ANSI ASTM F1979-2010 Standard Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport of Paintball《彩弹球运动用彩弹球规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F1979 10 (Reapproved 2014) An American National StandardStandard Specification forPaintballs Used in the Sport of Paintball1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case

2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification sets forth a set of guidelines and testing procedures for the manufacturin

3、g ofcommon calibers of paintball. The goal is to provide paintball manufacturers with a specification thatpromotes safety in the sport of paintball.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes testing procedures andcritical characteristics of common calibers of paintball whichhelp define whether a pai

4、ntball is suitable for use in the sportof paintball. Furthermore, the specification establishes mini-mum warning and package labeling to help ensure that thepaintballs are used in a safe manner and that the risk of injuryis reduced.1.2 This specification does not cover non-recreationalpaintballs, fo

5、r example, those used by law enforcement,scientific, military, or theatrical entities.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This specification does not purport to address all of thesafety issues associated wit

6、h the sport of paintball. It is theresponsibility of the user of this specification to establishappropriate safety and health practices and to comply with allapplicable laws and regulations.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2272 Specification for Paintball Markers3. Terminology3.1 Definiti

7、ons of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 caliber, nthe term used to refer to the size of apaintball projectile. Related to the measurement of the diam-eter of the paintball.3.1.2 cubic centimeter, ncommonly used unit of volumeextending the derived SI-unit cubic meter and corresponding tothe volu

8、me of a cube measuring111cm.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe mass of one cubic centimeter ofwater is approximately equal to 1 g.3.1.3 fill material, nliquid inside of a paintball.3.1.4 paintball, nspherical ball, with a diameter andweight as defined in Table 1, comprised of a shell and a fill, anddesigned to b

9、e expelled from a paintball marker.3.1.5 paintball marker, ndevice specifically designed todischarge paintballs which conforms to Specification F2272.3.1.6 shellrigid to semirigid material (generally of gela-tin) that encapsulates the fill of a paintball.4. General Requirements4.1 pH of Fill Materia

10、lThe pH of the fill material used inthe paintball shall measure between 4.0 and 8.0 as measuredusing a 10 % solution of the fill in distilled water. Measure-ments shall be made using a properly calibrated pH meter. SeeFig. 1 for the pH scale and pH levels for some common items.4.2 Paintball Fill Com

11、patibility With PolycarbonateWhen tested in accordance with Section 5, no more than one ofthe three polycarbonate tensile bars exposed to the fill materialshall develop a visible crack that is greater than 6.5 mm (0.256in.) in length.4.3 Maximum WeightThe paintballs shall not weigh morethan as defin

12、ed in Table 1 based on the caliber of the paintball.4.4 Fill Color LimitationsThe paintballs shall not containfill material with a color mimicking that of human blood.4.5 Diameter of PaintballThe diameter of the paintball asmeasured both polar and at the seam shall measure within the1This specificat

13、ion is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.24 on Paintball and Equipment.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published September 2014. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition

14、 approved in 2010 as F1979 10. DOI:10.1520/F1979-10R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyri

15、ght ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1minimum and maximum range as defined in Table 1 based onthe caliber of the paintball.4.6 Impact BreakageThe impact breakage of the paintballshall be tested in accordance with Section 6. All te

16、n of thepaintballs that impact the target shall break upon impact.4.7 Environmental SafetyPaintballs shall not contain en-vironmentally hazardous or toxic substances as defined inCERCLA3Regulations 40CFR302.4; SARA Toxic ChemicalList4Section 313; Clean Air Act5, Section 112B; and RCRARegulations640F

17、RR261.24 through 40CFR261.33.TEST METHODS5. Paintball Compatibility with Polycarbonate5.1 ScopeThis test method is intended to determine thecompatibility of the paintball fill with polycarbonate, theplastic material currently universally used for protective eye-wear lenses in paintball.5.2 Summary o

18、f Test MethodThis test method involvesbending polycarbonate tensile bars in a test fixture while thesebars are exposed to the paintball fill material and observinghow these tensile bars react to the fill. A control test is alsoconducted using tap water in place of the paintball fill material.5.3 Sig

19、nificance and UseThis test method provides ameans to help determine the suitability of specific paintball fillmaterial for use in the sport of paintball. This test methodprovides a relative indicator of the reaction that a polycarbon-ate lens would have to the paintball fill material being tested.5.

