ANSI ASTM F1979-2017 Standard Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport of Paintball.pdf

1、Designation: F1979 17 An American National StandardStandard Specification forProjectiles Used in the Sport of Paintball1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification sets forth a set of guidelines and testing procedures for the manufacturing ofcommon calibe

3、rs and types of paintball. The goal is to provide paintball manufacturers with aspecification that promotes safety in the sport of paintball.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes testing procedures andcritical characteristics for projectiles, which define whetherthey are suitable for use in the

4、 sport of paintball. Furthermore,the specification establishes minimum warning and packagelabeling requirements to help ensure that the paintballs are usedin a safe manner and that the risk of injury is reduced.1.2 This specification does not cover non-recreationalpaintballs, for example, those used

5、 by law enforcement,scientific, military, or theatrical entities.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i

6、s theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on st

7、andard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2272 Specification for Paintball Markers3.

8、 Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 caliber, nthe term used to refer to the size of apaintball projectile. Related to the measurement of the diam-eter of the paintball.3.1.2 cubic centimeter, ncommonly used unit of volumeextending the derived SI-unit cubic meter and

9、corresponding tothe volume of a cube measuring111cm.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe mass of one cubic centimeter ofwater is approximately equal to 1 g.3.1.3 fill material, nliquid inside of a paintball.3.1.4 paintball, na projectile designed to be expelled froma paintball marker meeting the requirements of Sp

10、ecificationF2272.3.1.4.1 spherical paintball, na round projectile, with adiameter and weight as defined in Table 1, comprised of a shelland a fill material, and designed to be expelled from a paintballmarker.3.1.4.2 shaped paintball, nnon-spherical cylindricalshaped projectile with a hemispherical f

11、ront surface, and adiameter, length, and weight as defined in Table 2, comprisedof a shell and a fill material, and designed to be expelled froma paintball marker most commonly with a magazine style feed.3.1.5 paintball marker, ndevice specifically designed todischarge paintballs which conforms to S

12、pecification F2272.3.1.6 shellrigid to semi-rigid frangible material (generallyof gelatin) that encapsulates or contains the fill material of aprojectile used in the sport of paintball.4. General Requirements4.1 pH of Fill MaterialThe pH of the fill material used inall paintballs shall measure betwe

13、en 4.0 and 8.0 as measuredusing a 10 % solution of the fill in distilled water. Measure-ments shall be made using a properly calibrated pH meter. SeeFig. 1 for the pH scale and pH levels for some common items.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Pla

14、ying Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.24 on Paintball and Equipment.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F1979 10 (2014).DOI: 10.1520/F1979-17.2For referenced A

15、STM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh

16、ocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organ

17、ization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.2 Paintball Fill Compatibility With PolycarbonateWhen tested in accordance with Section 5, no more than one ofthe three polycarbonate tensile bars exposed to the fill materialshall develop a visible crack that is greater than 6.5 mm (0.256in.) i

18、n length.4.3 Maximum WeightA paintball shall not weigh morethan as defined in Table 1 and Table 2 based on the caliber andtype of the paintball.4.4 Fill Color LimitationsA paintball shall not contain fillmaterial with a color mimicking that of human blood.4.5 Diameter of a Spherical PaintballThe dia

19、meter of aspherical paintball shall be measured around both the polar axisand seam; both measurements shall be within the minimum andmaximum range as defined in Table 1, based on the caliber ofthe paintball.4.6 Diameter of Shaped PaintballThe diameter of ashaped paintball as measured around the larg

20、est section of thecylinder of the sample shall measure within the minimum andmaximum range as defined in Table 2 based on the caliber ofthe shaped paintball.4.7 Length of Shaped PaintballThe length of the shapedpaintball as measured along the overall length of the objectshall measure within the mini

21、mum and maximum range asdefined in Table 2 based on the caliber of the shaped paintball.4.8 Impact BreakageThe impact breakage of the paintballshall be tested in accordance with Section 6. All ten of thepaintballs that impact the target shall break upon impact.TABLE 1 Calibers of Spherical Paintball

22、s with Minimum and Maximum Diameter and Maximum Weight68 Caliber18 mm43 Caliber11 mm50 Caliber13 mm55 Caliber14 mm62 Caliber16 mmMin (mm) Diameter 16.5 10.43 12.13 13.34 15Max (mm) Diameter 18 11.39 13.24 14.56 16.42Min (in) Diameter 0.65 0.41 0.47 0.52 0.59Max (in.) Diameter 0.709 0.448 0.521 0.573

23、 0.646Weight (g) Maximum 3.5 0.9 1.4 1.7 2.5Weight (oz) Maximum 0.123 0.032 0.049 0.06 0.088TABLE 2 Calibers of Shaped Paintballs with Minimum and Maximum Diameter, Length and Maximum Weight68 Caliber18 mm43 Caliber11 mm50 Caliber13 mm55 Caliber14 mm62 Caliber16 mmMin (mm) Diameter 16.5 10.43 12.13

24、13.34 15Max (mm) Diameter 18 11.39 13.24 14.56 16.42Min (in.) Diameter 0.65 0.41 0.47 0.52 0.59Max (in.) Diameter 0.709 0.448 0.521 0.573 0.646Min (in.) Length 0.65 0.41 0.47 0.52 0.59Max (in.) Length 0.709 0.448 0.521 0.573 0.646Weight (g) Maximum 3.5 0.9 1.4 1.7 2.5Weight (oz) Maximum 0.123 0.032

25、0.049 0.06 0.088FIG. 1 The pH ScaleF1979 1724.9 Environmental SafetyPaintballs shall not contain en-vironmentally hazardous or toxic substances as defined inCERCLA3Regulations 40CFR302.4; SARA Toxic ChemicalList4Section 313; Clean Air Act5, Section 112B; and RCRARegulations640FRR261.24 through 40CFR

26、261.33.TEST METHODS5. Paintball Compatibility with Polycarbonate5.1 ScopeThis test method is intended to determine thecompatibility of the paintball fill with polycarbonate, theplastic material currently universally used for protective eye-wear lenses in paintball.5.2 Summary of Test MethodThis test

27、 method involvesbending polycarbonate tensile bars in a test fixture while thesebars are exposed to the paintball fill material and observinghow these tensile bars react to the fill. A control test is alsoconducted using tap water in place of the paintball fill material.5.3 Significance and UseThis

28、test method provides ameans to help determine the suitability of specific paintball fillmaterial for use in the sport of paintball. This test methodprovides a relative indicator of the reaction that a polycarbon-ate lens would have to the paintball fill material being tested.5.4 ApparatusThis test m

29、ethod shall be conducted using atest fixture as shown in Fig. 2. The tensile bars7used in the testshall be molded of clear 121 grade Lexan8, polycarbonate (Fig.3).5.5 Procedure:5.5.1 Test 3 separate tensile bars for each type of paint beingtested. Test a total of 2 tensile bars in the control test u

30、sing tapwater.5.5.2 Place the fill from 4 paintballs of the tested paint intoa polyethylene bag, (the zip-lock variety works well), alongwith one tensile bar. Place 15 mL (12 oz) of tap water, alongwith one tensile bar into each of the two control samplepolyethylene bags. Wrap each bag around the ba

31、r so that the fillor water is in contact with the center of the bar, and seal the bagto prevent fill leakage or evaporation.5.5.3 Bend the bagged tensile bars between the two stops onthe test fixture (Fig. 2), which induces a 1.0 % strain orapproximately 175.75 k/cm2(2500 psi). Store the bent tensil

32、ebars in the test fixture at room temperature 23 6 2C (73 63.5F) for 7 days. During the entire 7-day period, the paintballfill material shall be in contact with the center of the tensilebars. Inverting the test fixture is one method of ensuring thiscontact. Wrapping the bag snugly around the tensile

33、 bars isanother proven method.5.5.4 After 7 days, remove the tensile bars from the testfixture and rinse with clean tap water. Dry the tensile bars andinspect for cracks.5.6 ReportInspect the tensile bars for cracks by holdingthe bars vertically facing either direct sunlight or a bright lightsource.

34、 Tilt the bars slightly to highlight any cracks. Recordand report the length of the longest crack on each tensile bar.If either of the tensile bars used in the control test exhibit acrack of 3 mm (0.112 in.) in length, and cracks longer than 6.5mm have also been found in two of the three tensile bar

35、sexposed to the fill material, the test may be considered invalidand performed again using a different batch of tensile bars.3U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Designation of Hazardous SubstancesList of Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities,” Comprehensive Environ-mental Response Compe

36、nsation and Liabilities Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs,40CFR302.4, April 4, 1985.4U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Superfund Amendment and Reautho-rization Act,” Environmental Protection Agency Regulation, Bureau of FederalAffairs, Title III, 1986.5U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Nation

37、al Emission Standards for AirPollutants List of Hazardous Air Pollutants,” Clean Air Act, Bureau of FederalAffairs, Section 112B, 1967.6U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, “Definition of Characteristic and ListedHazardous Waste, Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste,” ResourceConservation a

38、nd Recovery Act, Bureau of Federal Affairs, 40CFR261, May 19,1980.7The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Hi Tech Mold and Tool Inc., 1520 East St., Pittsfield, MA01201. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Intern

39、ationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.8Lexan is a trademark of GE Plastics.FIG. 2 Tensile Bar Shown Without WrappingFIG. 3 Tensile BarF1979 1735.7 Precision and BiasNo information is presented ab

40、outeither the precision or bias of this test method since this testmethod is nonquantitative.6. Paintball Impact Breakage Test6.1 ScopeThis test method is intended to determine theability of the paintballs to burst upon impact.6.2 Summary of Test MethodThis test method involvesshooting paintballs fr

41、om a propelling device at a target, withinthe parameters of this specification, to test for the breakage ofthe paintballs upon the target.6.3 Significance and UseIn the sport of paintball, a playerwho is marked with fill of a paintball is eliminated from thegame, and thus it is desirable that a pain

42、tball be designedwithin parameters such that its outer shell can split open andallow its fill to mark the player. This test method provides ameans of identifying the breakage ability of paintballs withinparameters that reasonably approximate conditions common inthe game of paintball. This test metho

43、d provides a means ofidentifying the breakage of paintballs by impacting a target ata velocity common in the game of paintball.6.4 SamplingSelect 30 paintballs at random from the lotof paintballs being tested.6.5 Apparatus:6.5.1 A paintball marker capable of hurling paintballs hori-zontally at a spe

44、ed of 85.3 6 6 m/s (280 6 20 ft/s) thatcomplies with Specification F2272. Each shots muzzle veloc-ity shall be measured and if not within tolerance, that impact isnot valid.6.5.2 In the case of a laboratory environment this test maybe performed using an air cannon to launch the paintballs, aslong as

45、 the velocity specification of 6.5.1 and barrel specifica-tions of Specification F2272 are met.6.5.3 Equipment employed to measure the speed of the testpaintball shall be accurate to within 60.5 m/s (620 ft/s)muzzle velocity and will be set up and used in accordance withthe manufacturers instruction

46、s supplied with the unit.6.6 Conditioning:6.6.1 All impact testing shall be done using paintballsmanufactured within the previous 8 months.6.6.2 Paintball storage and the non-test handling shall bedone at a relative humidity below 65 % and a temperaturebetween 19C (66F) and 27C (80F).6.6.3 Paintball

47、s shall be conditioned in their original sealedcontainer for at least4hatthehumidity and temperaturespecified in 6.6.2.6.6.4 The testing shall be conducted at the temperaturesspecified in 6.6.2 and shall be completed within 10 min afterremoval of the paintball from the sealed container. Thepaintball

48、 container shall be resealed immediately after eachgroup of paintballs is removed.6.7 Procedure:6.7.1 Secure a plywood target with a minimum thickness of10-mm vertically at a distance of 24.4 6 0.3-m (80 6 1-ft)linear ground distance from the muzzle of the paintball marker.Width and length of the ta

49、rget to be of a size that the laboratorydetermines necessary to hit the target.6.7.2 Measure the velocity of the paintball within 1.0 m (3.3ft) of the muzzle of the propelling device. Paintball velocityshall be 85.3 6 6 m/s (280 6 20 ft/s).6.7.3 Impact the plywood target with ten paintballs at anangle nominally normal to the target and at the distance inaccordance with 6.7.1. Only those shots that are within thevelocity tolerance in accordance with 6.7.2 shall be used in thistest method.6.8 Precision and BiasNo information is presented about