1、Designation: F1647 11An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forOrganic Matter Content of Athletic Field Rootzone Mixes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thepercent organic matter of a putting green root zon
3、e mixtureusing a loss on ignition method or the Walkley Black method.These test methods are useful for quantifying the organicmatter content of volume ratio mixed root zone mixes. TestMethods D2974 is recommended for peat and other organicsoils.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4、standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use, nor the disposalof hazardous waste that may be generated. It is the responsi-bility of the user of this standard to establish
5、 appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regu-latory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionarystatement, see 8.2.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2974 Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matterof Peat and Other Organic SoilsE177 Prac
6、tice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Method AOrganic matter content is determined byloss on ignition (LOI).3.2 Method B3Organic matter content is d
7、etermined bythe Walkley-Black method; a dichromate oxidation procedurewhereby the color intensity of the reaction product is deter-mined colorimetrically.4. ApparatusMethod A4.1 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of105 6 5C.4.2 Muffle furnace, capable of producing constant tempera-t
8、ures of 360 6 10C.4.3 Evaporating dish or crucible, made of high silica orporcelain of not less than 10-mL capacity.4.4 Desiccator,4.5 Aluminum foil, heavy duty, and4.6 Balance, sensitive to 0.001 g.5. ApparatusMethod B5.1 Soil grinder,5.2 Balance, sensitive to 0.01 g.5.3 Sulfuric acid, concentrated
9、 (not less than 96 %),5.4 Potassium dichromate, 1 N, made by dissolving 49.04reagent-grade potassium dichromate in water, and diluting to avolume of 1 L,5.5 Spectrophotometer or colorimeter, set at or adjustable to610-nm wavelength.5.6 Standard, 10 000 mg/L as CO2,5.7 Pipets, assorted, capable of me
10、asuring volumes of 0.1 to10 mL,5.8 Glassware, assorted, to include 250-mL Erlenmeyerflasks and funnels (75-mm ID), and5.9 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of105 6 5C.6. ProcedureMethod A6.1 Scoop 5 to 10 g of oven-dried (105 6 5C) soil intotared crucibles.6.2 Weigh and record weig
11、ht to the nearest 0.001 g.6.3 Place the sample into a muffle furnace heated to 360 610C. Leave the sample in the furnace for 2 h.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 onSports Equipment and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF08.64 on Natural P
12、laying Surfaces.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F1647 02a (2010).DOI: 10.1520/F1647-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceast
13、m.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Procedure was based on procedure published in “Methods of SoilAnalysis, Part2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties,” American Society of AgronomyMonograph No. 9, 2nd Ed.1C
14、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.4 Cool to 105C, or cover with a piece of foil and cool ina desiccator.6.5 Weigh ash in a draft-free environment to the nearest0.001 g.7. Calculation of Percent Organic Matter, Method A7
15、.1 Calculate percent organic matter as follows:LOI, % 5oven2dry soil weight ash weight!/oven2dry soil weight#3 100 (1)8. ProcedureMethod B8.1 Preparing a Standard Curve:8.1.1 Set up five 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks.8.1.2 Use a pipet to pipet the volumes of standard solutioninto the flasks, as listed be
16、low.mL of 10 000 mg/L CO2% Organic matter000.20 0.90.50 2.21.00 4.41.20 5.38.1.3 Pipet 10 mL of potassium dichromate into each flask.8.1.4 In a well ventilated area, pipet or dispense 20 mL ofsulfuric acid into each flask.8.1.5 Cover the flask and allow the reaction to progress for10 min.8.1.6 Add 1
17、00 mL of distilled or deionized water to eachflask and swirl briskly.8.1.7 Read the absorbance for each standard at 610 nm andplot a standard curve.8.2 Procedures:8.2.1 Obtain a representative, oven-dried root zone sample.8.2.2 Grind a small quantity of sample until 100 % passes a140-sieve (0.1 mm).
18、8.2.3 Weigh out exactly1gofsample (to the nearest 0.01g), and place in a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask.8.2.4 Add 10 mL potassium dichromate.8.2.5 Make up a blank sample by adding potassium dichro-mate into an empty flask.8.2.6 Carefully add 20 mL of sulfuric acid to both flasks.Caution: Be careful of the
19、fumes and the heat generated by thereaction. Allow to sit for 10 min.8.2.7 Add 100 mL of distilled or deionized water to theflasks.8.2.8 Set up a funnel with No. 2 or similar filter paper. Pourenough of the solution through the funnel to collect about 10mL.8.2.9 Read the absorbance of the sample at
20、610 nm. Refer tothe standard curve to obtain percent organic matter.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Sample identification,9.1.2 Sample condition when received,9.1.3 Percentage organic matter to nearest 0.01%, and9.1.4 Method used: A (Loss on Ignition) or B (Walkley-Black).10. Pre
21、cision and Bias10.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy was conducted in accordance with procedures of PracticeE691. Three randomly selected test specimens for each of sixroot zone mixes were sent to nine laboratories for organicmatter content determinations using Method A, Loss on I
22、gni-tion. The mixes were representative of sandy root zone mixesused on turf grass areas and were mixtures of either (1) sandand peat, (2) sand and soil, or (3) sand, soil, and peat.10.2 Test ResultThe following precision information fororganic matter content is in the unit of percentage and therepe
23、atability and reproducibility limits, as a percentage of theorganic matter content, is for the comparison of two testresults, each of which is the average of three test determina-tions.10.3 Precision4:10.3.1 Organic Matter by Method A (Loss on Ignition)Test Range from 0.82 to 2.87 % Organic Matter:9
24、5 % repeatability limit (withinlaboratory)30 % (25 to 35 %) of test result95 % reproducibility limit (betweenlaboratories)39 % (29 to 54 %) of test resultThe preceding values for limits are the average (and range)for the six mixes. The terms repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit are used in
25、 accordance with Practice E177.10.4 BiasThe bias for these measurements is undeter-mined because there is no reference value for the materials(mixes) used.11. Keywords11.1 organic matter; putting greens; soils; sports fields4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and mayb
26、e obtained by requesting Research Report RR: F08-1005.F1647 112ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
27、 patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited
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29、air hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this s
30、tandard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F1647 113
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