1、Designation: D4551 12 An American National StandardStandard Specification forPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)flexible sheeting w
3、hich is used without mastic, bedding, orcoating for construction of concealed water-containment-membranes in applications where there is potential for costlysecondary damage from water leakage and very long-termreliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains,pools, planters, shower and saf
4、e pans, tile tubs, or similar wetinstallations where the membrane is inaccessible once theconstruction is complete. Included are requirements for mate-rials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, andmethods of marking.1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product inaccordance with th
5、e requirements in Section 5.1.3 The tests are intended to ensure quality and performanceand are not intended for design purposes. Tests have beenselected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulatethe environment to which the membrane will be subjectedduring actual use.1.4 This specificatio
6、n does not cover water-containmentmembranes exposed to ultraviolet light.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat p
7、ertains only to thetest method portion, Section 13, of this specification:Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the ap
8、plicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lation (Withdrawn 2013)3D412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplas-tic ElastomersTensionD543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of
9、Plastics toChemical ReagentsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) ofPlastic Film and SheetingD1203 Test Methods for Volatile Loss From Plastics UsingActivated Carbon MethodsD1204 Test Method for Lin
10、ear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of VinylChloride PolymersD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, andUse of Recycled Polymeric Materials
11、and ProductsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterials2.2 ANSI Standard:Z 26.1 Safety Code for Safety Glazing Materials for GlazingMotor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways42.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes53. Terminolo
12、gy3.1 Definitions:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic BuildingProducts.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition appro
13、ved in 2008 as D4551 96(2008).DOI: 10.1520/D4551-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last
14、 approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadel
15、phia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology D883 unless otherwise indic
16、ated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 water-containment membranea non-porous mem-brane impervious to water and resistant to permeation by watervapor to an extent that it provides a high degree of certaintythat secondary damage from leakage shall not occur.3.2.2 homogeneous sh
17、eetingsheeting that is of uniformcomposition throughout its thickness.4. Classification4.1 The sheeting will be subdivided by grades based onthickness:4.1.1 Grade 300.03 in. (0.765 mm).4.1.2 Grade 400.04 in. (1.02 mm).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PV
18、C)water-containment membrane formulated from PVC materialsmeeting the following requirements:5.1.1 A PVC resin with an inherent viscosity (logarithmicviscosity number) of not less than 0.92 as determined by TestMethod D1243.5.1.2 A PVC compound density of 1.26/1.29 g/cm3.5.2 Recycle materials, as de
19、fined in Guide D7209, may beused in this product if all the requirements in Sections 3, 5, 6,and 9 are met by the recycle material.5.3 The use of water-soluble compounding ingredients shallbe prohibited.5.4 Plasticizers that are resistant to migration, mildew, andbacterial degradation shall be used.
20、6. Physical Properties6.1 The sheeting shall conform to the physical requirementsprescribed in Section 9 (Table 1) and Section 17 (Table 2).6.2 Sheeting shall be compounded so that bonds betweensheets used in fabrication of large water-containment mem-branes can be accomplished in the field without
21、reducing theoverall resistance of the membrane to permeation or leakage orsignificantly reducing the sheetings physical strength. Themanufacturer shall specify recommended bonding proceduresin its product literature.6.3 The sheeting shall be colored as agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the seller
22、 as part of the purchase contract.6.4 The sheeting shall be monolithic and homogeneous.7. Dimensions7.1 The actual width and length of the sheeting shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.7.1.1 Sheeting width tolerance shall be +0.5, 0.0 in.(+12.7, 0.0 mm).7.1.2 The length of the
23、 sheeting after unrolling and relaxingfor 10 min at 73 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) shall be no less than thatspecified in the purchase order.7.2 Minimum thickness of Grade 30 sheeting shall be 0.03in. (0.765 mm) and minimum thickness of Grade 40 sheetingshall be 0.04 in. (1.02 mm).8. Workmanship8.1 If not moni
24、tored continuously, a minimum of every hourproduction shall be sampled and inspected for appearance,thickness, width, and workmanship. The material shall be freeof pin holes, foreign inclusions, undispersed materials, or otherdefects that could affect serviceability.TABLE 1 Qualification TestsProper
25、ty Unit SpecificationGrade 30 Grade 40Thickness in. (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), minTensile strength lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 60 (10.45), min 80 (14.05), minTensile stress at 100 % elongation lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 30 (5.23), min 40 (7.03), minElongation at break % 300, min 300, minTear res
26、istance lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 185 (32.5), min 250 (43.7), minPinholes number none noneMicro-organism resistance specimen, pass/fail 12 of 12 pass 12 of 12 passPuncture resistance specimen, pass/fail 6 of 6 pass 6 of 6 passIndentation resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passFolding re
27、sistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passChemical resistanceDistilled H2O % weight change +1 %, max +1 %, maxSoapy H2O % weight change +2 %, max +2 %, maxAlkali specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passHydrostatic pressure test specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passShrinkage % orig
28、inal 5 %, max 5 %, maxVolatile loss at 158F % loss 1.5 max 1.5 maxTABLE 2 Quality Assurance RequirementsProperty Unit SpecificationGrade 30SpecificationGrade 40Thickness in. (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), minPinholes number none noneShrinkage at 158F % of original 5 %, max 5 %, maxWidth in. (
29、cm) +0.5 (1.27), 0.0 +0.5 (1.27), 0.0D4551 1229. Qualification Tests9.1 The PVC sheeting shall pass all the qualification testsprescribed in Section 11 and Table 1.9.1.1 Any modification of this compound shall require thatthe sheeting be retested for conformance to this specification.In addition, re
30、testing shall be done every 3 years whether thecompound has been modified or not to assess cumulativeeffects of switching suppliers, grades of raw materials, orprocessing changes.10. Sampling10.1 Test specimens shall be selected at random fromproduction stock. In each roll selected, units comprising
31、 therequired number of specimens shall be taken from a portion notincluding the first or last foot of the roll or portions within 6 in.of the edge of the roll.11. Test Methods11.1 ThicknessTest five specimens obtained from loca-tions equidistant across the width of the sheet in accordancewith Method
32、 C of Test Methods D374. Report thickness ofeach specimen and location in sheet.11.2 Stress-Strain PropertiesDetermine tensile stress at100 % elongation (modulus), tensile strength, and ultimateelongation in accordance with Method A of Test MethodsD412, using a dumbbell specimen (Die C). Report phys
33、icalproperties as the average value from testing of 6 specimens.11.3 PinholesExamine sheeting for pinholes by viewingthe surface of the sheeting while held under slight-handtension. Position a bright light source behind the film so as toclearly illuminate the surface without producing glare in theob
34、servers eyes. A pinhole is defined as any opening observedin the sheet under the conditions specified. Examine a 12-in.(305-mm) strip from the entire width of the sheet and report thepresence or absence of pinholes.11.4 Resistance to Chemical ReagentsConduct this test inaccordance with Test Method D
35、543, Procedure 1.11.4.1 Weigh loss after immersion in distilled water at120F (49C) for 24 h.11.4.2 Weigh loss after immersion in a 1 % soapy watersolution at 120F (49C) for 24 h.11.4.3 Alkali Resistance TestThis test indicates the effectof hot alkali solutions on the plastic membrane materials.11.4.
