1、Designation: D4325 13Standard Test Methods forNonmetallic Semi-Conducting and Electrically InsulatingRubber Tapes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4325; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the
3、methods and proceduresfor testing electrically insulating and semi-nonmetallic con-ducting rubber tapes designed for splicing, terminating, andsheath repair of electrical wire and cable.1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:SectionReferenced Documents 2Conditioning 5-6Dielectric Stre
4、ngth 3540Dimensions 1116Dissipation Factor 2226Elongation 1721Heat Exposure 4649Fusion 710Ozone Resistance 4145Permittivity 2226Sample Requirements 4Tensile Strength 1721Volume Resistivity 2734Ultraviolet and Weather Resistance 50541.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The
5、 values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1There is no IEC equivalent to these methods.1.4 Unless otherwise stated, measurements are made ontapes from which the removable separator has bee
6、n removed.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For
7、specificprecaution statements see 43.1.1.6 This is a fire-test response standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Ch
8、aracteristics and Permit-tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lation (Withdrawn 2013)3D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic Ela
9、stomersTensionD470 Test Methods for Crosslinked Insulations and Jacketsfor Wire and CableD750 Practice for Rubber Deterioration Using ArtificialWeathering ApparatusD4388 Specification for Nonmetallic Semi-Conducting andElectrically Insulating Rubber TapesD4496 Test Method for D-C Resistance or Condu
10、ctance ofModerately Conductive MaterialsE591 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Ozone43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 fusion, nthat property of rubber tape which causesadjacent layers of tape to become bonded (amalga
11、mated) oradhered together when the tape is stretched and wound uponitself in layers.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials
12、.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4325 08. DOI:10.1520/D4325-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B
13、ook of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.*A Summary of Ch
14、anges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SAMPLING4. Sample and Specimen Requirements4.1 Unless otherwise required by the detailed productspecifications, take the rubber tapes at
15、random from eachshipment as follows:Number of Rollsin ShipmentNumber of SampleRolls50 to 200 2201 to 500 3501 to 1000 41001 to 5000 54.2 For shipments in excess of 5000 rolls, take one addi-tional roll for each additional 1000 rolls or fraction thereof.4.3 A shipment consists of material shipped or
16、intended forshipment to a customer and covered by one bill of lading.4.4 Test each sample roll in conformance to all requirementsof the specification.4.5 All test methods in this standard are intended to producea single value for a single roll. Any reference to averaging ofmeasurements refers to tes
17、t averaging on a single roll and notto the average of all sample rolls.4.6 Remove and discard at least 610 mm (24 in.) of the outerlayer of each roll before taking test specimens.4.7 Remove the test specimen from the roll at a slow,uniform rate without jerking.CONDITIONING5. Significance and Use5.1
18、The physical and electrical properties, including breakstrength, elongation, dielectric strength, dissipation factor,permittivity, fusion, etc., will vary with temperature andmoisture content. Control the temperature and moisture contentof the sample for these test methods to yield consistent andrep
19、roducible results.6. Procedure6.1 For referee purposes, subject the rolls to standardatmospheric conditions of 23 6 2 C (73.4 6 3.6 F) and 50 62 % relative humidity for a minimum period of 16 h beforespecimens are removed for test.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, condition all test specimensfor a per
20、iod of 1 h and conduct the tests in a standard laboratoryatmosphere at 23 6 2 C (73.4 6 3.6 F) and 50 6 2 % relativehumidity.FUSION7. Significance and Use7.1 Fusion is responsible for holding the tape in place toform a permanent compressive force about a conductor orinsulator in actual application.8
