1、Designation: F1337 10 (Reapproved 2015) An American National StandardStandard Practice forHuman Systems Integration Program Requirements forShips and Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1337; the number immediately following the designation
2、indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 ObjectivesThis practice establishes an
3、d defines theprocesses and associated requirements for incorporating Hu-man Systems Integration (HSI) into all phases of governmentand commercial ship, offshore structure, and marine systemand equipment (hereafter referred to as marine system) acqui-sition life cycle. HSI must be integrated fully wi
4、th theengineering processes applied to the design, acquisition, andoperations of marine systems. This application includes thefollowing:1.1.1 Ships and offshore structures.1.1.2 Marine systems, machinery, and equipment developedto be deployed on a ship or offshore structure where theirdesign, once i
5、ntegrated into the ship or offshore structure, willpotentially impact human performance, safety and healthhazards, survivability, morale, quality of life, and fitness forduty.1.1.3 Integration of marine systems and equipment intoships and offshore structures including arrangements, facilitylayout, i
6、nstallations, communications, and data links.1.1.4 Modernization and retrofitting ships and offshorestructures.1.2 Target AudienceThe intended audience for this docu-ment consists of individuals with HSI training and experiencerepresenting the procuring activity, contractor or vendor per-sonnel with
7、 HSI experience, and engineers and managementpersonnel familiar with HSI methods, processes, and objec-tives. See 5.2.3 for guidance on qualifications of HSI special-ists.1.3 ContentsThis document is divided into the followingsections and subsections.TABLE OF CONTENTSSectionandSubsectionTitle1 Scope
8、1.1 Objectives1.2 Target Audience1.3 Contents2 Human Systems Integration2.1 Definition of Human Systems Integration2.2 HSI Integration Process2.3 HSI Program Requirements3 Referenced Documents3.1 Introduction3.2 ASTM Standards3.3 Commercial Standards and Documents3.4 Government Standards and Documen
9、ts4 Terminology4.1.1 Arrangement Drawing4.1.2 Contractor4.1.3 Critical Activity4.1.4 Cultural Expectation4.1.5 Function4.1.6 Human Systems Integration4.1.7 High Drivers4.1.8 Human Error4.1.9 Manning4.1.10 Manpower4.1.11 Marine System4.1.12 Mission4.1.13 Offshore Structure or Facility4.1.14 Operation
10、al Requirements4.1.15 Panel Layout Drawings4.1.16 Procuring Organization4.1.17 System4.1.18 Task4.1.19 User Interface4.1.20 Vendor5 Summary of Practice5.1 HSI Design Objectives5.2 Key Success Factors5.3 HSI Plan5.4 HSI Integrated Product Team5.6 Quality Assurance5.7 Nonduplication5.8 Cognizance and
11、Coordination6 Significance of Use6.1 Intended Use6.2 Scope and Nature of Work6.3 Government Formalized, Full Scale Acquisition6.4 Commercial Acquisition Process6.5 Non-Developmental Item Acquisition6.6 Modernization1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Tec
12、hnology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1337 10. DOI:10.1520/F1337-10R15.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
13、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE OF CONTENTSSectionandSubsectionTitle7 HSI Activities7.1 Overview7.2 HSI Lessons Learned7.3 Early Marine Systems Analyses7.4 Front End Analysis7.5 HSI Risk Analysis7.6 Manpower Analyses7.7 Personnel Analyses7.8 Training Analyses7.9
14、 Workload Analysis7.10 HSI Input to Procurement Documents and Specifications7.11 SOH Hazards Analyses7.12 Personnel Survivability Analyses7.13 Habitability Analysis7.14 Health Service Analysis7.15 Modeling and Simulation7.16 User Interface (UI) Design7.17 Usability Evaluations and UI Concept Explora
15、tion7.18 Valve Criticality Analysis7.19 Link Analysis7.20 Design Reviews7.21 Drawings and CAD Model Reviews7.22 Inspections7.23 Developmental Test and Evaluation7.24 Operational Test and Evaluation8 Documentation8.1 Data Requirements8.2 Traceability8.3 Access to Data9 KeywordsFigureNumberFigure Titl
16、eFig. 1 Process for Determining the Need for an HSI ProgramFig. 2 Sample Outline of a Typical HSIPFig. 3 Government HSI Systems Engineering Process and theSystem Acquisition Life CycleFig. 4 Phases of the Commercial Ship Acquisition ProcessTableNumberTable TitleTable 1 Description of Government-Orie
17、nted HSI DomainsTable 2 Key Interactions among HSI DomainsTable 3 Minimum Qualifications for HSI SpecialistsTable 4 Typical HSI Questions for NDI AcquisitionsTable 5 HSI Activities by Government Acquisition PhaseTable 6 HSI Activities by Commercial Industry Acquisition PhaseTable 7 Function Allocati
18、on ConsiderationsTable 8 Typical Task Analysis InformationTable 9 Example HSI Risk Probability RatingsTable 10 Example HSI Risk Severity RatingsTable 11 Example Human System Integration Risk Index2. Human Systems Integration2.1 Definition of Human Systems IntegrationHSI is asystematic life-cycle eng
19、ineering process that identifies andintegrates human considerations into the design, acquisition,and support of marine systems through the application ofknowledge of human behavior, capabilities, and limitations.The goal is to optimize human performance, including humancapability, proficiency, avail
20、ability, utilization,accommodation, survivability, health and safety by influencingdesign, construction, and operations through the integration ofrequirements that rely on the expertise found in the followingHSI domains:2.1.1 ManpowerEstablishing the number and type ofpersonnel needed to operate and
21、 maintain the marine system.2.1.2 PersonnelDetermining where the people with therequired knowledge, skill, and abilities (KSAs) required to fillmarine system billets will be drawn.2.1.3 TrainingEstablishing and providing the training re-quirements for the personnel selected.2.1.4 Human Factors Engin
22、eeringDesigning and assess-ing user interfaces between humans and hardware, software,firmware, Webware, courseware, information, procedures,policy and doctrine, documentation, design features,technology, environments, organizations, and other humans.2.1.5 Safety and Occupational HealthProviding a sa
23、feand healthy working environment.2.1.6 Personal SurvivabilityProviding a platform thatmaximizes crew survivability.2.1.7 HabitabilityProviding the characteristics of systems,facilities, personal services, and living and working conditionsthat result in high levels of crew morale, quality of life, s
24、afety,health, and comfort.2.1.8 Government-oriented definitions of the HSI domainsare provided in Table 1.2.1.9 It is understood that not all HSI domains will beinvolved in every marine system design project. For example,in the commercial maritime setting, design requirements af-fecting several HSI
25、domains (for example, manpower, person-nel selection, and training requirements) are set by entitiesother than the procuring organization. This does not diminishthe fact that inattention to these HSI domains can lead to theincreased likelihood of human error and accidents and inci-dents. Therefore,
26、the procuring organization must exert maxi-mum effort to ensure that all HSI domains are considered in thedesign, construction, and operation of any maritime system.2.1.10 HSI fundamentally involves engineering processesand program management efforts that provide integrated andcomprehensive analyses
27、, design and assessment ofrequirements, operational and maintenance concepts, and re-sources for system manpower, personnel, training, humanfactors engineering (HFE), safety and occupational health(SOH), personnel survivability, and habitability. These sevenHSI domains are interrelated and interdepe
28、ndent, and they areprimary drivers of effective, affordable, and safe design con-cepts and deployed systems. HSI relies on a concurrentengineering process to perform co-operative trade-offs amongthe seven HSI domains to achieve effective system perfor-mance levels and affordable life-cycle costs, bu
29、t does notreplace individual domain activities, responsibilities, or report-ing channels.2.1.11 The HSI framework for organizing and integrating ofhuman considerations into marine system design represents asystem-level engineering approach. HSI uses the results of itstechnical domain analyses and tr
30、adeoffs to integrate them intothe systems engineering and design processes. In the govern-ment environment, other HSI domains provide insights, data,and design considerations that HFE translates into hardware,software, workspace, and task design. This is a more formalgovernment process. In the comme
31、rcial environment, HSIrelies heavily on HFE, assigning it responsibility of beingaware of considerations associated with manpower, personnel,training, safety, and habitability and representing those as partof a human-centric design process.F1337 10 (2015)22.2 HSI Integration Process:2.2.1 A key HSI
32、focus is integration. HSI takes a totalsystem level view of design, acquisition, and operations. Thissystem level view starts with the performance requirements ofthe total system that are translated into requirements for totalsystem performance and total cost of ownership. The systemperformance and
33、cost requirements then are integrated into thedesign by the application of HSI methods and standards to thedesign of the marine system. HSI continues as an integratedelement of the operations and support activity as a mechanismto support training, maintenance, and identify system improve-ment opport
34、unities.2.2.2 HSI relies on the individual technical HSI domains,but also the integration of these domains among themselvesand with the other systems engineering and logistics require-ments and processes. The domains of HSI must work in concertamong themselves and with other systems engineering pro-