20、4 Apparatus:This test method shall be conducted using a test fixture asshown in Fig. 2. The tensile bars7used in the test shall bemolded of clear 121 grade Lexan8, polycarbonate (Fig. 3).3U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Designation of Hazardous SubstancesList of Hazardous Substances and Repor

21、table Quantities,” Comprehensive Environ-mental Response Compensation and Liabilities Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs,40CFR302.4, April 4, 1985.4U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Superfund Amendment and Reautho-rization Act,” Environmental Protection Agency Regulation, Bureau of FederalAffairs,

22、Title III, 1986.5U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “National Emission Standards for AirPollutants List of Hazardous Air Pollutants,” Clean Air Act, Bureau of FederalAffairs, Section 112B, 1967.6U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, “Definition of Characteristic and ListedHazardous Waste, Identifi

23、cation and Listing of Hazardous Waste,” ResourceConservation and Recovery Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs, 40CFR261, May 19,1980.7The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Hi Tech Mold and Tool Inc., 1520 East St., Pittsfield, MA01201. If you are awareof alterna

24、tive suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.8Lexan is a trademark of GE Plastics.TABLE 1 Common Calibers of Paintballs with Minimum and Max

25、imum Diameter and Maximum Weight68 Caliber18 mm43 Caliber11 mm50 Caliber13 mm55 Caliber14 mm62 Caliber16 mmMin (mm) Diameter 16.500 10.430 12.130 13.340 15.000Max (mm) Diameter 18.000 11.390 13.240 14.560 16.420Min (in) Diameter 0.650 0.410 0.470 0.520 0.590Max (in.) Diameter 0.709 0.448 0.521 0.573

26、 0.646Weight (g) Maximum 3.500 0.900 1.400 1.700 2.500Weight (oz) Maximum 0.123 0.032 0.049 0.060 0.088FIG. 1 The pH ScaleFIG. 2 Tensile Bar Shown Without WrappingF1979 10 (2014)25.5 Procedure:5.5.1 Test 3 separate tensile bars for each type of paint beingtested. Test a total of 2 tensile bars in th

27、e control test using tapwater.5.5.2 Place the fill from 4 paintballs of the tested paint intoa polyethylene bag, (the zip-lock variety works well), alongwith one tensile bar. Place 15 mL (12 oz) of tap water, alongwith one tensile bar into each of the two control samplepolyethylene bags. Wrap each b

28、ag around the bar so that the fillor water is in contact with the center of the bar, and seal the bagto prevent fill leakage or evaporation.5.5.3 Bend the bagged tensile bars between the two stops onthe test fixture (Fig. 2), which induces a 1.0 % strain orapproximately 175.75 k/cm2(2500 psi). Store

29、 the bent tensilebars in the test fixture at room temperature 23 6 2C (73 63.5F) for 7 days. During the entire 7-day period, the paintballfill material shall be in contact with the center of the tensilebars. Inverting the test fixture is one method of ensuring thiscontact. Wrapping the bag snugly ar

30、ound the tensile bars isanother proven method.5.5.4 After 7 days, remove the tensile bars from the testfixture and rinse with clean tap water. Dry the tensile bars andinspect for cracks.5.6 ReportInspect the tensile bars for cracks by holdingthe bars vertically facing either direct sunlight or a bri

31、ght lightsource. Tilt the bars slightly to highlight any cracks. Recordand report the length of the longest crack on each tensile bar.If either of the tensile bars used in the control test exhibit acrack of 3 mm (0.112 in.) in length, and cracks longer than 6.5mm have also been found in two of the t

32、hree tensile barsexposed to the fill material, the test may be considered invalidand performed again using a different batch of tensile bars.5.7 Precision and BiasNo information is presented abouteither the precision or bias of this test method since this testmethod is nonquantitative.6. Paintball I

33、mpact Breakage Test6.1 ScopeThis test method is intended to determine theability of the paintballs to burst upon impact.6.2 Summary of Test MethodThis test method involvesshooting paintballs from a paintgun at a target, within theparameters of this specification, to test for the breakage of thepaint

