1、Designation: E2912 17 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFire Test of Non-Mechanical Fire Dampers Used in VentedConstruction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2912; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the ability ofnon-mechanical fire dampers us
3、ed in vented construction in itsopen state to limit passage of hot gases, radiation, and flamesduring a prescribed fire test exposure. The fire exposurecondition in this test method is sudden direct flameimpingement, which produces these hot gases, radiation, andflames.NOTE 1Non-mechanical fire damp
4、ers can be used in vented construc-tion. Vented constructions may be parts of buildings including walls,floors, ceilings and concealed spaces and cavities used for air transfer andto allow ventilation in structures without ductwork. Non-mechanical firedampers can be located adjacent to combustible c
5、onstruction or materialsand situated in exposed or concealed locations, or both. Unlike typical fireresistive assemblies, vented construction uses non-mechanical fire damp-ers to allow air transfer without the use of ducts. Resistance to flame,radiation, and hot gases may be requirements when direct
6、 flame impinge-ment is a credible risk, or when no penetration of flames is required by theauthority having jurisdiction, or both. The proposed test method providesprocedures that enable an assessment of this direct flame impingement onnon-mechanical fire dampers. This test method does not alter any
7、requirements for non-mechanical fire dampers used in fire resistance ratedconstruction and assemblies.1.2 This fire-test-response standard is intended to provide ameans to assess the reaction of a non-mechanical fire damperused in vented construction to sudden direct flameimpingement, or as a supple
8、ment to existing fire-resistive testmethods, or both.1.3 This test method does not circumvent or eliminate thefire resistance rating requirements for construction. The fireresistance rating of construction shall be tested in accordancewith published fire-resistance test standards as appropriate fort
9、he relevant application of the construction, or as required bythe authority having jurisdiction (regulatory authority), or both.Non-mechanical fire dampers shall be tested to the appropriatefire-resistive test standards required for their application inorder to determine a fire resistance rating in
10、those construc-tions.NOTE 2Some of the major international standards developmentorganizations (SDO) include, but are not limited to, ASTM International,CEN, ISO, UL, and ULC. Some examples of standards employingstandard time-temperature curves for fire exposure used to determine aconstructions fire
11、resistance rating include, but are not limited to, thefollowing: Test Methods E119, E814, E1966, E2307, UL 10B, UL 10C,UL 555, UL 555C etc. The term “authority having jurisdiction” is definedin Practice E2174.1.4 This test method specifies the fire exposure conditions,fire test protocol, and criteri
12、a to evaluate an open state.NOTE 3There are currently no published test methods (nationally orinternationally) that address the application of sudden direct flameimpingement on non-mechanical fire dampers used in vented construction.In the European Union (EU), CEN (European Committee for Standard-iz
13、ation) has very recently started a work item to address reaction to suddendirect flame impingement on non-mechanical fire dampers. Also, in theEU, some countries have used large scale tests with 5MW fire exposuresto assess test specimens reactions to sudden direct flame impingement aspart of the ent
14、ire building construction. Standard time-temperature curvesused to control gas-fired furnaces do not ensure a sudden direct flameimpingement on the test specimen, which this test method is designed todo. A post flashover condition, the spontaneous combustion of materials,ignition of a highly combust
15、ible material acting as the source of the fire(for example, stored cleaning solutions or fuels) or the location ofmaterials can create a fire scenario resulting in a sudden direct flameimpingement.1.5 Results generated by this test method provide thefollowing information:1.5.1 the open state fire pe
16、rformance of vented construction,and1.5.2 the non-mechanical fire dampers fire-test-responsecharacteristic when exposed to sudden direct flame impinge-ment.1.6 This test method does not provide quantitative informa-tion about the test assembly related to the leakage of smoke, orgases, or both.1.7 Th
17、is test method does not apply to a test assemblyhaving other components than those tested.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire
18、hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStand
19、ards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on FireResistance.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2912-13. DOI:10.1520/E2912-17.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of thi
20、s standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopmen
21、t of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredrequirements of this standard.1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.
