ANSI ASTM E1353-2016 Standard Test Methods for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture.pdf

1、Designation: E1353 16 An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forCigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of UpholsteredFurniture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1353; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th

2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 These test methods are designed for the ass

3、essment ofthe resistance of upholstered furniture component assembliesto combustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes underspecified conditions.1.3 The tests apply to upholstered furniture componentscover fabrics, interior fabrics, welt cords, decking materials,barrier materials, and filling o

4、r padding materials including butnot limited to: battings of natural or man-made fibers, foamedor cellular filling materials, resilient pads of natural or man-made fibers, and loose particulate filling materials (such asshredded polyurethane or feathers and down).1.4 The individual test methods and

5、the materials to whichthey apply are as follows:1.4.1 Cover Fabric TestApplies to outer cover fabrics (seeSections 10 and 11).1.4.2 Interior Fabric TestApplies to interior fabrics usedin intimate contact with outer fabrics (see Sections 12 and 13).1.4.3 Welt Cord TestApplies to welt cord (see Sectio

6、ns 14and 15).1.4.4 Filling/Padding Component TestApplies to resilientmaterials used under the cover fabric in seats or in insidevertical walls (inside arm and inside backs) (see Sections 16and 17).1.4.5 Decking Materials TestApplies to resilient materialsused in the deck under loose cushions (see Se

7、ctions 18 and 19).1.4.6 Barrier Materials TestApplies to materials that areintended to serve as a barrier between cover fabric andconventional polyurethane foam (see Sections 20 and 21).1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathe

8、maticalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors require

9、d for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safe

10、ty and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision o

11、f a Test Method2.2 Federal Specifications:3Fed.Spec. CCC-C-436-D, Cloth, Ticking, Twill, Cotton;Type I2.3 NFPA Standard:4NFPA 260 Standard Methods of Tests and ClassificationSystem for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Componentsof Upholstered Furniture3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions o

12、f terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 deckin upholstered furniture, the upholstered sup-port under the seat cushion in a loose seat construction.3.2.2 obvious ignitionpronounced continuous and self-sustaining combustion

13、of the test system accompanied by rapid1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishingsand Contents.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 1990.

14、 Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1353 08a1. DOI:10.1520/E1353-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth

15、e ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.*A Summary of Changes section a

16、ppears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1generation of heat and smoke. It is a matter of operatorjudgment based upon experience in this type of operation.3.2.3 upholsteredcovered with material

17、(as fabric or pad-ding) to provide a soft surface.3.2.4 upholstered furniturefor the purpose of these testmethods, a unit of interior furnishing that (1) contains anysurface that is covered, in whole or in part, with a fabric orrelated upholstery cover material, (2) contains upholsterymaterial, and

18、(3) is intended or promoted for sitting or recliningupon.3.2.5 upholstery cover materialthe outermost layer offabric or related material used to enclose the main supportsystem or upholstery materials, or both, used in the furnitureitem.3.2.6 upholstery materialthe padding, stuffing, or fillingmateri

19、al used in a furniture item, which may be either loose orattached, enclosed by an upholstery cover material, or locatedbetween the upholstery cover material and support system, ifpresent.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to,material such as foams, cotton batting, polyester fiberfil

20、l,bonded cellulose, or down.3.2.7 weltthe piping effect produced when welt cord andcover fabrics are sewn together for ornamental purposes tofinish the edges between intersecting surfaces of upholsteredfurniture cushions, pillows, arms, or backs.3.2.8 welt cordthe continuous small-diameter cylindric

21、almaterial that is wrapped in fabric and sewn as part of the coverto make a welt edge on upholstered furniture.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 These test methods consist of several tests used toevaluate the cigarette ignition resistance of component mate-rials used in the manufacture of upholstered fur

22、niture. Each testinvolves a miniature assembly consisting of the component tobe tested, along with other specified materials, mounted on aplywood mock-up that resembles a small chair seat and back.The assembly is exposed to a lighted cigarette as an ignitionsource.5. Significance and Use5.1 These te

23、st methods are intended to estimate the perfor-mance of upholstered furniture under conditions of exposure toa smoldering cigarette. This is accomplished by testing furni-ture component assemblies. However, interactions betweencomponents in production furniture are not necessarily pre-dicted by comp