34、balls upon the target.6.3 Significance and UseIn the sport of paintball, a playerwho is marked with fill of a paintball is eliminated from thegame, and thus it is desirable that a paintball be designedwithin parameters such that its outer shell can split open andallow its fill to mark the player. Th

35、is test method provides ameans of identifying the breakage ability of paintballs withinparameters that reasonably approximate conditions common inthe game of paintball. This test method provides a means ofidentifying the breakage of paintballs by impacting a target ata velocity common in the game of

36、 paintball.6.4 SamplingSelect 30 paintballs at random from the lotof paintballs being tested.6.5 Apparatus:6.5.1 A paintball marker capable of hurling paintballs hori-zontally at a speed of 85.3 6 6 m/s (280 6 20 ft/s) thatcomplies with Specification F2272. Each shots muzzle veloc-ity shall be measu

37、red and if not within tolerance, that impact isnot valid.6.5.2 Equipment employed to measure the speed of the testpaintball shall be accurate to within 60.5 m/s (620 ft/s)muzzle velocity.6.6 Conditioning:6.6.1 All impact testing shall be done using paintballsmanufactured within the previous 8 months

38、.6.6.2 Paintball storage and the non-test handling shall bedone at a relative humidity below 65 % and a temperaturebetween 19C (66F) and 27C (80F).6.6.3 Paintballs shall be conditioned in their original sealedcontainer for at least4hatthehumidity and temperaturespecified in 6.6.2.6.6.4 The testing s

39、hall be conducted at the temperaturesspecified in 6.6.2 and shall be completed within 10 min afterremoval of the paintball from the sealed container. Thepaintball container shall be resealed immediately after eachgroup of paintballs is removed.6.7 Procedure:6.7.1 Secure a plywood target with a minim

40、um thickness of10-mm vertically at a distance of 24.4 6 0.3-m (80 6 1-ft)linear ground distance from the muzzle of the paintball marker.Width and length of the target to be of a size that the laboratorydetermines necessary to hit the target.6.7.2 Measure the velocity of the paintball within 1.0 m (3

41、.3ft) of the muzzle of the propelling device. Paintball velocityshall be 85.3 6 6 m/s (280 6 20 ft/s).6.7.3 Impact the plywood target with ten paintballs at anangle nominally normal to the target and at the distance inaccordance with 6.7.1. Only those shots that are within thevelocity tolerance in a

42、ccordance with 6.7.2 shall be used in thistest method.6.8 Precision and BiasNo information is presented abouteither the precision or bias of this test method since this testmethod is nonquantitative.7. Product Marking7.1 General Instructions:7.1.1 Warnings, instructions, caliber, quantity contained

43、inthe container, and the name and address of the manufacturer orFIG. 3 Tensile BarF1979 10 (2014)3distributor shall appear on the exterior of each point of salecontainer in which a manufacturer packages its paintballs.7.1.2 The lot number of paintballs shall appear on eachpoint of sale container con

44、taining 500 or more paintballs.7.1.3 The size of the print for warnings, instructions, andmanufacturers information shall be of a type size of at least 8points. The add letters in the word WARNING shall be at least50 % larger than the letters in the other words in the cautionarystatement.7.2 Warning

45、 InformationThe following warning informa-tion or its equivalent shall appear as defined in 7.1.7.2.1 These paintballs are intended only for use in the sportof paintball; follow all rules for safe paintball play.7.2.2 Goggles, facemasks, and ear protection designed spe-cifically for use in paintball

46、 games are mandatory at all timesfor all persons who are within paintball gun range.7.2.3 Failure to follow the rules for safe paintball play, andthe instructions and recommendations in this specification,may result in bodily injury including face, eye, and ear injury,blindness, or deafness.7.2.4 Do

47、 not shoot paintballs at a speed in excess of 300 ft/s(92 m/s).7.2.5 Do not ingest.7.3 Instruction Information: The following instruction in-formation or its equivalent shall be in accordance with 7.1.7.3.1 Failure to follow these storage instructions may ad-versely affect performance and quality an

48、d increase the possi-bility of injury.7.3.2 Instructions on how to properly store paintballs in-cluding: temperature and humidity ranges for storage andpackaging requirements.8. Keywords8.1 caliber; paintball; paintball marker; paintball sportsASTM International takes no position respecting the vali

49、dity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand s