ANSI ASTM E2267-2004 Standard Guide for Specifying and Evaluating Performance of Single Family Attached and Detached Dwellings-Indoor Air Quality.pdf

1、Designation: E2267 04 (Reapproved 2013) An American National StandardStandard Guide forSpecifying and Evaluating Performance of Single FamilyAttached and Detached DwellingsIndoor Air Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2267; the number immediately following the designation i

2、ndicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide is part of a set which toget

3、her presents a complete performance standard guide forspecifying and evaluating single family attached and detached dwellings. The complete set in theseries, when finished, is to include the attributes given in Table 1.The series provides a framework for specifying and evaluating qualities of buildi

4、ng products andsystems to meet user needs without limiting ways and means. The format for this guide includesperformance statements that consist of four components, Objectives-Criteria-Evaluation-Commentary(O-C-E-C), which together provide a systematic performance based approach for the intendedpurp

5、ose. These performance statements are presented in Section 8 against a Hierarchy of BuildingElements as tabulated in Table 2.The purpose of these standard guides is to provide a standardized system for describingperformance parameters of single-family attached or detached dwellings. This system stan

6、dardizes thedescriptions of performance of a single-family dwelling, attached or detached, that can be expressedas performance statements (O-C-E-C) for a particular attribute, agent, and user need.These standard guides are intended for use by those who need to prescribe required levels ofperformance

7、 and those who need to rate a product which forms a single-family dwelling or partthereof. The standard guides include examples of performance statements that may be used for thespecification and evaluation of design, materials, products, components, subsystems, and systems.1. Scope1.1 This guide co

8、ntains suggested performance statementsfor single family residential buildings (attached and detached)that address indoor air quality performance including indoor airpollution and thermal comfort. These performance statementsare not presented as proposed requirements, but are written inpermissive la

9、nguage as suggestions that can be used indeveloping specifications to satisfy user needs.1.2 This guide does not address other aspects of the indoorenvironment such as lighting and acoustics.1.3 Performance statements addressing building ventilationand ventilation rates are also included in the stan

10、dard, since itis premature to base performance only on indoor air pollution,that is, airborne contaminant concentrations. When healthauthorities have established contaminant concentration limitsfor residential environments, it may be possible to defineindoor air quality performance in terms of conta

11、minant con-centrations rather than ventilation.1.4 This guide is one in a series of guides containingperformance statements for residential buildings that are in-tended for use in the procurement, specification and evaluationof one- and two-family dwellings. These companion standardguides include th

12、ose noted in the Introduction above.1.5 This guide also addresses a number of residential indoorair quality issues that can not be expressed as performancestatements at this time. However, they are important enough toinclude in this guide to at least raise the awareness of those1This guide is under

13、the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performanceof Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 on WholeBuildings and Facilities.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published January 2013. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E2267 04. DO

14、I:10.1520/E2267-04R13.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1involved in the process of procurement, specification andevaluation. These issues are addressed in 8.3.1.6 This guide does not include site planning objectives.Howe

15、ver, certain issues addressing the relationship of buildingto site have been covered, and it is important that these fewobjectives not be construed as a comprehensive site specifica-tion.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t

16、heresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD5116 Guide for Sma

17、ll-Scale Environmental Chamber De-terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsE241 Guide for Limiting Water-Induced Damage to Build-ingsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE779 Test Method for DeterminingAir Leakage Rate by FanPressurizationE1465 Practice for Radon Control

18、Options for the Designand Construction of New Low-Rise Residential BuildingsE1554 Test Methods for Determining Air Leakage of AirDistribution Systems by Fan PressurizationE1998 Guide for Assessing Depressurization-Induced Back-drafting and Spillage from Vented CombustionAppliancesE2151 Terminology o

19、f Guides for Specifying and Evaluat-ing Performance of Single Family Attached and DetachedDwellingsE2156 Guide for Evaluating Economic Performance of Al-ternative Designs, Systems, and Materials in Compliancewith Performance Standard Guides for Single-Family2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

20、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Attributes Addressed in the Series of PerformanceStandards for Single Family Attached and Detac

