ANSI ASTM F1322-2015 Standard Guide for Selection of Shipboard Incinerators.pdf

1、Designation: F1322 15 An American National StandardStandard Guide forSelection of Shipboard Incinerators1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers selection criteria to assist procurers inselecting the appropriate incinerator for their needs.1.2 This gui

3、de is a companion document to SpecificationF1323.1.3 This guide does not apply to incinerator systems onspecial incinerator ships, for example, for burning industrialwastes such as chemicals, manufacturing residues, and soforth.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The val

4、ues given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1323 Specification for Shipboard Incinerators2.2 Other Document:3MARPOL 73 783. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.

5、1 batch feeding, nnon-continuous feeding incineratorwhere the combustion chamber shall be cooled down betweenplacing solid waste into the combustion chamber.3.1.2 continuous feeding, npump transfer of sludge oilinto the incinerator combustion chamber on a continuous basis;also, the feeding of solid

6、waste into the combustion chamberby a screw conveyor or sluice system.3.1.3 sludge oil, nresidual from fuel and lubricating oilseparators, oily waste from machinery and hydraulic powerunits, drip trays, and oil-water separators.3.1.4 sluice system, ntrap door system, whereby it ispossible in a safe

7、manner to feed solid waste into thecombustion chamber while the incinerator is operating at hightemperature.3.1.5 solid waste, ncombustible trash, garbage, and rub-bish (see also 7.4).3.1.6 waste, nunneeded or useless matter which is to bediscarded.4. Selecting the Incinerator Size and Installed Loc

8、ation4.1 A number of factors will govern the selection of the sizeand type of shipboard incinerator and full consideration mustbe given to each. The installed operating location of the unit isof equal importance to ensure low-cost operating, ease ofcharging, ease of cleaning, and so forth. Considera

9、tion shouldbe given to the following:4.1.1 Maximum amount of each type of waste that will beincinerated each day (see Section 5).4.1.2 The normal number of hours per day that the incin-erator will be in operation.4.1.3 Loading procedure (batch/continuous) over operatinghours.4.1.4 Can wet and dry ma

10、terial be loaded into the incinera-tor so that a large volume of auxiliary fuel is not required?4.1.5 Can the incinerator be installed on the ship in alocation near the major source of refuse so as to minimize themanpower requirements during loading operations?4.1.6 Ash removal, if the incinerator i

11、s installed in themachinery space or on a lower deck.4.1.7 Will ash removal be manual (shoveling) or semiauto-matic (plow)?5. Estimating Daily Quantities of Waste to BeIncinerated5.1 Size of Ships Crew:5.1.1 Galley and crew quarters waste estimate: 1.5 kg (3.3lb) per crew member per day.5.2 Number o

12、f Passengers Carried:5.2.1 Galley and passenger quarters waste estimate: 2.5 kg(5.5 lb) per passenger per day.5.3 StoresEstimated amount of packaging for food andother items that, during the underway period, will become1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Te

13、chnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.06 onMarine Environmental Protection.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1322 90 (2009). DOI:10.1520/F1322-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, vi

14、sit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Maritime Organization (IMO), 4, AlbertEmbankment, London, UK, SEI

15、 7SR, http:/www.imo.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1waste in the form of rubbish or trash; 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) per crewmember or passenger per day.5.4 Sludge oil generation (see 8.3).6. Other Factors for Selection6.1 T

16、ype of Unit (for example: solid waste only, solid wasteand sludge oil).6.2 Capacity of unit in kW or BTU/hr (based on wastegeneration estimate, heat content of waste, and operatinghours).6.3 Sludge oil capacity.6.4 Loading considerations (batch loading or continuousfeed).6.5 Installation considerati

17、ons (indoor/outdoor).6.6 Environmental considerations (incinerators are normallyrequired to meet the emission limits specified in IMO MAR-POL 73/78, Annex VI).6.7 Heat recover options (amount of steam or hot water).6.8 Ash removal.6.9 Induced draft fan requirements.6.10 Modular/package construction.