24、onent assembly testing.5.2 These test methods are not intended to measure theperformance of upholstered furniture under conditions of openflame exposure, and do not indicate whether the furniture willresist the propagation of flame under severe fire exposure orwhen tested in a manner that differs su

25、bstantially from the teststandard.5.3 The results obtained with a material component tested inmock-up, in accordance with these test methods, do notnecessarily indicate the performance of the same materialcomponent in other geometric configurations, such as infull-size furniture.6. Apparatus and Mat

26、erials6.1 Mini-Mock-Up Tester (MMT) (see Fig. 1):6.1.1 The mini-mock-up tester consists of a base with acentrally located guide and a stationary vertical panel, amovable horizontal carriage, and a removable vertical supportpanel.6.1.2 The base consists of two wooden panels, each nomi-nally 8 by 8 in

27、. with nominal 0.75-in. thickness, joined togetherat one edge. The carriage hasa5by8-in. (125 by 203-mm)platform to support a horizontal specimen. The platform is 2.5in. (38 mm) above the floor of the base and has a 1.5-in.(38-mm) lip at the front edge. The carriage is grooved to fitover a guide pro

28、vided on the floor of the base. The removablevertical support panel consists of a wooden panel nominally 8by 8 in. and with nominal 0.75-in. thickness, which standsagainst the vertical wall of the base.6.2 Decking Materials Tester (DMT) (see Fig. 2)Thedecking materials tester consists of a plywood b

29、ase and aplywood retainer ring. The base measures 21 by 13.5 by 0.5 in.(533 by 343 by 13 mm). The retainer ring measures 21 by 13.5by 0.5 in. with an opening measuring 16 by 8.5 in. (406 by 216mm).6.3 The ignition source shall consist of SRM 1196 cigaretteswithout filter tips, made from natural toba

30、cco, 3.3 6 0.1 in.(83 6 2 mm) long with a tobacco packing density of0.156 6 0.012 oz/in.3(0.270 6 0.020 g cm3) and a totalweight of 0.039 6 0.004 oz (1.1 6 0.1 g). Standard ReferenceMaterial SRM 1196 is obtained from the National Institute ofStandards and Technology.6.4 Standard Type I Cover FabricT

31、he standard Type Icover fabric shall be 100 % cotton mattress ticking conformingto Fed. Spec. CCC-C-436-D. It shall be laundered and tumble-dried once before using.FIG. 1 Mini-Mock-Up TesterE1353 1626.5 Standard Type II Cover FabricThe standard Type IIcover fabric shall be UFAC standard Type II, 100

32、 % brightregular rayon, scoured, 20/2, ring spun, basketweaveconstruction, 8.0 6 0.5 oz yd2(271 6 12 g/m2), undyed, con-taining no flame-retardant finishes or back coating.6.6 Sheeting MaterialThe sheeting material to cover thetest cigarettes shall be 50 % cotton/50 % polyester or 100 %cotton bed sh

33、eeting material weighing 3.7 6 0.8 oz/yd2(125 6 28 g/m2). The material shall be laundered in anautomatic home clothes washing machine and dried in a tumbledrier at least once before use. For testing, the sheeting materialshall be cut into pieces approximately 5 by 5 in. (12.5 by 12.5cm).6.7 Standard

34、 Polyurethane Foam SubstrateThe standardpolyurethane foam substrate shall be open-celled polyether-type urethane, containing no inorganic fillers or flameretardants, having a density of 1.3 to 1.6 lb/ft3(20 to 25 kg/m3).6.8 MiscellaneousOther apparatus required to carry outthe testing are: straight

35、pins, a staple gun, a knife or scissors,tongs, and a linear scale graduated in millimeters and tenths ofan inch.6.9 Air VelocityAir velocity across the test assembliesshall be maintained below 50 ft/min (15.2 m/min) in order tominimize localized effects from draft superheating of cigaretteembers.NOT

36、E 1A fume hood with air curtains across the face and zero airvelocity at the test locations is recommended. Zero air velocity isindicated by an undisturbed vertical smoke plume of 6 in.6.10 Extinguishing Equipment:6.10.1 Pressurized Water Fire Extinguisher, or other suit-able fire extinguishing equi