21、hed DwellingsA Structural Safety and ServiceabilityB Fire SafetyC Accident SafetyD Health and HygieneE Indoor Air QualityF LightG AcousticsH DurabilityI AccessibilityJ SecurityK EconomicsL FunctionalityM AestheticsN AdaptabilityO MaintainabilityP SustainabilityTABLE 2 Hierarchy of Building Elements

22、Included in the Seriesof Performance Standards for Single Family Attached andDetached Dwellings0. Whole Building System0.1 All Building Subsystems0.2 Groups of Building Subsystems1. Spaces1.1 Entries1.2 Living Spaces1.3 Dining Spaces1.4 Kitchens1.5 Sleeping Spaces1.6 Bathrooms1.7 Water Closets1.8 Ou

23、tdoor Living Spaces1.9 Storage Spaces1.10 Other2. Structure2.1 Foundation2.2 Superstructure3. Exterior Enclosure3.1 Grade Enclosure3.1.1 Floor on Grade3.1.2 Floor over Air Space3.1.3 Other3.2 Vertical and Sloped Enclosure3.2.1 Walls3.2.2 Windows3.2.3 Doors3.2.4 Other (e.g., railings, louvers, screen

24、s, etc.)3.3 Roofs3.3.1 Roof Coverings3.3.2 Skylights3.3.3 Other Roof Openings3.4 Joint Sealants4. Interior Space Division4.1 Vertical Space Dividers4.1.1 Partitions4.1.2 Doors4.1.3 Other4.2 Horizontal Space Dividers4.2.1 Floors4.2.2 Ceilings4.2.3 Floor/Ceiling Openings4.2.4 Other4.3 Stairs and Ramps

25、5. Plumbing5.1 Plumbing Fixtures5.2 Domestic Water Distribution5.3 Sanitary Waste5.4 Rain Water Drainage6. HVAC6.1 Heating6.1.1 Heating Generation6.1.2 Heating Distribution6.1.3 Heating Terminal and Package Units6.1.4 Heating Controls and Instrumentation6.2 Cooling6.2.1 Cooling Generation6.2.2 Cooli

26、ng Distribution6.2.3 Cooling Terminal and Package Units6.2.4 Cooling Controls and Instrumentation6.3 Ventilation6.3.1 Ventilation Distribution6.3.2 Ventilation Terminal and Package Units6.3.4 Ventilation Controls and Instrumentation7. Fire Protection Subsystems7.1 Suppression Systems7.2 Detection Sy

27、stems7.3 Notification Systems7.4 Fire Protection Specialties8. Electrical Network8.1 Electrical Service and Distribution8.2 Lighting and Branch WiringE2267 04 (2013)2Attached and Detached Dwellings2.2 ASHRAE Standards:3ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook 2001ASHRAE Standard 52.2 Method of Testing General V

28、enti-lation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency byParticle SizeASHRAE Standard 55 Thermal Environmental Conditionsfor Human OccupancyASHRAE Standard 62 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor AirQualityASHRAE Standard 111 Practices for Measurement, Testing,Adjusting, and Balancing of Building Heat

29、ing,Ventilation, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration SystemsASHRAE Standard 129 Measuring Air Change Effective-nessASHRAE Standard 136 A Method of Determining AirChange Rates in Detached Dwellings2.3 Other Standards:ICC International Fuel Gas Code4ISO 7730 Moderate Thermal Environments, Determinatio

30、nof the PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of theConditions for Thermal Comfort5NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Code6NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code62.4 Other References:Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability(BEES) 3.07EPA, 1992, Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Mea-

31、surement Device Protocols EPA 402-R-92-0048International Residential Code 20034Moisture Control in Buildings ASTM Manual Series, MNL18, 19942MOIST A PC Program for Predicting Heat and MoistureTransfer in Building Envelopes. Version 3.0. NIST SP9177ORNL/CON-295 Builders Foundation Handbook, 199193. T

32、erminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guiderefer to Terminologies E631, D1356, and E2151.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 commentary, nthe fourth part of a performancestatement, consisting of an informative narrative explainingaspects of the performan