18、6.11 Dimensions/weight.7. Classification of Shipboard Wastes and Incinerators7.1 The basis for satisfactory incinerator operation is theproper analysis of the waste to be destroyed and the selectionof proper equipment to best destroy that particular waste.7.2 As a guide, mixtures of waste most commo

19、nly encoun-tered have been classified into types of waste, together with theBritish Thermal Unit (Btu) values and moisture contents of themixtures.4A concentration of one specific waste in the mixturemay change the Btu value or the moisture content, or both, ofthe mixture. A concentration of more th

20、an 10 % by weight ofcatalogs, magazines, or packaged paper will change the densityof the mixture and affect burning rates.7.3 Similarly, incinerators have been classified by theircapacities and by the types of wastes they are capable ofincinerating.7.4 Classification of Shipboard WastesThe following

21、 clas-sification of shipboard wastes differs from the definition ofgarbage as found in Annex V of MARPOL 73/78, whichincludes all of the types listed on this page.7.4.1 Type 0Trash, a mixture of highly combustible waste,such as paper, cardboard, cartons, wood boxes, and combus-tible floor sweepings

22、from commercial and industrial activities.The mixtures contain up to 10 % by weight of plastic bags,coated paper, laminated paper, treated corrugated cardboard,oil rags, and plastic or rubber scraps.7.4.1.1 This type of waste contains 10 % moisture, 5 %incombustible solids, and has a heating value o

23、f 19 730 kJ/kg(8500 Btu/lb) as fired.7.4.2 Type 1Rubbish, a mixture of combustible waste,such as paper, cardboard cartons, wood scrap, foliage, andcombustible floor sweepings, from domestic, commercial, andindustrial activities. The mixture contains up to 20 % by weightof galley or cafeteria waste,

24、but contains little or no treatedpapers, plastic, or rubber wastes.7.4.2.1 This type of waste contains 25 % moisture, 10 %incombustible solids, and has a heating value of 15 100 kJ/kg(6500 Btu/lb) as fired.7.4.3 Type 2Refuse, consisting of an approximately evenmixture of rubbish and garbage by weigh

25、t.7.4.3.1 This type of waste is common to passenger shipsoccupancy, consisting of up to 50 % moisture, 7 % incombus-tible solids, and has a heating value of 10 000 kJ/kg (4300Btu/lb) as fired.7.4.4 Type 3Garbage, consisting of animal and vegetablewastes from restaurants, cafeterias, galleys, sick ba

26、ys, and likeinstallations.7.4.4.1 This type of waste contains up to 70 % moisture, upto 5 % incombustible solids, and has a heating value of 5800kJ/kg (2500 Btu/lb) as fired.7.4.5 Type 4Aquatic life forms and animal remains, con-sisting of carcasses, organs and solid organic wastes fromvessels carry

27、ing animal type cargos, consisting of up to 85 %moisture, 5 % incombustible solids, and having a heating valuerange of 2300 kJ/kg (1000 Btu/lb) as fired.7.4.6 Type 5By-product waste, liquid or semi-liquid, suchas tar, paints, solvents, sludge, oil, waste oil, and so forth, fromshipboard operations.

28、Energy values (kJ/kg or BTU/lb) must bedetermined by the individual materials to be destroyed.7.4.7 Type 6Solid by-product waste, such as rubber,plastics, wood waste, and so forth, from industrial operations.Energy values (kJ/kg or BTU/lb) must be determined by theindividual materials to be destroye

29、d.8. Incinerator Operations and Sludge Oil Estimation8.1 The normal incineration procedure should be describedfor a vessel in the technical specifications and waste manage-ment plan, to define how the incinerator is to be used undernormal operating conditions, and to make sure it has enoughcapacity

30、for the intended use. Reports from tests performed tomeet IMO MARPOL Annex VI or Specification F1323 emis-sion requirements should be considered in capacity calcula-tions. The sizing of the incinerator should take into consider-ation the expected daily operational hours, the uncertainty inthe calcul

