ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:PDF , 页数:14 ,大小:292.65KB ,
资源ID:432637      下载积分:5000 积分
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付 微信扫码支付   
注意:如需开发票,请勿充值!
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【http://www.mydoc123.com/d-432637.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(ANSI ASTM E2557 REV A-2016 Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments.pdf)为本站会员(registerpick115)主动上传,麦多课文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文库(发送邮件至master@mydoc123.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

ANSI ASTM E2557 REV A-2016 Standard Practice for Probable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for Earthquake Due-Diligence Assessments.pdf

1、Designation: E2557 16a An American National StandardStandard Practice forProbable Maximum Loss (PML) Evaluations for EarthquakeDue-Diligence Assessments1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2557; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio

2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice establishes standard-of-care for evaluationand classification

3、 of the financial risks from earthquake dam-age to real estate improvements for use in financial mortgagetransactions and capital investment evaluation. As such, thispractice permits a user to satisfy, in part, their real estatetransaction due-diligence requirements with respect to assess-ing and ch

4、aracterizing a propertys potential losses fromearthquakes. This practice is intended to address only physicaldamage to the property from site and building response.1.1.1 Hazards addressed in this practice include earthquakeground shaking, earthquake-caused site instability, includingfaulting, subsid

5、ence, settlement landslides and soilliquefaction, earthquake-caused tsunamis and seiches, andearthquake-caused flooding from dam or dike failures.1.1.2 Earthquake-caused fires and toxic materials releasesare not hazards considered in this practice.1.1.3 This practice does not purport to provide for

6、thepreservation of life safety, or prevention of building damageassociated with its use, or both.1.1.3.1 This practice does not address requirements of anyfederal, state, or local laws and regulations of building con-struction or maintenance. Users are cautioned that currentfederal, state, and local

7、 laws and regulations may differ fromthose in effect at the times of construction or modification ofthe building(s), or both.1.1.3.2 This practice does not address the contractual andlegal obligations between prior and subsequent Users ofseismic risk assessment reports or between providers whoprepar

8、ed the report and those who would like to use such priorreports.1.1.3.3 This practice does not address the contractual andlegal obligations between a provider and a user, and otherparties, if any.1.1.4 It is the responsibility of the owner of the building(s)to establish appropriate life-safety and d

9、amage preventionpractices and determine the applicability of current regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.2 Considerations not included in the scope: the impacts ofdamage to contents, loss of income(s), rents, or other economicbenefits of use of the property, or from legal judgments, firesprinkler w

10、ater-induced damage or fire.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E2026 Guide fo

11、r Seismic Risk Assessment of Buildings2.2 Other Standards:4UBC-97 Uniform Building Code, 1997 EditionIBC International Building Code, current edition2.3 ASCE Standards:5ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and OtherStructures, current editionASCE 41 Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of ExistingBu

12、ildings, current edition3. Terminology3.1 See also definitions in Guide E2026.3.2 475-year site ground motions, nseismic inducedground motions at a site with approximately: a return period of475 years, a 10 % probability of exceedance in 50 years, and anannual frequency of 0.21 %. Also referred to a

13、s the DBE.3.3 field assessor, nfield assessor, as defined in GuideE2026.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 onWhole Buildings and Facilities.Current edition approved May 15, 2016. Publishe

14、d June 2016. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E2557-16. DOI:10.1520/E2557-16A.2Portions of this publication reproduce content from the 1997 Uniform BuildingCode, International Code Council, Inc., Falls Church, Virginia. Reproduced withpermission. All rights reser

15、ved.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from International Code Council (ICC), 500 New

16、 Jersey Ave., NW,6th Floor, Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.iccsafe.org.5Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United

17、States13.4 independent reviewer, nindependent reviewer, as de-fined in Guide E2026.3.5 lateral load-resisting system, nlateral load-resistingsystem, as defined in Guide E2026.3.6 MCE, nMaximum Capable Earthquake, as defined inGuide E2026.3.7 probable loss (PL), nprobable loss, as defined inGuide E20

18、26.3.7.1 DiscussionWhen there are multiple buildings in theseismic risk assessment, then the damageability values for thegroup of buildings is to be determined as specified in GuideE2026.3.8 probable maximum loss (PML), nprobable maximumloss, as defined in Guide E2026.3.9 provider, nprovider, as def