33、ce statement.3.2.1.1 DiscussionA commentary may include one ormore of the following: an explanation of how the objectiverelates to user needs in fields such as physiology, psychology,and culture or tradition; an explanation of how the criteria areestablished including guides for setting different le

34、vels ofperformance to meet various user needs; a discussion of thereliability of the evaluation method; and example solutions thatmay be deemed by the specifier to comply with the perfor-mance statement.3.2.2 criteria, nthe second part of a performancestatement, consisting of quantitative statements

35、 defining thelevel or range of performance necessary to meet an objectiveor, where such a level or range cannot be established, the unitsof measurement of the performance.3.2.3 evaluation, nthe third part of a performancestatement, consisting of the method(s) of assessing confor-mance of the element

36、 being addressed to the criteria.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe evaluation states standards, in-spection methods, review procedures, historicaldocumentation, test methods, in-use performance, engineeringanalyses, models, or other means that may be used in assessingwhether or not a criterion has been satisfie

37、d.3.2.4 indoor air pollution, nthe level of air pollution in anenclosed environment.3.2.4.1 DiscussionBased on the definition of air pollutionin Terminology D1356, indoor air pollution relates to theconcentrations of unwanted material in the air.3.2.5 indoor air quality, nthe composition and charact

38、er-istics of the air in an enclosed space that affect the occupants ofthat space.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe indoor air quality of a space isdetermined by the level of indoor air pollution and othercharacteristics of the air, including those that impact thermalcomfort such as air temperature, relative hum

39、idity, and airspeed.3.2.6 specifier, nthe individual or organization using thestandard guides to create specifications and ultimately acceptdwelling designs, materials, products, components,subsystems, or buildings to be provided by providers.3.2.7 thermal comfort, nthe condition of mind that ex-pre

40、sses satisfaction with the thermal environment; it requiressubjective evaluation.3Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.4Available from International Code Council (ICC),

41、 500 New Jersey Ave., NW,6th Floor, Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.iccsafe.org.5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.6Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batte

42、rymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.7Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.8Available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ArielRios Bldg., 1200 Pennsylva

43、nia Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20004, http:/www.epa.gov.9Available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Bethel Valley Rd.,Oak Ridge, TN 37831, http:/www.ornl.gov.TABLE 2 (continued)9. Communication and Security Networks9.1 Telephone9.2 Intercom9.3 Television9.4 Security9.5 Other10. Fuel Networks

44、10.1 Gas10.2 Oil10.3 Other11. Fittings, Furnishings and EquipmentE2267 04 (2013)33.2.8 user need, na statement of the activities and behav-ior to be carried out in relation to the dwelling by its residents,or other users, defined in terms of motor, kinetic, physiological,psychological, emotional and

45、 other parameters of humanbehavior.3.2.9 ventilation, nthe process of supplying outdoor air orremoving indoor air by natural or mechanical means to or fromany space.4. Significance and Use4.1 General Purpose and Intent:4.1.1 This guide is to provide a standardized system fordescribing performance pa

46、rameters of single-family attachedand detached dwellings. The use of consensus performancestandards for housing, can significantly contribute to theremoval of barriers to the acceptance of traditional andinnovative housing products and systems in the global market-place. This guide in conjunction wi

47、th the balance of the set ofstandard guides can also serve to improve communicationsbetween producers and consumers leading to enhanced qualityand performance of housing.4.1.2 This guide, in conjunction with the balance of the setof standard guides, will be useful to managers of housingprocurement p

48、rojects, homebuilders, designers, productmanufacturers, and evaluation services.4.2 Indoor Air Quality Issues:4.2.1 The environment within a building impacts the healthof the building occupants and their satisfaction with the space.While this guide only addresses indoor air quality, this aspectof th

49、e indoor environment is an important component of aperformance approach to residential buildings.4.2.2 The performance statements contained in this guideare relevant to the procurement of a range of built elementsrelated to the indoor environment, including but not limited tothe whole building, the exterior enclosure, HVAC subsystems,local exhaust subsystems, other ventilation subsystems andtheir components, filtration and air cleaning subsystems, andbuilding materials and furnishings.5. Aspects of Indoor Air Quality Performance5.1 The quality of the air wit