21、. Apparatus8.1 Winding FixtureThe winding fixture is designed tohold a metal rod at each end and is fitted with a crank or otherdevice to rotate the rod to allow the specimen to be woundthereon. Attach the fixture to a rigid support with the rod heldin a horizontal position.8.2 RodsAny suitable meta
22、l of 3-mm (0.125-in.) diameterand a minimum of 229 mm (9.0 in.) in length.8.3 Rule, graduated in inches, 762-mm (30-in.) minimumlength.8.4 Rule, graduated in 0.4 mm (164 in.).8.5 Razor Blades.8.6 Board, with 3-mm (0.125-in.) diameter holes spacedabout 50 mm (2 in.) apart on its surface to provide a
23、base forsupporting the rods in a near-vertical position.9. Procedure9.1 Prepare three specimens by cutting three strips of tape280 mm (11 in.) in length from the sample roll selected andconditioned in accordance with Sections 46. Prepare andwind specimens in a manner that prevents oils or otherconta
24、minants from getting on the bonding surface of the tape.9.2 Mount the rod horizontally in the winding fixture.9.3 Attach the strip of tape near one end of the rod bywinding the strip upon itself using 25 mm (1 in.) of the tape.Place the 762-mm (30-in.) rule next to the 254-mm (10-in.)tape strip. Str
25、etch the tape strip to the desired length corre-sponding to percent elongation as specified in the productspecification (Specification D4388, Table 1).9.4 Move the tape to the proper angle and rotate the rod sothat the tape is wrapped on the rod with a one-half lap for alength of 178 mm (7.0 in.). M
26、aintain enough hand pressure atthe end of the tape strip as it is wound around the mandrel toensure that it does not retract from its original elongationduring the winding process. Care must be taken to avoid usingso much hand pressure as to further stretch the tape as it iswound.9.5 Change the angl
27、e of the tape and repeat the procedure in9.4 winding back toward the start of the first wrap so that thesecond one-half overlap wrap is wound over the first wrap toprovide a four layer build-up of tape.9.6 After the final wrap, maintain constant pressure on thetape strip and score the tape with a ne
28、w razor blade at the topof the rod, parallel to the rod. Break the tape on the score line,removing the tab. Remove the test specimen from the fixtureand roll the specimen so formed between the palm of the handsfor 5 to 10 s, being sure to roll up or down the entire length ofthe specimen. This comple
29、tes the preparation of the testspecimen.9.7 Insert the wrapped specimen in the holes in the base ofthe board and allow them to condition at 23.0 6 2 C (73.4 63.6 F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity for 24 h. At the end ofthis period, if there is any flagging (end-lifting) of the tape,measure the lengt
30、h of the flag to the nearest 0.4 mm (164 in.),taking care not to cause additional unwrapping in the measur-ing operation Record the maximum, minimum and averagelength of the flag.D4325 13210. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification of the tape tested, and10.1.2 Pass or fail
31、 depending on the requirements outlinedin the product specification (see Specification D4388).DIMENSIONSLENGTH, WIDTH, ANDTHICKNESS11. Significance and Use11.1 Measurements of length, width, and thickness arenecessary to ensure a customer is receiving the correct quantityof tape. The thickness measu
32、rement is of particular value incontrolling uniformity and providing design criteria, as well asbeing used in the measurement of physical and electricalproperties.12. Apparatus12.1 Steel Rule, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.4 mm(164 in.).12.2 Thickness GageA dead weight dial micrometer aspres
33、cribed in Method C of Test Methods D374, with thefollowing modifications:12.2.1 A micrometer with graduations to 0.01 mm (0.001in).12.2.2 A micrometer with a presser foot 6.35 6 0.25 mm(0.25 6 0.01 in.) in diameter exerting a total force of 2.50 60.03 N (10.0 6 0.1 oz) force.12.2.3 Calibrate the gag
34、e for the actual load exerted by thepresser foot.13. Test Specimen13.1 Select and condition the tape and specimen in accor-dance with Sections 46.14. Procedure14.1 Length DeterminationUnwind the tape and separatorfrom the roll, place it on a hard smooth surface, and measurethe length to the nearest
35、0.4 mm (164 in.).14.2 ThicknessPlace the insulation surface against theanvil of the gage with the separator side up holding the samplein a manner such that it is smooth, yet not under tension. Lowerthe presser foot onto the tape in accordance with Test MethodsD374, allowing it to rest upon the tape
