive and negative pressure not to exceed 14 in.(355.6 mm) of water when all tie-down lugs are properlysecured, in accordance with the fabricators recommendationsfor flat-bottom tanks.4.2 Tanks meeting this specification
20、 are classified accordingto grade as follows:4.2.1 Grade 1Tanks manufactured with a single generictype of thermoset resin throughout.4.2.2 Grade 2Tanks manufactured with different generictypes of thermoset resin in the barrier and the structuralportion.NOTE 3The external corrosive environment due to
21、 spillage orcorrosive vapors should be considered when specifying Grade 2 tanks (see7.1.3.3).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 ResinThe resin used shall be a commercial-grade,corrosion-resistant thermoset that has either been evaluated ina laminate by test in accordance with 11.3 or that has beendeter
22、mined by previous documented service to be acceptablefor the service conditions. Where service conditions have notbeen evaluated, a suitable resin also may be selected byagreement between fabricator and purchaser.5.1.1 The resin shall contain no pigment, dyes, colorants, orfiller, except as follows:
23、5.1.1.1 A thixotropic agent that does not interfere withvisual inspection of laminate quality, or with the requiredcorrosion resistance of the laminate, may be added for viscos-ity control.NOTE 4The addition of a thixotropic agent may reduce the resistanceof many resin systems to certain corrosive c
24、hemical environments. It is theresponsibility of the fabricator, using a thixotropic agent in the resinrequired for 7.1.1 and 7.1.2, to ascertain its compatibility with thecorrosive environment when this has been reported to him by thepurchaser.5.1.1.2 Resin pastes used to fill crevices before overl
25、ay shallnot be subject to the limitations of 5.1.1.5.1.1.3 Resin may contain pigment, dyes, or colorants whenagreed upon between fabricator and purchaser.NOTE 5The addition of pigment, dyes, or colorants may interfere withvisual inspection of laminate quality.5.1.1.4 Ultraviolet absorbers may be add
26、ed to the exteriorsurface for improved weather resistance, if agreed upon be-tween fabricator and purchaser.5.1.1.5 Antimony compounds or other fire-retardant agentsmay be added to halogenated resins for improved fireresistance, if agreed upon between fabricator and purchaser.NOTE 6Because the addit
27、ion of fire-retardant agents may interferewith visual inspection of laminate quality, they should not be used in theinner surface (7.1.1) or interior layer (7.1.2) unless their functionaladvantages would outweigh the loss of visual inspection.5.2 Reinforcement:5.2.1 Chopped-Strand MatChopped-strand
28、mat shall beconstructed from chopped commercial-grade E-type glassstrands bonded together using a binder. The strands should betreated with a sizing that is chemically compatible with theresin system used.NOTE 7The selection of the particular chopped-strand mat is depen-dent upon the performance cha
29、racteristics required of the finished productand upon the processing techniques to be used.5.2.2 Continuous RovingContinuous roving shall be acommercial-grade of E-type glass fiber with a sizing that ischemically compatible with the resin system used.5.2.3 Nonwoven Biaxial or Unidirectional FabricTh
30、eseproducts shall be a commercial Grade of E-type glass fiber witha sizing that is chemically compatible with the resin systemused.5.2.4 Woven RovingWoven roving shall be in accordancewith Specification D2150.5.2.5 Surface MatThe reinforcement used for the innersurface (7.1.1) shall be either a comm
31、ercial-grade chemicalresistant glass surface mat or an organic-fiber surface mat. Inenvironments that attack glass, the use of an organic-fibersurface mat is required.6. Design Requirements6.1 Filament-Wound LaminatesDesign for InternalPressureThe maximum allowable stress of the total laminate(that
32、is, filament winding plus the corrosion barrier, which ismade up of the inner surface (7.1.1) and interior layer (7.1.2)shall be limited by the allowable movement (strain) of the tankwall when filled with fluid.6.1.1 The allowable strain of the tank wall shall not exceed0.0010 in./in. (mm/mm) at 70F
33、 (21C).6.1.2 Tanks shall have a longitudinal strength at least equalto that of a helically wound tank having a maximum angle ofwind of 80 (measured from the tank axis, that is, 90 is hoopwinding). For reference, the longitudinal tensile strength of atypical 80 helical winding is approximately 2200 p
34、si (15,168kPa).6.1.3 Hoop Design:6.1.3.1 Normal Service (Structural Corrosion Barrier)When the product to be stored in the tank causes little or nodegradation to the selected resin, the minimum required wallthickness shall be in accordance with Eq 1.6.1.3.2 Severe Service (Non-Structural CorrosionBa