19、ined in Guide E2026.3.10 scenario expected loss (SEL), nscenario expectedloss, as defined in Guide E2026.3.10.1 DiscussionWhen there are multiple buildings inthe assessment then the SEL for the group of buildings is to bedetermined as specified in Guide E2026, Section 5.3.3.11 scenario loss (SL), ns

20、cenario loss, as defined inGuide E2026.3.11.1 DiscussionWhen multiple buildings are in the seis-mic risk assessment, then the SL for the group of buildings isto be determined as specified in Guide E2026, Section 5.3.3.12 scenario upper loss (SUL), nscenario upper loss, asdefined in Guide E2026.3.12.

21、1 DiscussionWhen there are multiple buildings inthe assessment then the SUL for the group of buildings is to bedetermined as specified in Guide E2026, Section 5.3.3.13 SEL475, nthe scenario expected loss due to theoccurrence of 10 %/50-year site ground motions.3.14 SELMCE,nthe scenario expected loss

22、 due to theoccurrence of MCE site ground motions.3.15 senior assessor, nsenior assessor, as defined in GuideE2026.3.16 significant damage, nsignificant damage, as definedin Guide E20263.17 SUL475, nthe scenario upper loss due to the occur-rence of 10 %/50-year site ground motions.3.18 SULMCE,nthe sc

23、enario upper loss due to the occur-rence of MCE site ground motions.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The objectives of this practice are as follows:4.1.1 To synthesize and document good commercial prac-tice for the determination and rating of seismic risk forbuildings.4.1.2 To facilitate standardization of

24、 earthquake risk evalu-ation terminology for financial transactions.4.1.3 To establish an industry standard for the requirementsto evaluate the financial risk for real estate.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended for use as a voluntary standardby parties who wish to undertake the seis

25、mic risk assessment ofproperties. The goal is for users to objectively and reliablycompare the financial risks of earthquake damage to buildings,or groups of buildings, on a consistent basis.5.2 This practice is designed to provide requirements for theevaluation of earthquake damage risk so that tec

26、hnical reportsprepared for the evaluation and rating of seismic risk of abuilding(s) will be adequate for use by other entities. Potentialusers including, but are not be limited to, those making equityinvestments, lending, and financial transactions, includingsecuritized mortgage lending by mortgage

27、 originators, loanservicers, underwriters, rating agencies, and purchasers ofbonds secured by the real estate.5.3 The use of this practice may permit a user to satisfy, inpart, their requirements for due diligence in assessing apropertys potential for losses associated with earthquakes forreal estat

28、e transactions.6. Due-Diligence Investigation6.1 The site stability, building stability and building dam-ageability of the property shall be assessed.6.2 The user shall specify the condition of the property to beevaluated. The seismic performance can be evaluated for theproperty in its current condi

29、tion, or as changed by proposedmodification of the seismic response of the soils supporting thebuilding or a proposed seismically retrofitted condition of thebuilding(s) or its sections, or any combination of these condi-tions.6.2.1 The proposed seismic modifications of the site mustbe sufficiently

30、described to allow evaluation of the modifica-tions by an Independent Reviewer.6.2.2 The proposed seismic modifications of the buildingsystems must be sufficiently described to allow evaluation ofthe modifications by an Independent Reviewer.6.3 The Guide E2026 level of investigation shall be speci-f

31、ied by the user. The same level of investigation should beperformed for each type of the seismic risk assessment.Appendix X2 gives guidance on the setting of the level ofinvestigation.6.4 The qualifications of the Provider shall be specified asrequired for the level of investigation specified in 6.3

32、 of GuideE2026. The qualifications level must be equal to or higher thanthe corresponding level specified in 6.2 and 6.3. Appendix X1gives further guidance on the setting of minimum qualifica-tions.6.4.1 For an assessment of Level 1 or higher, the qualifica-tions of Senior Assessor and the Field Ass

33、essor of the propertyand its buildings shall be those of Guide E2026 Sections6.2.3.2 and 6.2.3.3.6.4.2 Notwithstanding the asserted level of investigation ofa report, if the Senior Assessor or the Field Assessor, or both,do not demonstrate the qualifications of Guide E2026 Section6.2.3.2 and 6.2.3.3

