ANSI ASTM F1014-2002 Standard Specification for Flashlights on Vessels《船用闪光灯规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F1014 02 (Reapproved 2012)1An American National StandardStandard Specification forFlashlights on Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye

2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1NOTEReapproved with editorial changes

3、 in October 2012.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers three types of flashlights (seeSection 4).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method

4、 portion, Section 9, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety, health andenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofr

5、egulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trad

6、e Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Military Standard:2MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Attributes2.2 UL Standard:3UL Standard No. 783 Standard for Safety Electric Flash-lights and Lanterns for Use in Hazardous (Classifie

7、d)Locations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lota manufacturers production run for a specific typeof flashlight.3.1.2 order batchthe size of a specific contract or pur-chase order taken from the lot.3.1.3 production testingthe testing performed during a lotrun of

8、 specific flashlights.4. Classification4.1 The three types of flashlights covered in this specifica-tion are classified as follows:4.1.1 Type IFlashlights for use in lifeboats and liferafts.4.1.2 Type IIFlashlights for use in hazardous locationswhere fire or explosion hazards may exist due to the pr

9、esenceof flammable gases or vapors, flammable liquids, combustibledust, or ignitable fibers or flyings.4.1.3 Type IIIFlashlights for use in lifeboats and liferaftsand suitable for hazardous locations.4.2 Type I flashlights shall be manufactured in accordancewith Sections 211. Type II flashlights sha

10、ll meet therequirements in Sections 11 and 12. Type III flashlights shallmeet the requirements in Sections 212.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 MaterialsAll materials used in the construction ofthese flashlights shall be of a quality suitable for the purposeintended and shall conform to the requireme

11、nts of this speci-fication.5.2 ManufacturePlastic, when used, shall be a suitablethermoplastic or thermosetting material so molded as toproduce a dense solid structure, uniform in texture, finish, andmechanical properties.6. General Requirements6.1 Each flashlight shall be a three-cell light.6.2 Eac

12、h flashlight shall provide a concentrated beam oflight. When used in this specification, a concentrated beam oflight is light projected in a nearly parallel beam and is used toilluminate objects at considerable distances.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand

13、 Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.10 onElectrical.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1014 02 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/F1014-02R12E01.2Available from DLA Document Servi

14、ces, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.3Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd.,Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United St

15、atesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to T

16、rade (TBT) Committee.16.3 The flashlight shall show no leakage of water and shallbe in perfect working order following the test prescribed in 9.2.6.4 The proportions and design of each flashlight shall besuch that the assembled unit complete with lamp and cells shallbe capable of withstanding, witho

17、ut breakage or materialdistortion of any part and without upsetting the lamp focus, thetest specified in 9.6. Damage of lamp filament or shifting offilament within the lamp as a result of this test shall not because for rejection of the flashlight if the flashlight operateswhen the spare lamp is use

18、d.6.5 Each flashlight must be furnished with two lamps. Oneof these lamps is a spare and must be contained within the bodyof the flashlight, either in the end cap or reflector head area.6.6 All metal parts of each flashlight shall be made ofcorrosion-resistant material. All copper or copper-alloy pa

19、rtscoming in contact with rubber shall not corrode or disintegratethe rubber.6.7 The construction of each flashlight shall be such that ametallic contact outside the case cannot close the battery circuitand cause the light to come on.6.8 Each flashlight shall be provided with means to preventit from

20、 rolling.7. Physical Requirements7.1 DimensionsEach flashlight shall not exceed 1112 in.(292 mm) in length and shall have a lens ring diameter of nomore than 212 in. (63.5 mm).7.2 Case, Lens Head Ring, and End Cap:7.2.1 The flashlight case must be suitable to receive threecommercial D-size dry cells

21、. The exterior of the flashlight shallhave molded flutes or ribs to provide a satisfactory grippingsurface when wet. Cells must be held in the case undersufficient pressure to ensure good contact and to preventbreaking of the circuit when the flashlight is tested in accor-dance with 9.1.2. The flash

