ANSI ASTM E603-2017 Standard Guide for Room Fire Experiments.pdf

1、Designation: E603 17 An American National StandardStandard Guide forRoom Fire Experiments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide has been written to assist those planning to conduct full-scale compartment fireexperiments. There are many issues that should be

3、resolved before such an experimental program isinitiated, and this guide is written with the objective of identifying some of these issues and presentingconsiderations that will affect each choice of procedure.This guide deals with any or all stages of fire growth in a compartment. Whether it is a s

4、ingle- ormulti-room experiment, observations can be made from ignition to flashover or beyond full-roominvolvement.One major reason for conducting research on room fires is to learn about the room fire buildupprocess so the results of standard fire test methods can be related to performance in full-

5、scale roomfires, allowing the further refinement of these test methods or development of new ones.Another reason concerns computer fire modeling. Full-scale tests can generate data needed formodeling. Comparisons of modeling with full-scale test results can serve to validate the model.The various re

6、sults among room fire tests reflect different experimental conditions. The intent of thisguide is to identify these conditions and discuss their effects so meaningful comparisons can be madeamong the room fire experiments conducted by various organizations.1. Scope1.1 This guide addresses means of c

7、onducting full-scale fireexperiments that evaluate the fire-test-response characteristicsof materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire condi-tions.1.2 It is intended as a guide for the design of the experimentand for the use and interpretation of its results. The guide isalso useful for es

8、tablishing laboratory conditions that simulatea given set of fire conditions to the greatest extent possible.1.3 This guide allows users to obtain fire-test-responsecharacteristics of materials, products, or assemblies, which areuseful data for describing or appraising their fire performanceunder ac

9、tual fire conditions.1.3.1 The results of experiments conducted in accordancewith this guide are also useful elements for making regulatorydecisions regarding fire safety requirements. The use forregulatory purposes of data obtained from experiments con-ducted using this guide requires that certain

10、conditions andcriteria be specified by the regulating authority.1.4 The rationale for conducting room fire experiments inaccordance with this guide is shown in 1.5 1.8.1.5 Room fire experiments are a means of generating inputdata for computer fire models and for providing output datawith which to co

11、mpare modeling results.1.6 One of the major reasons for conducting room fireexperiments is as an experimental means of assessing thepotential fire hazard associated with the use of a material orproduct in a particular application. This should be borne inmind when designing nonstandard experiments.1.

12、7 A rationale for conducting room fire experiments is thecase when smaller-scale fire tests inadequately represent end-use applications.1.8 Afurther rationale for conducting room fire experimentsis to verify the results obtained with smaller scale tests, tounderstand the scaling parameters for such

13、tests.1.9 Room fire tests can be placed into four main categories:reconstruction, simulation, research, and standardization.1.10 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorpo

14、rate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standardsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and CombustionProducts.Cu

15、rrent edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E603 - 13. DOI: 10.1520/E0603-17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standar

16、d was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11.11 Thi

17、s standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This internationa

18、l standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committe

19、e.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardization andCalibration of Hand-Held Moisture MetersD5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of InsulatingMaterials Containe

20、d in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationD5537 Test Method for Heat Release, Flame Spread, SmokeObscuration, and Mass Loss Testing of Insulating Mate-rials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables WhenBurning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configurat

21、ionE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or GeneratedDuring FiresE906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using a ThermopileMethodE1321 Test Method for Determining Material Ignition andFlame Spread PropertiesE1354 Tes

22、t Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE1355 Guide for Evaluating the Predictive Capability ofDeterministic Fire ModelsE1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-tureE1590 Test Method for Fire Testing of Mattre

23、ssesE1822 Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked ChairsE2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calo-rimetry Fire TestsE2257 Test Method for Room Fire Test of Wall and CeilingMaterials and AssembliesE3057 Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using Direc-tional Flame Thermometers with Advance

24、d Data AnalysisTechniques2.2 UL Standards:3UL 1040 Fire Test of Insulated Wall ConstructionUL 1715 Fire Test of Interior Finish Material2.3 ICBO Standards:4Uniform Building Code Standard UBC 8-2 Standard TestMethod for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution ofTextile WallcoveringsUniform Building

25、Code Standard UBC 26-3 Room Fire TestStandard for Interior of Foam Plastic Systems2.4 FM Standard:5FM 4880 Large Scale Open Building Corner Test2.5 ISO Standards:6ISO 9705 Fire TestsFull Scale Room Fire Tests for Sur-face ProductsISO 13943 Fire SafetyVocabularyISO 17025 General Requirements for the

26、Competence ofTesting and Calibration LaboratoriesGUM, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measure-ment2.6 NFPA Standards:7NFPA 265 Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room FireGrowth Contribution of Textile Wall CoveringsNFPA 286 Standard Method of Tests for Evaluating Contri-bution of Wall a

27、nd Ceiling Interior Finish to Room FireGrowthNFPA 555 Guide on Methods for Evaluating Potential forRoom Flashover2.7 Other Standard:8DASMA 107 -98 (03) Room Fire Test Standard for GarageDoors Using Foam Plastic Insulation3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide

28、 and asso-ciated with fire issues, refer to the terminology contained inTerminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, theterminology in Terminology E176 shall prevail.3.1.2 heat release rate, nthe thermal energy released perunit time by an item during combustion under specifiedconditions.3.1.