35、rrier)When the product to be stored in the tank may causedegradation of the resin over time and with the agreement ofD3299 102the purchaser, the minimum required wall thickness of the tankshall be determined in accordance with Eq 2.tT50.036*H*D2*ET*Z(1)orStT50.2489*H*D2*ET*ZDtT5 tCB10.036*H*D2*EFW*Z
36、(2)orStT5 tCB10.2489*H*D2*EFW*ZDwhere:tT= total thickness, in. (mm),tCB= thickness of the corrosion barrier, in. (mm),H = fluid head, in. (mm), = specific gravity of fluid,D = inside diameter of tank, in. (mm).ET= hoop tensile modulus of the total laminate (seeAppendix X3), psi (kPa),EFW= hoop tensi
37、le modulus of the filament winding onlypsi (kPa), andZ = allowable strain in accordance with 6.1.2.6.1.3.3 The minimum total thickness of the tank shall be0.1875 in. (4.76 mm).NOTE 8The use of an accepted analytical technique, such as laminatedplate theory (LPT), for design and analysis of composite
38、 vessels maypredict stresses, strains, and strength on a ply-by-ply basis, given somebasic lamina properties.NOTE 9Tanks for installation outdoors shall be designed for the effectof wind loading and other environmental factors in accordance with sounddesign practice, including tank buckling analysis
39、.NOTE 10Tanks with significant physical loadings other than fluidhead (such as side-mounted equipment, violent agitation, unusually highflow rates, and unsupported bottoms) shall be given special designconsideration.6.2 Design for External Pressure:6.2.1 Cylindrical ShellsFor cylindrical shell, comp
40、ute thevalue 1.73 (Do/t)0.5. If the result is less than L/Doof thecylinder, compute Paas follows:Pa5 2.6E/F!Do/L!t/Do!2.5(3)If the result is greater than L/Doof the cylinder, compute Paas follows:Pa52.6E/F!Do/L!t/Do!2.5L/Do! 2 0.45 t/Do!0.5(4)where:Do= outside diameter, in. (mm),E = lower of hoop te
41、nsile modulus or axial tensile modulus,psi (kPa),F = design factor = 5,L = design length, in., of a vessel section, taken as thelargest of the following: (a) the distance betweenhead-tangent lines plus one-third the depth of eachformed head if there are no stiffening rings (excludingconical heads an
42、d sections); (b) the distance betweencone-to-cylinder junctions for vessels with a cone orconical heads if there are no stiffening rings; (c) thegreatest center-to-center distance between any twoadjacent stiffening rings; (d) the distance from thecenter of the first stiffening ring to the formed hea
43、dtangent line plus one-third the depth of the formed head(excluding conical heads and sections), all measuredparallel to the axis of the vessel; (e) the distance fromthe first stiffening ring in the cylinder to the cone-to-cylinder junction,Pa= allowable external pressure, psi (kPa), andt = wall thi
44、ckness, in. (mm) (nominal).6.2.2 Torispherical HeadsFor torispherical heads, com-pute the allowable external pressure Paas follows:Pa5 0.36E/F!t/Ro!2(5)where:Ro= outside crown radius of head, in. (mm).6.2.2.1 For torispherical heads subject to internal loading,the knucle radius shall be externally r
45、einforced in accordancewith Fig. 1. The reinforcement thickness shall be equal to thethickness of the head as calculated above. The thickness of ajoint overlay near the knucle radius tangent line of a dishedhead contributes to the knucle reinforcement.6.2.3 Stiffening RingsThe required moment of ine
46、rtia, Is,of a circumferential stiffening ring for cylindrical shells underexternal pressure or internal vacuum shall not be less than thatdetermined by the following formula:Is5 PLsDo3F/24Eh(6)FIG. 1 Jointed Head DetailSketch AD3299 103where:Do= shell outside diameter, in. (mm),Eh= hoop tensile modu
47、lus, psi (kPa),F = design factor = 5,Is= moment of inertia, in.4(mm4), of stiffener and effectivelength of shell,Ls= one-half of the distance from the centerline of thestiffening ring to the next line of support on one side,plus one-half of the centerline distance to the next lineof support on the o
48、ther side of the stiffening ring, bothmeasured parallel to the axis of the cylinder, in. A lineof support is the following: (a) a stiffening ring thatmeets the requirements of this paragraph; (b) a circum-ferential line on a head at one-third the depth of thehead from the head tangent line; (c) a co
49、ne-to-cylinderjunction, andP = actual external pressure, psi (kPa).Typical half-round stiffener sizes and dimensions for differ-ent values of Isare shown in Fig. 2. Other stiffener profilesmeeting the required moment of inertia may be used.6.3 Contact Molded LaminatesPortions of the tank, suchas joints, heads, nozzles, and supports, may be fabricated bycontact molding. Contact-molded laminates shall satisfy theminimum property requirements listed in Specification C582,as shown in Table 1.6.3.1 Top HeadThe top head, reg
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