ANSI ASTM E2067-2015 Standard Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests.pdf

1、Designation: E2067 15 An American National StandardStandard Practice forFull-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry Fire Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice deals with methods to construct, calibrate,and use full scale oxygen consumption calorimete

3、rs to helpminimize testing result discrepancies between laboratories.1.2 The methodology described herein is used in a numberof ASTM test methods, in a variety of unstandardized testmethods, and for research purposes. This practice will facilitatecoordination of generic requirements, which are not s

4、pecific tothe item under test.1.3 The principal fire-test-response characteristics obtainedfrom the test methods using this technique are those associatedwith heat release from the specimens tested, as a function oftime. Other fire-test-response characteristics also are deter-mined.1.4 This practice

5、 is intended to apply to the conduction ofdifferent types of tests, including both some in which theobjective is to assess the comparative fire performance ofproducts releasing low amounts of heat or smoke and some inwhich the objective is to assess whether flashover will occur.1.5 This practice doe

6、s not provide pass/fail criteria that canbe used as a regulatory tool, nor does it describe a test methodfor any material or product.1.6 For use of the SI system of units in referee decisions, seeIEEE/ASTM SI-10,. The units given in parentheses are pro-vided for information only.1.7 This standard is

7、 used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.NOTE 1Thi

8、s is the standard caveat described in section F2.2.2.1 of theForm and Style for ASTM Standards manual for fire-test-responsestandards. In actual fact, this practice does not provide quantitativemeasures.1.8 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous, and adequate safeguards for pe

9、rsonnel and propertyshall be employed in conducting these tests. Fire testinginvolves hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. Seealso Section 7.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of thi

10、s standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of InsulatingMaterials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Burni

11、ng in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD5537 Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, SmokeObscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating Mate-rials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables WhenBurning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD6113 Test Method for Using a Cone Calorimeter

12、 to Deter-mine Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of Insulating Ma-terials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE603 Guide for Room Fire ExperimentsE906 Test Method for Heat and Visibl

13、e Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using a ThermopileMethodE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE1474 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateof Upholstered Furniture and Mattress Components

14、 orComposites Using a Bench Scale Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeterE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-ture1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke andCombustion Products.Current e

15、dition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E2067 12. DOI:10.1520/E2067-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST

16、MStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of MattressesE1623 Test Method for Determination of Fire

17、 and ThermalParameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using anIntermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)E1740 Test Method for Determining the Heat Release Rateand Other Fire-Test-Response Characteristics of WallCovering or Ceiling Covering Composites Using a ConeCalorimeterE1822 Test Method for Fire

18、 Testing of Stacked ChairsIEEE/ASTM SI-10, International System of Units (SI) TheModernized Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 13943 Fire Safety-VocabularyISO 5660-1 Fire TestsReaction to FireRate of HeatRelease from Building Products (Cone CalorimeterMethod)ISO 9705 Fire Tests - Full-Scale Room Te

19、st for SurfaceProducts2.3 California Bureau of Home Furnishings and ThermalInsulation Standards:4CA Technical Bulletin 129 (October 1992), FlammabilityTest Procedure for Mattresses for Use in Public BuildingsCA Technical Bulletin 133 (January 1991), FlammabilityTest Procedure for Seating Furniture f

20、or Use in PublicOccupancies2.4 NFPA Standards:5NFPA 265 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingRoom Fire Growth Contribution ofTextileWall CoveringsNFPA 266 Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristicsof Upholstered Furniture Exposed to Flaming IgnitionSource WithdrawnNFPA 267 Standard Met

21、hod of Test for Fire Characteristicsof Mattresses and Bedding Assemblies Exposed to Flam-ing Ignition Source WithdrawnNFPA 286 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingRoom Fire Growth Contribution of Wall and CeilingInterior FinishNFPA 289 Standard Method of Fire Test for Individual FuelPackage