34、, then the report shall be designated a Level0 report.E2557 16a26.5 Seismic Risk Assessment ReportThe findings shall bereported in conformance to the requirements of Guide E2026for the level of investigation specified by the user in 6.3 and bya provider qualified in accordance with the requirements

35、of 6.4,with the following sections:6.5.1 A summary that contains the conclusions of theseismic risk assessment:6.5.1.1 Location of the building(s), characterization of thesite and site soils, and gravity and lateral load-resistingsystems.6.5.1.2 Stability determination of each building site undercon

36、sideration when subjected to the seismic loadings for thebuilding site location and building characteristics as set forth inSection 9 of Guide E2026. Site stability determination needonly be qualitative in nature for an SS0 investigation. For SS1investigations the site stability is a qualitative ass

37、essment thatincludes the implications on damage to the building structuralelements. For SS2 and SS3 investigations the site should beconsidered unstable if significant damage is caused to thebuilding by the site instability.6.5.1.3 Stability determination of each building under con-sideration in the

38、 seismic loadings for the building site locationand building characteristics and for the level of investigationspecified, as set forth in Section 8 of Guide E2026.6.5.1.4 The building damageability values for the buildingor group of buildings as a whole for the level of investigationspecified as set

39、 forth in Section 10 of Guide E2026.(1) PML shall be user-defined. At a minimum, the SELDBEand SULDBEshall be reported.NOTE 1CMBS industry is currently defining PML as SELDBE.Itisadvisable that SEL and SUL values also be reported for MCE events inareas of low and moderate seismicity areas where MCE

40、poses significantlyhigher risk than the DBE.6.5.1.5 A specification of the level of investigation for eachassessment and a review of the methods used and the personnelengaged.6.5.1.6 Results for each of the conditions described in 6.2that apply.6.5.1.7 Appropriate reliance language for the report an

41、dsignature. For Level 1 or higher investigations, the professionalseal of the provider.6.5.1.8 All deletions and deviations from this practice (ifany) shall be listed individually and in detail.6.5.1.9 The report conclusion shall include the followingstatement: “We have performed a probable maximum

42、loss(PML) evaluation for earthquake due diligence assessment inconformance with the scope and limitations of Guide E2026and Practice E2557 for a Level XX (specify) assessment ofinsert address or legal description, the property. Any excep-tions to, or deletions from, this practice are described inSec

43、tionofthis report. This probable maximum loss (PML)evaluation for earthquake due diligence assessment has deter-mined the PML to be %.” PML is defined as fill in thedefinition used. The project meets/does not meet the build-ing stability and meets/does not meet the site stabilityrequirements.6.5.1.1

44、0 Each report should include a completed AppendixX4.6.5.1.11 Each report should include a completed AppendixX5.6.5.2 A body of the report that provides:6.5.2.1 All detailed reporting information required by GuideE2026, Section 13, including the basis and background for thework performed in support o

45、f the conclusions presented in thereport.6.5.2.2 PML values for each building, and, if appropriate,for the group of buildings.(1) Report of any other information required by the user,which may include business interruption, and contents dam-ageability.(2) The organization that commissioned the repor

46、t and theprofessional liability limitations of the report provider shall bedisclosed in the report.6.5.3 Attachments and appendices to the report as appropri-ate including detailed resumes of the Senior Assessor and theField Assessor that demonstrate their qualifications to performthis work as state

47、d in this Practice.E2557 16a3APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. GUIDANCE FOR USE OF E2557INTRODUCTIONThis Appendix provides guidance to decision makers for sorting their way through the intricaciesof seismic risk assessment. Usually a due-diligence financial decision is posed as should thetrans

48、action be considered further or not? A PML assessment is commissioned to understand if thereis a seismic hazard at the property and the extent of the risk it poses. The process used to completePML assessments should consider the various sources of uncertainty as well as the financial and otherconseq

49、uences that may arise when a good building is called bad (Type I error), or when a badbuilding is called good (Type II error). An error of the first type precludes a possibly profitableinvestment but otherwise is benign in that it does not lead to a loss, whereas the latter error has a higherrisk than is nominally acceptable and may lead to large loss. Type II errors lead to unexpectedly higherrisks and should be minimized consistent with other objectives of the User. Experience of the ASTMCommittee members suggests that the likelihood of

copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1