36、3.1 SpecimensEach test unit shall consist of threespecimens of flat material 3 by 3 in. (76 by 76 mm) selected inaccordance with 12.1.11.4.3.2 ProcedureMake a solution by dissolving 5.0 g ofreagent-grade sodium hydroxide and 5.0 g of reagent-gradepotassium hydroxide in 1 L of distilled water in a be
37、aker. Thesolution shall be maintained at a temperature of 150F (66C).11.4.3.3 Immerse each specimen in its own individualbeaker of solution in accordance with 11.4.3.2. Immerse thespecimen for 72 h, and completely change the solution every24 h. Before immersion of a specimen in the new solution, the
38、solution shall be at a temperature of 150F (66C).11.4.3.4 Test each specimen for waterproofness in accor-dance with 11.8 for hydrostatic pressure test.11.5 Microorganism Resistance TestDetermine the resis-tance of PVC membrane to mold growth in accordance withAnnex A1.11.6 Strength and Toughness Tes
39、ts:11.6.1 Puncture Resistance TestDetermine the resistanceof the material to mechanical damage which might occurduring the installation of the water-containment membrane inaccordance with the procedure described in Annex A2.11.6.2 Indentational Resistance TestDetermine the abilityof the material to
40、withstand nail-head indentation withoutimpairing waterproofness. Conduct the test in accordance withthe procedure detailed in Annex A3.11.6.3 Folding Resistance TestDetermine the ability of thematerial to withstand corner folding without impairing water-proofness in accordance with the procedure out
41、lined in AnnexA4.11.7 ShrinkageTestfor1hat158F (70C) in accordancewith Test Method D1204.11.8 Hydrostatic Pressure TestDetermine the ability ofplastic membrane material to withstand water pressure withoutleaking in accordance with the test procedure in Annex A5.11.9 Tear ResistanceDetermine the aver
42、age value for sixspecimens in accordance with Test Method D1004.11.10 Volatile LossDetermine volatile loss in accordancewith Test Methods D1203, Method A, at 158F (70C) withgrade AC (614 mesh) activated carbon. Test specimens shall benominal thickness sheeting.NOTE 1Requirement for WaterVapor Transm
43、ission of Materials inSheet Form (Procedure E of Test Methods E96/E96M) has been deleteduntil the test method is improved to the extent that it can be reproduciblyrun by commercial laboratories.12. Conditioning12.1 Condition all qualification test specimens at 73 6 4F(23 6 2C) and 50 6 10 % relative
44、 humidity for not less than40 h prior to testing, in accordance with Method A of MethodsD618.12.2 In-plant quality control specimens shall be conditionedat 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) for2hinair.13. Inspection13.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller as p
45、art of the purchasecontract.14. Certification14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, themanufacturers or the suppliers certification shall be furnishedto the purchaser stating that samples representing each lot havebeen manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance withthis specif
46、ication and the requirements have been met. Whenspecified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished.15. Product Marking15.1 Material complying with this specification shall becontinuously marked and shall include the following spacedout at intervals of not mor
47、e than 2 ft (610 mm).D4551 12315.1.1 Manufacturers name (or brand name or trademark).15.1.2 Material designation.15.1.3 Designation, Grade 30 or Grade 40, with which thesheet complies.15.1.4 Designation, “ASTM D4551”, with which the sheetcomplies.15.1.5 The production code shall be included inside t
48、he coreof all shipping units.16. Packaging and Package Marking16.1 The material shall be rolled on a substantial core andpackaged in standard commercial containers, so constructed asto ensure acceptance by common or other carriers for safetransportation to the point of delivery, unless otherwise spe
49、ci-fied in the contract or order.16.2 Shipping containers shall be marked as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.16.3 Packaging provisions for government/military procure-ment.16.4 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions ofPractice D3892 shall apply to this specification.17. Quality Assurance17.1 Sheeting manufactured from compound qualified bySection 9 shall pass the quality assurance and control require-ments prescribed in Table 2.17.1.1 In addition to the in-plant quality control inspectionsspecified in Se
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