36、for 2 s, and observe thereading on the dial. Take five measurements uniformly distrib-uted over the length of the tape specimen. Report the averagethickness to the nearest 0.005 mm (0.0002 in.).14.3 WidthPlace the test specimen, after conditioning, ona hard smooth surface. Measure the width perpendi
37、cular to theedge with the steel scale to the nearest 0.40 mm (164 in.).15. Report15.1 Report the following information:15.1.1 Identification of the tape tested, and15.1.2 Report the thickness, length, and width measured inaccordance with the procedures outlined above.16. Precision and Bias16.1 Preci
38、sionThis test method has been in use for manyyears, but no information has been presented to ASTMInternational upon which to base a statement of precision. Noactivity has been planned to develop such information.16.2 BiasThis test method has no bias because the valuesare determined solely in terms o
39、f this test method itself.TENSILE STRENGTH AND ELONGATION17. Significance and Use17.1 The tensile strength of the tape is an important measureof uniformity, quality, and ability to withstand stress in service.17.2 The elongation of a tape is important as a measure ofuniformity and quality and provid
40、es a rough indication of howmuch a workman will be able to stretch the tape in use forsplicing, terminating, and repairing of wires and cables.18. Test Specimen18.1 The test sample consists of a single layer of tape that isapproximately 610 mm (24 in.) long, with the removableseparator removed. Sele
41、ct and condition in accordance withSections 46.19. Procedure19.1 Perform the tests for tensile strength and elongation inaccordance with Test Methods D412, with the followingexceptions:19.1.1 Cut five test specimens from a single ply of tape(rubber and separator) that is free from visible defects us
42、ing theASTM standard die, as shown in Fig. 1 (Die A) of TestMethods D412, except that the ends of the specimen cut froma 19-mm (0.75-in.) tape need not be full width. Place benchmarks on the specimens as directed in Test Methods D412.19.1.2 Measure the thickness in accordance with 14.2,removing the
43、separator where it is not an integral part of thetape. Record the appropriate thickness.19.1.3 Where jaw breaks occur, discard the results andretest.20. Report20.1 Report the following information:20.1.1 Average breaking strength expressed in MPa (psi),and20.1.2 Average percent elongation.21. Precis
44、ion and Bias21.1 See precision and bias statements of Test MethodsD412 for general discussion of precision and bias of this test.21.2 PrecisionThis test method has been in use for manyyears, but no information has been presented to ASTMInternational upon which to base a statement of precision. Noact
45、ivity has been planned to develop such information.21.3 BiasThis test method has no bias because the valuesfor tensile strength and elongation are determined solely interms of this test method itself.D4325 133DISSIPATION FACTOR AND PERMITTIVITY22. Significance and Use22.1 The dissipation factor and
46、permittivity of an electri-cally insulating rubber tape are properties of the material whichare important when it is used as high-voltage insulation.22.2 Measurements of dissipation factor and permittivityare nondestructive tests that are helpful in determining theproduct uniformity, moisture absorp
47、tion, and changes in com-position.23. Conditioning23.1 Unless otherwise specified, use the following condi-tions in preparing specimens and conducting measurements:23.1.1 As receivedCondition a set of specimens at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F)for1hat506 5 % relative humidity priorto testing at temperatures
48、of 23 6 2 C.23.1.2 Elevated temperatureCondition a set of specimensat some specified temperature (for example, 90 6 2 C 194 63.6 F) for 1 h prior to testing at temperature specified (forexample, 90 6 2 C).23.1.3 After water immersionCondition a set of speci-mens in distilled water at a temperature o
49、f 23 6 2 C (73.4 63.6 F) for a period of 24 h. Remove from water, pat dry, andtest immediately at 23 6 2 C.23.1.4 After hot water immersionCondition a set of speci-mens in distilled water at a temperature of 70 6 2 C (158 63.6 F) for a period of 24 h. Allow the immersed specimens tocome to room temperature by conditioning in distilled water at23 6 2 C (73.4 6 3.6 F) for 4 h. Remove from water, pat dry,and test immediately at 23 6 2 C.24. Procedure24.1 Prepare three specimens that are free from defects fromeach roll that ha
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