22、s2.5 UL Standards:6UL1685 StandardVerticalTray Fire Propagation and SmokeRelease Test for Electrical and Optical Fiber CablesUL 1975 Standard Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used forDecorative Purposes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer toTerminol

23、ogy E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, thedefinitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail.3.1.2 heat release rate, nthe heat evolved from thespecimen, per unit of time. (E176)3.1.3 ignition, nthe initiation of combustion. (E176)3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe combustion may be evidenced byglow, flam

24、e, detonation or explosion. The combustion may besustained or transient.3.1.4 oxygen consumption principle, nthe expression ofthe relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the heat released. (E176)3.1.5 smoke, nthe airborne solid and liquid particulatesand gases evolved w

25、hen a material undergoes pyrolysis orcombustion. (E176)3.1.6 smoke obscuration, nreduction of light transmissionby smoke, as measured by light attenuation. (E176)3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 continuous (as related to data acquisition), adjconducted at data collection inte

26、rvals of6sorless.3.2.2 sample, nan amount of the material, product, orassembly, to be tested, which is representative of the item as awhole.3.2.3 specimen, nrepresentative piece of the product,which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatment.4. Significance and Use4.1 The oxygen consum

27、ption principle, used for the mea-surements described here, is based on the observation that,generally, the net heat of combustion is directly related to theamount of oxygen required for combustion (1).7Approxi-mately 13.1 MJ of heat are released per 1-kg of oxygenconsumed. Test specimens in the tes

28、t are burned in ambient airconditions, while being subjected to a prescribed externalheating source.4.1.1 This technique is not appropriate for use on its ownwhen the combustible fuel is an oxidizer or an explosive agent,which release oxygen. Further analysis is required in suchcases (see Appendix X

29、2).4.2 The heat release is determined by the measurement ofthe oxygen consumption, as determined by the oxygen con-centration and the flow rate in the combustion product stream,in a full scale environment.4.3 The primary measurements are oxygen concentrationand exhaust gas flow rate. Additional meas

30、urements includethe specimen ignitability, the smoke obscuration generated, thespecimen mass loss rate, the effective heat of combustion andthe yields of combustion products from the test specimen.4.4 The oxygen consumption technique is used in differenttypes of test methods. Intermediate scale (Tes

31、t Method E1623,UL 1975) and full scale (Test Method D5424, Test MethodD5537, Test Method E1537, Test Method E1590, Test Method3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.4Available f

32、rom California Bureau of Home Furnishings and ThermalInsulation, State of California, Department of Consumer Affairs, 3485 OrangeGrove Avenue, North Highlands, CA 956605595.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.6Ava

33、ilable from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.7The boldface numbers in parentheses refers to the list of references at the endof this standard.E2067 152E1822, ISO 9705, NFPA 265, NFPA 266, NFPA 267, NFPA286, UL 1685) test methods, as well as unstanda

34、rdized roomscale experiments following Guide E603, using this techniqueinvolve a large instrumented exhaust hood, where oxygenconcentration is measured, either standing alone or positionedoutside a doorway.Alarge test specimen is placed either underthe hood or inside the room. This practice is inten

35、ded toaddress issues associated with equipment requiring a largeinstrumented hood and not stand-alone test apparatuses withsmall test specimens.4.4.1 Small scale test methods using this technique, such asTest Methods D6113, E1354, E1474 and E1740, as well as ISO5660 internationally, are based on a s

36、tand-alone apparatus,wherein a small specimen is tested within the equipment.4.4.2 Another small scale heat release test method, TestMethod E906, does not use the oxygen consumption technique.4.4.3 Annex A1 contains the considerations needed for heatrelease measurements and Annex A2 contains the cor

37、respond-ing measurement equations as well as the equations for smokeand gas release measurements. These equations apply to TestMethods D5424, D5537, E1537, E1590, E1623, and E1822.See also Section 14.4.5 Throughout this practice, test equipment is referenced toprovide helpful guidance to test facili