31、ation of the waste amount , and the mixture of thewaste. Also, sufficient time for normal repair and service of theincinerator should be taken into account.8.2 Solid Waste Capacity CalculationFor solid wastegeneration, the values in Section 5 should be considered. Itshould be taken into account if t

32、he incinerator will be batch fedor has the capability to be sluice fed continuously, or acombination of both. Batch feeding reduces the daily capacity,since the chamber shall be cooled between batches beforeopening and reloading.4The original source of data for these classifications is the Incinerat

33、or InstituteofAmerica Waste Classification, available from the Incinerator Institute ofAmerica,60 E. 42nd St., New York, NY 10017.F1322 1528.3 Machinery Sludge Oil Generation CalculationForengines using heavy fuel oil (HFO), it can be estimated thatabout 12 % of the fuel consumption will end up in t

34、he sludgeoil tank for incineration, depending on separator capabilitiesand operational procedures. The daily generation of sludge oil(SO, in litres) for two-stroke engines can also be estimated bythe following calculation:SO daily, litres!=0.182 3kW 3 PCT/100! 324hrs (1)where:0.182 = a typical const

35、ant for two-stroke engines with unitsof litres/(kW hr),kW = the ship engine power in brake kW, andPCT = the estimated sludge oil generation.The calculation estimates the amount of sludge generateddaily under 24 hour transit. If engine size is in horsepower,divide result by 1.36. Suggested minimum PC

36、T value is 1 or 2.If the main engine runs on marine diesel oil or distillate fuel,the daily generation of sludge is limited, and sludge oilgeneration should be positively verified in each case. Othersources for sludge oil, such as lubricating oil and hydraulic oil,should also be added.8.4 Capacity C

37、alculation When Burning Both Solid Wasteand Sludge Oil:8.4.1 The estimated capacity calculation should be the sumof the estimates generated by 8.2 and 8.3 above. The servicetanks for sludge oil should at least have sufficient capacity tohold the daily generation of such waste, as defined by 8.3,rece

38、ived via the sludge oil holding tank.8.4.2 The flue gas extraction system shall have sufficientcapacity to handle stack back pressure under all circumstances,to secure full effect of theoretical incinerator capacity, and toprovide personnel and property protection.8.4.3 Back pressure calculations sh

39、all be presented andcompared with system abilities.8.4.4 It is recommended to consult the equipment supplierfor advice and verification of calculations.8.4.5 For optimum efficiency, and to reduce the amount ofunburned components in the ashes, it is recommended toincinerate sludge oil first, then all

40、 solid waste, and then switchback to sludge oil.9. Keywords9.1 incinerators; selection; shipboard incineratorsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED WATERX1.1 Incinerators can be equipped to utilize heat generatedduring normal operation to dispose of contaminated

41、water,through injection directly into the chamber.X1.1.1 The water can be what normally is destined to endup in the oily water separator or holding tank for sludge oil.X1.1.2 The water can be contaminated with the samecomponents as found in sludge oil, mainly oil, and chemicals.No solids.X1.1.3 The

42、water is transferred to a water service tankbefore injection in the combustion process, where levels andconsumption can be monitored (for oil record book recording,if necessary) and necessary pre-treatment, if any.X1.2 Water injection shall be monitored and controlled bythe incinerator controls (for

43、 example, programmable logiccontroller (PLC), and not by a separate system.X1.2.1 If the system fails to stabilize the chamber tempera-ture at a level where injection can proceed, the water injectionshould be automatically shut down by the PLC.X1.2.2 Injection of water in the combustion chamber shou

44、ldnot increase fuel consumption after stabilization.X1.2.3 Injection of water should not significantly reduce theincinerator capacity, compared to capacity without this op-tional equipment.X1.3 An incinerator with such optional equipment shouldbe tested and certified according to normal IMO procedur

45、es.X1.4 It is recommended to seek advice on installation anduse of any water injection equipment with the supplier.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly ad

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