35、cesses to address human design issues and trade-offs thatTABLE 1 Description of Government-Oriented HSI DomainsDomain DescriptionManpower Manpower is the number of personnel (military, civilian, and contractor) required,authorized, and potentially available to operate, maintain, train, administer, a
36、ndsupport each ship, offshore structure, system, or combination thereof.Personnel Personnel is the source, in terms of people, for the human knowledge, skills, abilities,aptitudes, competencies, characteristics, and capabilities required to operate,maintain, train, and support each ship, offshore st
37、ructure, marine system, orcombination thereof, in peacetime and war.Training Training is the instruction, education, assessment, resources required to provide shipand marine facility personnel with requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities to operate,maintain, and support ship, offshore structure,
38、marine systems, or combinationthereof.Human Factors Engineering Human factors engineering is the comprehensive integration of human characteristicsand capabilities and limitations into system definition, design, development, andevaluation to promote effective human-machine integration for optimal to
39、tal systemperformance.Safety and Occupational Health Safety is the process for hazard identification, risk evaluation, design analysis, hazardmitigation, control, and management. The process manages the design andoperational characteristics of a system to eliminate or minimize the possibilities fora
40、ccidents or mishaps caused by human error. Occupational health is the systematicapplication of biomedical knowledge, early in the acquisition process, to identify,assess, and minimize health hazards associated with the systems operation,maintenance, repair, storage, or support.Personnel Survivabilit
41、y Personnel Survivability is the how the system design minimizes medical implicationswhen humans are injured, provides escape and evacuation routes for crew, andminimizes human mental and physical fatigue.Habitability Habitability is the ship, offshore structure, and system characteristics that prov
42、ide forenvironment control of living and working conditions (temperature, noise, vibration,and space attributes); and provides accommodations and support facilities (berthing,sanitary, food service, exercise, training, laundry, medical, dental, administrative, shipstores, and community or lounge fac
43、ilities). Habitability is concerned with the level ofcomfort and quality of life that is conducive to maintaining optimum crew performance,readiness, and morale.TABLE 2 Key Interactions Among HSI DomainsDomain InteractionsManpower Personnel Qualities and quantities of personnel required versus avail
44、ability in inventory and pipelineTraining Qualities and quantities required versus ability to train to meet requirementsHFE Qualities and quantities of personnel required versus ability of system design or redesign to support manpower, task complexity, andworkloadSOH Qualities and quantities of pers
45、onnel required versus ability to safely perform tasks, particularly in a reduced manpower environmentPersonnel Survivability Quantities versus availability of personnel protection equipment (PPE) and designs that support survivabilityHabitability Quantities of personnel and workload required to perf
46、orm tasks versus habitability support requirements such as berthing, foodservice, laundry, administrative, postal, ship stores, and other habitability support spacesPersonnel Training Availability in the inventory or in the pipeline of quantities of personnel required versus ability to train require
47、d knowledge, skills andabilities (KSAs)HFE Availability of quantities and qualities of personnel required versus complexity of task and system designTraining HFE Complexity and duration of training and training system design versus task/design complexity and the ability to train KSAs versuscomplexit
48、y of tasks and designPersonnel Survivability Transfer of information on training requirements for PPE and other emergenciesHFE SOH How does design avoid or mitigate risks to safety and occupational health; Risks versus ability of design to mitigate risksPersonnel Survivability Emergency egress and p
49、ersonal protection versus designs ability to supportHabitability How do habitability facilities support the ability of users to safely and effectively inhabit space and perform tasksSOH Habitability Reduction of safety and health risks through the design of environmental control (temperature, noise, and vibration levels) and andhabitability facilities and working spaces not under habitability purview (work shops, machinery spaces, etc.)PersonnelSurvivabilityHabitability Ensure that requirements for PPE and survivability are integrated with th
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