38、ties. Substitution ofequivalent, or better, test measuring devices is permissible.5. Test Room Layout5.1 Standard Rooms:5.1.1 Three standard room configurations have been incommon use for many years, often designated as the “ASTM”/“ISO” room (cited in Guide E603 and in ISO 9705), and the“California”

39、 room (used in CATB 129 and CATB 133, as wellas, Test Methods E1537, E1590, and E1822), and the cable traytest room (used in Test Methods D5424 and D5537, as well as,in UL 1685).5.1.2 ASTM/ISO RoomThe test room shall have interiordimensions of 2.44 m 6 25 mm by 3.66 m 6 25 mm by 2.44m 6 25 mm high (

40、8 by 12 by 8 ft high). The room shall haveno openings other than a doorway opening 0.76 m 6 6mmby2.03 m 6 6 mm (30 by 80 in.), located as indicated in Fig. 1,and other small openings, as necessary to make test measure-ments. Construct the test room of wooden or metal studs, andline it with gypsum wa

41、llboard, Type X, or calcium silicatewallboard. Position a hood (see Section 6) outside of the roomdoorway, such that it collects all the combustion gases. Thereshall be no obstructions to the air supply to the test setup.NOTE 2Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wall-board with a thick

42、ness of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) have been found acceptable.If the wallboard is thicker, it will not affect the results of this test. Gypsumwallboard is likely to generate a measurable amount of heat or smokerelease at high heat inputs, due primarily to its paper facer.5.1.2.1 Install an additional layer o

43、f fire rated wallboard onthe portions of the walls or ceiling directly adjacent to the testspecimen location. Cover at least 1.22 by 1.22 m (4 by 4 ft) ofthe ceiling with the added wallboard, but do not place anadditional layer of wallboard under the test specimen. Thisceiling surface is the most se

44、verely exposed to flames and heatand needs frequent replacement. Replace any portion of thelining if cracks occur or severe burn damage is observed.5.1.2.2 Frequently, whenever there is a single test specimen,such as Test Method E1537, Test Method E1590, or TestMethod E1822, the test specimen locati

45、on is the corner of theroom furthest away from the doorway. The test specimen alsois usually placed on a weighing platform. This test room isunsuitable for Test Method D5424 or Test Method D5537. Thetest method indicates test specimen location.5.1.2.3 When testing surface linings (walls or ceilings)

46、,weighing of the test specimen during the test is usually notpractical. Mass loss during testing, if desired, must be esti-mated from calculations.5.1.3 California RoomThe test room shall have dimen-sions of 3.05 m 6 25 mm 3.66 m 6 25 mm 2.44 m 6 25mm high (10 by 12 by 8 ft high). The room shall hav

47、e noopenings other than a doorway opening 0.97 m 6 6 mm 2.06m 6 6 mm (38 by 81 in.), located as indicated in Fig. 2, andother small openings, as necessary to make test measurements.Construct the test room of wooden or metal studs, and line itwith gypsum wallboard, Type X, or calcium silicate wallboa

48、rd.Position a hood (see Section 6) outside of the room doorway,such that it collects all the combustion gases. There shall be noobstructions to the air supply to the test set-up.NOTE 3Both Type X gypsum wallboard and calcium silicate wall-board with a thickness of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) have been found a

49、cceptable.If the wallboard is thicker, it will not affect the results of this test. Gypsumwallboard likely is to generate a measurable amount of heat or smokerelease at high heat inputs, due primarily to its paper facer.NOTE 1See text for tolerances; room instrumentation is optional.FIG. 1 Test Room Configuration A (ASTM room)E2067 1535.1.3.1 Install an additional layer of fire rated wallboard onthe portions of the walls or ceiling directly adjacent to the testspecimen location. Cover at least 1.22 by 1.22 m (4 by 4 ft) ofthe ceiling with t