22、light must be constructed so that thecells are readily replaceable.7.2.2 The case, ring, and cap, need not be made of the samematerial but cooperating threaded surfaces should be of thesame type material.7.3 LensThe lens shall be of good quality, laminated,shatter-proof glass or clear plastic, free

23、from bubbles, striae,wrinkles, or other defects and blemishes that would affect thelight distribution. The lens shall be secured to the lens headring by a suitable retaining ring or other device so as to preventit from being dropped when the lens head ring is unscrewed.7.4 ReflectorThe reflector may

24、 be of metal or plastic andmust have sufficient rigidity so as not to become distorted whenthe flashlight is completely assembled with cells and lamp. Itmust have an essentially parabolic reflecting surface, highlypolished and resistant to corrosion and discoloration. Thereflector shall be 134 614 i

25、n. (44 6 6 mm) in diameter.7.5 LampsThe lamps shall be appropriate for use withalkaline or carbon-zinc batteries. Each lamp must have a lamplife of at least 15 h at the rated battery voltage.7.6 Lamp HolderThe lamp shall be firmly positioned inthe reflector. It shall be so positioned that the lamp,

26、whenassembled in the holder, shall have its filament located at thefocus of the reflector, with the accuracy necessary to produce aconcentrated beam of light as specified in 9.7. It shall havesufficient rigidity so as not to become distorted when theflashlight is completely assembled with cells and

27、lamp. Meansshall be provided to protect the lamp from damage by batteryimpact and for conveniently removing and replacing the lamp.The mounting adjustment shall have sufficient stability toretain the focal adjustment of the lamp under a condition ofvibration, and when the flashlight is tested in acc

28、ordance with9.1.2.7.7 SwitchThe switch shall be conveniently located andsecurely attached to the flashlight. It shall be provided with apermanent “ON” position, a manually operable signaling or“FLASHING” position, and a locked “OFF” position. It shallbe provided with means to prevent accidental clos

29、ing of thelamp circuit. The switch parts and switch contact strip shall beadequately insulated so that it will be impossible for metal-cladcells to close a circuit when the switch is on the “OFF”position. The flashlight shall be designed with a switch guard.Contact springs shall be of phosphor bronz

30、e, spring brass, orother corrosion-resistant equivalent material.7.8 Suspension MemberEach flashlight shall be equippedwith a suitable suspension ring or clip. The ring or clip shall betested as specified in 9.8.8. Workmanship8.1 Flashlights shall be of sturdy construction and free ofmechanical, ele

31、ctrical, or other imperfections or defects thatmaterially affect appearance or that may affect quality,reliability, or serviceability. The finished flashlight shall notcontain rough edges, burrs, blemishes, or other disfigurementsand shall be clean, free from rust, toolmarks, pits, and otherinjuriou

32、s defects.8.1.1 Threaded parts shall be smooth and close fitting andshall be capable of being easily moved by hand relative to eachother. Threaded parts shall not jump or change adjustmentwhen being put together or when subjected to the tests inSection 9.9. Test Methods9.1 Switches:9.1.1 Switch Leak

33、ageWith the lamp and reflectorremoved, insert fresh batteries into the flashlight. Connect avoltmeter across the switch and battery or the switch andbattery contacts, as appropriate, in such a way as to read thebattery voltage through the switch. With the switch in the“OFF” position, read the voltag

34、e. Any distinguishable deflec-tion of the meter hand when the meter is set in the voltagerange, nearest the battery voltage, shall constitute failure of thistest.9.1.2 OperationInsert batteries into the flashlight andoperate the switch five times in each of the three switchpositions. Shake the flash

35、light vigorously in each “ON” and“FLASHING” switch position. The flashlight must not go offF1014 02 (2012)12when shaken vigorously while the switch is in the “ON” or“FLASHING” position.9.1.3 Switch EnduranceTest the contact switch mecha-nism of the flashlight by operating the switch for 25 000contin

36、uous cycles. A cycle shall consist of movements from“OFF” position through the full “ON” and “FLASHING”positions and back to “OFF” position. Operate the switch undernormal electrical load conditions, and replace the lamp andbatteries as often as required to ensure that the switch mecha-nism is opera