22、No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
23、It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.13 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles o
24、n standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Bui
25、lding Constructionand MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE814 Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration FirestopSystemsE1966 Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint SystemsE2174 Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed FirestopsE2257 Test Method for
26、 Room Fire Test of Wall and CeilingMaterials and AssembliesE2307 Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance ofPerimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus2.2 UL Standards:3UL 10B Fire Tests of Door AssembliesUL 10C Positive Pressure Fire Tests of Door AssembliesUL 55
27、5 Fire DampersUL 555C Ceiling Dampers3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms defined in Terminologies E176 andE631 shall prevail for fire and building terms not defined in thisdocument.3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods andassociated with fire issues, refer to the definitions conta
28、ined inTerminology E176.3.1.2 For definitions of terms used in these test methods andassociated with building issues, refer to the definitions con-tained in Terminology E631.3.1.3 When there is a conflict between Terminology E176and Terminology E631 definitions, Terminology E176 defini-tions shall a
29、pply.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 closed state, nthe sealed or closed condition of anopening in vented construction.3.2.2 insulation, nability of a test assembly, when exposedto fire on one side, to restrict the temperature rise to belowspecified levels on its unexposed s
30、ide.3.2.3 integrity, nthe ability of a test assembly, whenexposed to fire from one side, to prevent the passage of flameor hot gases through it or the occurrence of flames on itsunexposed side.3.2.3.1 DiscussionIn this test method the integrity of thetest assembly is determined by Section 11, Integr
31、ity Test, andthe Ignition Test Procedure in Annex A2.3.2.4 non-mechanical fire damper, nventing device usedas part of vented construction intended to resist the transfer ofhot gas, radiation, and flame.3.2.5 open state, nthe unsealed or unclosed condition ofthe non-mechanical fire damper prior to be
32、ing closed or sealed.3.2.6 open state fire performance, nthe ability to limit thepassage of hot gases, radiation, and flames produced duringthis test methods standardized, sudden-flaming exposure.3.2.7 splice, na connection of parts of test specimenswithin the vented construction.3.2.8 test assembly
33、, nthe complete assembly of a testspecimen(s) installed in the vented construction.3.2.9 test specimen, na non-mechanical fire damper withspecific attributes such as material(s), gaps, shapes, size, andwidth.3.2.10 vented construction, na building element or con-struction feature (such as a floor, w
34、all, roof, ceiling, joint, dooror wall cavity, crawl space, air gap, etc.) that includes anopening(s) used for venting of spaces or as part of ductlessventilation equipped with one or more non-mechanical firedampers.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test assembly is subjected to a standardized fireex
35、posure created using a propane-powered gas burner regu-lated to a specific heat output as noted in 6.1.5.4.2 This test method is applicable to either horizontal orvertical test assemblies that are symmetrical or asymmetrical asreferenced in 7.5 and 7.6.4.3 The test assembly is conditioned at specifi
36、c temperatureand humidity ranges as stated in Section 9.4.4 This test method establishes a specific test procedure inSection 10 to measure the open state fire performance of ventedconstruction when exposed to hot gases, radiation, and flamesprior to, and including, its closed state.4.5 This test met
37、hod requires the time be reported at whichflaming occurs, if any, as noted in 13.1.19 based on informationobtained from 10.13, 11.1, and 11.2.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
38、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas,WA 98607-8542, http:/.E2912 1724.6 The open state fire performance is monitored using anintegrity test and an insulation test in accordance with
39、Sections11 and 12, respectively.4.7 This test method requires the time be reported whenindividual and average unexposed surface temperature read-ings exceed the limitations established by this test method asnoted in 13.1.20.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides for the followingobserv
40、ations, measurements and evaluations of an open stateduring the test fire.5.1.1 Ability of the test specimen to resist the passage offlames, radiation, and hot gases caused by sudden direct flameimpingement.5.1.2 Transmission of heat through the test specimen.5.2 This test method does not provide th
41、e following:5.2.1 Evaluation of the degree to which the test assemblycontributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxicgases, or other products of combustion.5.2.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation ofthe passage of smoke or products of combustion through thetest specimen o
42、r the test assembly.5.2.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of thetest specimen or the test assembly.5.2.4 Durability of the test specimen or test assembly underactual service conditions, including the effects of cycledtemperature.5.2.5 Effects of a load on the test specimen or test assem
43、bly.5.2.6 Any other attributes of the test specimen or the testassembly, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, airinfiltration, water-tightness, and so forth.5.3 The results of this test method shall not be used as analternative to, or a substitute for, requirements for a requiredfire resist
44、ance rating of building construction.6. Apparatus6.1 Fire Source:6.1.1 A gas burner shall be used as the fire source.6.1.2 The gas burner shall have a nominal 170 by 170 mmporous top surface consisting of a refractory material (forexample, sand) as shown in Fig. 1. Unless otherwise specified,the tol
45、erance for dimensions in figures shall be 65%.NOTE 4The burner and its output were selected to produce a suddendirect flame impingement on the test specimen that is constant. The burnerconfiguration and its output were based upon those prescribed in TestMethod E2257. The distance between the test sp
46、ecimen and the fire source(gas burner) was set to address variables typically seen in buildingoccupation that contribute to sudden direct flaming. Two of many possibleexamples are: (1) Interior vents located in storage rooms and offices wherecombustibles are stacked on top of filing cabinets, (2) Ex
47、terior vents inFIG. 1 Gas Burner Exposure Fire SourceE2912 173contact with landscaping (vegetation or forestation, or both). In manycases, these combustibles are just inches from the vent, which is open toallow airflow, and are subject to a sudden direct flame impingement.6.1.3 The burner shall be s
48、upplied with CP4grade propane(99 % purity) with a net heat of combustion of 46.5 6 0.5MJ/kg. The gas flow to the burner shall be measured to anaccuracy of at least 63 %. The flow measuring equipment shallbe calibrated per the manufacturers instructions at least onceper year.6.1.4 The heat output to
49、the burner shall be controlledwithin 65 % of the prescribed value.6.1.5 The gas supply to the burner shall produce a constantnet heat output of 300 6 10 kW for at least 10 min.6.2 Test Bench:6.2.1 The test bench shall be constructed of framing andshall use materials suited to withstand the duration of the firetest. Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance for dimensions infigures and text in this section shall be 65%.6.2.2 The test bench shall have the following surfacedimensions measured from inside the framing:6.2.2.1 Length 2300 mm.6.2.2.2 Width 1
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