29、3 oxygen consumption principle, nthe expression ofthe relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed duringcombustion and the heat released.3.1.4 smoke obscuration, nreduction of light transmissionby smoke, as measured by light attenuation.3.1.5 total heat released, nintegrated value of the rate o

30、fheat release, for a specified time period.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 full-scale test, na test in which the product(s) to betested is utilized in the same size as in its end use.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custome

31、r Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook,IL 60062.4Available from International Conference of Building Officials, 5

32、360 WorkmanMill Rd. Whittier, CA 90601.5Available from Factory Mutual Research Corporation, 1151 Boston-ProvidenceTurnpike, P.O. Box 9102, Norwood, MA 02662.6Available from International Organization for Standardization, P.O. Box 56,CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.7Available from National Fire Prote

33、ction Association, Batterymarch Park,Quincy, MA 02269.8Available from Door and Access Systems Manufacturers AssociationInternational, 1300 Summer Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115-2851.E603 1723.2.1.1 DiscussionIn practical applications, this term isusually applied to tests where the item to be tested is

34、largerthan would fit in a bench-scale test.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide does not define a standard room fire test. Itdoes, however, set down many of the considerations for such atest, for example, room size and shape, ventilation, specimendescription, ignition source, instrumentation, and safet

35、y con-siderations that must be decided on in the design of a room fireexperiment. It discusses performance criteria for the particulararray of finishing and furnishing products that comprise theroom. The behavior of any particular product in the roomdepends on the other products and materials presen

36、t and howthey are arranged in relation to one another.4.2 Whether a particular arrangement simulates the evalua-tion desired depends on the size and location of the ignitionsource. It is therefore important that the ignition sourcesimulate, insofar as possible, an initiating fire for the desiredscen

37、ario.4.3 The time to flashover is often considered (for example inroom-corner tests) the time from the start of test until any twoof the following conditions have been attained:(1) The heat release rate exceeds 1 MW in a standardASTM/ISO room (sixed 2.4 by 3.7 by 2.4 m; 8 by 12 by 8 ft).This criteri

38、on is the first criterion used by room corner testssuch as NFPA 286.(2) The heat flux on the compartment floor exceeds 20kW/m2.(3) The average upper air temperature exceeds 600C.(4) Flames exit the compartment door.(5) Radiant heat ignition of a cellulosic (cotton or paper)indicator on the floor occ

39、urs.4.3.1 Other possible performance criteria indicating flash-over include the total amount or rate of smoke and heatreleased, the extent of the flame spread for a low-energyignition source, and the size of the primary ignition sourcerequired.4.3.2 Where multi-room experiments are being conducted,f

40、lashover may not be an appropriate performance criteria. Infact, the experiments may have to be conducted beyondflashover. Post-flashover is usually required in the test room inorder to observe high levels of toxic gases and smoke in remoterooms or flame spread in adjoining surface areas. Otherperfo

41、rmance criteria could be the levels of combustion prod-ucts that impair visibility and cause incapacitation or lethalityin remote rooms.4.4 Primary ignition sources include gas burners, woodcribs, waste containers, and pools of liquid fuel. Waste con-tainers and wood cribs have the advantage of pres

42、enting a solidfuel fire with some feedback effects and a luminous flame thatappears to simulate the burning of furniture. However, the gasburner is the best choice for most fire experiments because ofits reproducibility. The placement of the ignition source de-pends on the desired effect on the targ

43、et material.4.5 The instrumentation for measuring burning rate, heatrelease rate, heat flux, temperature, upper layer depth, airvelocity, flame spread, smoke, and gas concentration isdiscussed, along with suggested locations.Aminimum level ofinstrumentation is also suggested.4.6 A typical compartmen

44、t size is 2.4 by 3.7 m 8 by 12 ft,with a 2.4-m 8-ft high ceiling.Astandard-size doorway (0.80by 2.0-m high) should be located in one wall, probably in oneof the shorter ones. The top of the doorway should be at least0.4 m 16 in. down from the ceiling to partially contain smokeand hot gases.4.7 Insof

45、ar as possible, the construction details of the walland ceiling, as well as any enclosed insulation, should dupli-cate the room being simulated. Boundary surfaces that do notform the specimen should also be constructed of materialsconsistent with the room being simulated (see 6.2.3).4.8 The safety o

46、f observers and the crew extinguishing thefire is emphasized strongly in this guide.4.9 The analysis of data should include a comparison of thecritical times, heat fluxes, temperatures, heat release rate, andsmoke generation in the room with ignition, flame spread, andsmoke properties of the specime

47、n materials. This would aid inthe development or modification of small-scale tests and wouldprovide useful information for assisting in the development ofanalytical room fire models.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide provides assistance for planning room firetests. The object of each experiment i

48、s to evaluate the role ofa material, product, or system in the fire growth within one ormore compartments.5.2 The relationship between laboratory fire test methodsand actual room fires can be investigated by the use offull-scale and reduced-scale experiments. This guide is aimedat establishing a bas

49、is for conducting full-scale experiments forthe study of room fire growth.5.3 Room fire tests can be placed into four main categories:reconstruction, simulation, research and standardization.5.3.1 Reconstruction room fire tests are full scale replicatesof a fire scene with the geometry, materials, contents, andignition source intended to duplicate a particular scenario. Theusual purpose of such a test is to evaluate what happened orwhat might happen in such a scenario.5.3.2 Simulation room fire tests are comparable to recon-struction fire tests, except that not all of