37、ting under normal load throughout the 25 000cycles. Burning out of bulbs and batteries during the test shallnot constitute failure of this test. Failure of the switch tocomplete 25 000 cycles shall constitute failure of this test.9.2 WatertightnessTest the flashlight as follows:9.2.1 Submerge the as

38、sembled flashlight in a salt watersolution (1.04 sp gr) under a head of 1 ft (0.3 m) for a periodof 24 h at a water temperature of 65F (18C). Remove theflashlight and wipe off the excess water. The total waterabsorption shall not exceed 5 % weight. The flashlight shall becapable of being disassemble

39、d and reassembled without unduedifficulty upon completion of the test and shall be in perfectworking order.9.3 Impact:9.3.1 Test ConditionsPlace the flashlight, without batter-ies installed, in a cold chamber at 40 6 5F (40 6 3C) for2 h. With the flashlight stabilized at this temperature, immedi-ate

40、ly subject it to the low- and high-impact test specified in9.3.2 and 9.3.3. Apply the point of impact to the following:9.3.1.1 The outside of the flashlight case at a point midwaybetween the ends of the case on a side 90 from the switch,9.3.1.2 The switch (in the “ON” position and in the “OFF”positi

41、on),9.3.1.3 The lens cap, and9.3.1.4 The end cap.9.3.2 Low ImpactSubject the flashlight to a 12-lbfin. (1.4Nm) impact using a 1-lb (0.4-kg) steel ball at each of thepoints of impact specified in 9.3.1. Provided the flashlightremains intact, next subject the flashlight to the watertightnesstest (see

42、9.2). There shall be no evidence of breakage fromimpact or moisture in the case.9.3.3 High ImpactAfter the flashlight passes the low-impact test, again place the flashlight in the cold chamber at40F 6 5F (40 6 3C) for 2 h, and then immediatelysubject it to a 20 lbfin. (2.3 Nm) impact using a 1-lb (0

43、.4-kg)steel ball at each of the points of impact specified above. Thereshall be no evidence of damage to the case, the lens, or the endcap.9.4 Environmental:9.4.1 Heat and HumidityPlace the flashlight, with drycells, on a horizontal surface and subject to dry heat at 150 65F (65.6 6 3C) for 16 h, fo

44、llowed by an 85 6 5 % relativehumidity at 100 6 2F (38 6 1C) for 6 h. The flashlight shallbe compared with untested flashlights for dimensional stability,crazing of surface, and then tested to determine that theflashlight operates in accordance with 9.1.2.9.5 CorrosionSubject the flashlights, withou

45、t dry cells, tosalt spray for 200 h. Then wash the flashlight with fresh water,dry, and then test to determine that the flashlight operates inaccordance with 9.1.2. There shall be no evidence of corrosion.9.6 Rough UseDrop the flashlight, complete with drycells, lamps, and lens, 5 ft (1.5 m) in free

46、 fall onto avinyl-asbestos tiled concrete floor. Drop the flashlight twice ina horizontal position upon the switch, with the switch in the“ON” position, twice in a horizontal position upon the switch,with the switch in the “OFF” position, twice in a verticalposition upon the head of the flashlight,

47、and upon the base ofthe flashlight. Do not tighten parts once the test has begun.There shall be no evidence of damage to any part of theflashlight. Then test the flashlight in accordance with 9.1.3.9.7 Light ProjectionThe flashlight must project a concen-trated beam of light not less than 5 in. (127

48、 mm) nor more than11 in. (279 mm) in diameter when located 5 ft (1.524 m) froma screen. The plane of the screen must be perpendicular to theoptical axis of the flashlight.9.8 End Cap RingThe end cap ring shall support a weightof 25 lb (11.3 kg) for 1 min without evidence of distortion.10. Marking, P

49、ackaging, and Packing10.1 Product MarkingEach flashlight conforming to allthe requirements in this specification shall be marked with thename, brand, or trademark of the manufacturer, this ASTMspecification number, the type of flashlight (Type I, Type II, orType III), and any other information as may be specified in thecontract or purchase order.10.2 Packaging and PackingUnless otherwise specifiedby the customer in the contract or purchase order, the flashlightshall be packaged, packed, and marked in accordance wit