37、pment, immediately available.6.10.2 Water Bottle, fitted with a spray nozzle to extinguishany ignited portions of the test specimen.6.10.3 Bucket of Water, for immersing smoldering or burn-ing materials removed from the tester.6.10.4 Tongs, to handle smoldering materials prior to im-mersion.6.10.5 G

38、loves.6.10.6 Breathing apparatus.6.11 Draft-Free EnclosureAn open draft preventive en-closure shall be provided and used to restrict airflow toconvection only (see Fig. 3).7. Hazards7.1 WarningEven under the most carefully observedconditions, smoldering combustion can progress to a pointwhere it can

39、not be readily extinguished. It is imperative that atest be discontinued as soon as continuing combustion hasdefinitely occurred. Immediately wet the exposed area with awater spray from the water bottle, remove the charred orburned material, and immerse the material in a bucket of water.Ventilate th

40、e test area.7.2 Products of combustion can be irritating and dangerousto test personnel. Test personnel must avoid exposure to smokeand gases produced during testing as much as possible. The useof a large hood with a low air velocity during testing isadvisable, as a means to remove products of combu

41、stion.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition all test upholstery fabrics and test materials(including polyurethane, cigarettes, and sheeting material) at atemperature of 70 6 5F (21 6 2.8C) and less than 65 %relative humidity for at least 24 h prior to testing. If the testroom conditions do not meet the speci

42、fications above for theconditioning room, then the testing shall be initiated within 10min after the specimens are removed from the conditioningroom.9. Report9.1 Report the following information for each component:9.1.1 Test procedure used,9.1.2 Total number of cigarettes applied,9.1.3 Whether ignit

43、ion occurred,9.1.4 Individual maximum lengths for each specimen, mea-sured to the nearest 0.1 in. (0.2 cm),9.1.4.1 Measurements exceeding 2 in. (5.1 cm) shall bereported as follows: 2 in.,9.1.5 Whether Class A or Class B, and9.1.6 Test room conditions.COVER FABRIC TEST10. Test Specimen10.1 Cut three

44、 specimens, each 8 by 8 in. (203 by 203 mm),from the material to be tested for horizontal panels, and threespecimens, 8 by 15 in. (203 by 381 mm), for vertical panels.10.2 Cut each specimen with its long dimension in thedirection of the warp and assembled for testing in a warp-to-warp orientation, s

45、uch that the major areas of weave variationwill lie in the crevice of the assembled test apparatus.FIG. 2 Decking Materials TesterFIG. 3 Draft EnclosureE1353 16310.3 For fabrics with complex weaves, cut specimens sothat portions of the three largest areas of weave complexity arecontacted by the ciga

46、rettes placed on the test assemblies. Fordyed or printed fabrics, or both, color shall not constitute adifference with respect to cigarette ignition resistance in thistest.11. Procedure11.1 For horizontal panels, place the 8 by 8-in. (203 by203-mm) cover fabric specimen on an 8 by 5 by 2-in. (203 by

47、127 by 51-mm) polyurethane substrate as shown in Fig. 4, andpin the ends of the fabric specimens to hold them in place.11.2 For vertical panels, place the 8 by 15-in. (203 by381-mm) fabric specimen on an 8 by 8 by 2-in. (203 by 203 by51-mm) polyurethane substrate as shown in Fig. 4. The fabricshall

48、overlap the top and bottom of the substrate and be pinnedinto place on the corners. The warp or machine direction of thefabric shall run from front to back on the test assembly.11.3 Place each assembled vertical and horizontal panel in amini-mock-up tester as shown in Fig. 4.11.4 Mark the position o

49、f the crevice on the sides of thevertical substrate.11.5 Light three cigarettes and place a lighted cigarette oneach of the three test assemblies so that the cigarette lies in thecrevice and against the vertical panel with equal distance ofcigarette ends from either side of the assembly.11.6 Place a piece of sheeting material over each cigarette,smoothing it over the cigarette to ensure intimate contact. Pinthe sheeting to the vertical panel about 2.5 in. (63 mm) abovethe crevice.NOTE 2A finger run over the covered cigarettes ensures a goodfabric-t