ANSI ASTM F2828-2012 Standard Test Method for Assessing Carpet Cleaning Effectiveness in Terms of Visual Appearance Change When Cleaned with a Wet Extraction Cleaning System《湿法提取清洁.pdf

1、Designation: F2828 12 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forAssessing Carpet Cleaning Effectiveness in Terms of VisualAppearance Change When Cleaned with a Wet ExtractionCleaning System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2828; the number immediately following the des

2、ignation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides onl

3、y a laboratory test forvisually determining the relative carpet cleaning effectivenessof a wet extraction cleaning system when tested under standardconditions.1.2 This test method is applicable to types of upright,canister, and combination wet extraction cleaners and theirrecommended chemical cleani

4、ng formulas intended for clean-ing carpets as a primary or secondary function. This testmethod excludes pre-spray systems or pre-spray treatments.1.3 This test method is not applicable to upholstery cleaningor bare floor cleaning.1.4 This test method applies only to the cleaning of embed-ded soil fr

5、om carpet, not the removal of surface litter anddebris.1.5 This method does not directly quantify the amount ofsoil removed but is visually assessed by employing colorimet-ric instrumentation.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.

6、 Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associa

7、ted with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D6540 Test Method for Accelerated Soiling of Pile YarnFloor

8、CoveringE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodF608 Test Method for Evaluation of Carpet Embedded DirtRemoval Effectiveness of Household/CommercialVacuum CleanersF655 Spe

9、cification for Test Carpets and Pads for VacuumCleaner Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 cleaning effectiveness, wet, nthe potential of a wetextractor cleaner to restore the appearance of a soiled carpet.3.1.2 cleaning system, nwet extraction appliance coupledwith its included or recommende

10、d chemical cleaning formula.3.1.3 model, nthe designation of a group of wet extractioncleaners having identical mechanical and electrical construc-tion with only cosmetic or nonfunctional differences.3.1.4 population, nthe total of all units of a particularmodel wet extraction cleaner being tested.3

11、.1.5 sample, na group of extraction cleaners taken froma large collection of extraction cleaners of one particular modelwhich serves to provide information that may be used as a basisfor making a decision concerning the larger collection.3.1.6 test run, nthe definitive procedure that produces asingu

12、lar measured result.3.1.7 unit, na single wet extraction cleaner of the modelbeing tested.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F11 on VacuumCleaners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F11.35 on ExtractorCleaners.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published

13、August 2012. DOI: 10.1520/F2828-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Internation

14、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.8 wet stroke, na single pass across the test carpet inone direction with the application of the cleaning solution.3.1.9 dry stroke, na single pass across the test carpet inone direction without the applicatio

15、n of any cleaning solution.3.1.10 Delta-E (E), na single number representing thedistance in color space between two colors. Delta-E is derivedmathematically and is used in colorimetry to evaluate theextent of color differences and change.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method will provide an in

16、dication of theeffectiveness of the cleaning system at restoring the appearanceof an artificially soiled carpet by wet extraction cleaning. Thecleaning effectiveness in the laboratory test may not be thesame as in home cleaning due to variations in the homes,carpets, soils, and other factors.4.2 In

17、order to provide a uniform basis for measuring theperformance described in section 1.1, standardized test carpet,test pad, and test soil are employed in this procedure.5. Apparatus5.1 Weighing Scale (for weighing test materials andcarpets)Accurate to 0.01 g (0.00035 oz) and having aweighing capacity

18、 of at least 2.0 kg (4.4 lb).5.2 Stroke Speed Regulator(s)LED two way timer bar(s)or other type of equipment capable of establishing the specifiedrate of movement of the agitator vacuum, test cleaner, andcarpet rake.5.3 VoltmeterTo measure the input voltage to the cleaner,to provide measurements acc

19、urate to within 61%.5.4 Voltage-Regulator SystemTo control input voltage tothe cleaner. The regulator must be capable of maintaining thewet extraction cleaners rated voltage 61 % and rated fre-quency having a waveform that is essentially sinusoidal with 3% max harmonic distortion for the duration of

20、 the test.5.5 Soiling Apparatus:5.5.1 Carpet and Pellet Soiling CylinderAble to be turnedfreely on a ball mill roller. See Appendix X1.5.5.2 Driving SystemCradles the carpet and pellet soilingcylinder on rollers and keeps the axis of the cylinder level,rotates at 0.58 r/s (35 6 2 rpm).5.6 Color Meas

21、urement EquipmentColorimeter capableof measuring the color of pile yarn floor covering andexpressing the results in L*, a*, b*. The device shall utilize aweight and glass plate to compress the instrument into thefibers to reduce variability inherent in the measurement oftextiles with pile such as ca

22、rpet. The recommended pressure ofthe glass plate on the carpet surface is to be 70.0 6 7.0g/cm2(1.0 6 0.1 psi).NOTE 1All necessary adjustments to the color measurement equip-ment for using a glass plate must be made prior to taking readings. See themanufacturers instructions for the specific equipme

23、nt being used.5.7 Colorimeter WeightWeight to be added to the colo-rimeter to ensure that the compressing force defined in section5.6 is achieved. See Fig. 1. The amount of weight required willvary depending on the total weight and the measurement headdimensions of the colorimeter employed.5.8 Pyrom

24、eterOr other temperature measurement devicecapable of measurements up to at least 55 6 0.1C (131 60.1F).5.9 Carpet Color Measurement TemplateTo be the samesize as the test carpet with 10 holes of the same dimensions asthe measurement head of the color measuring device. Seetemplates in Appendix X5.5.

25、10 Vacuum Cleaner(s)With a rotating brush having arange of cleaning performance on ASTM Plush carpet between35 and 45 % when evaluated per the Test Method F608procedure. Multiple units of identical construction are requiredfor each of the carpet conditions (VIRGIN CARPET, SOILEDCARPET, CLEANED CARPE

26、T) to avoid cross-contamination.5.11 Carpet Support TemplateA template which can re-ceive the test carpet with no gaps or overlapping of material.The material shall be of similar construction to the test carpetand mounted on the carpet pad.5.12 Weighted Carpet Grooming RakeAn 18-in. wideGrandi Groom

27、 carpet rake with 3 lb weight added.3See Fig. 2.6. Materials6.1 Test CarpetCut pile nylon carpet. See Appendix X2.6.2 Test PaddingStandardized carpet pad per Specifica-tion F655.6.3 Standard Soiling CompoundAATCC 123 syntheticsoiling formula.46.4 Polymer PelletsPolyamide polymer pellets per TestMeth

28、od D6540. See example of pellet material in AppendixX3.6.5 Chrome Alloy Steel Balls9.5 6 0.02 mm (0.374 60.01 in.) diameter.7. Sampling7.1 A minimum of three units of the same model wetextraction cleaner selected at random in accordance with goodstatistical practice shall constitute the population s

29、ample.7.2 A minimum of six (6) carpet panels shall be tested pertest for each unit. Three (3) panels to be cleaned in the directionof the lay and three (3) to be cleaned AGAINST the lay. SeeFig. 4.8. Conditioning8.1 Test RoomMaintain the test room in which all condi-tioning and extractor cleaner tes

30、ting is performed at 21 6 3C(70 6 5F) and 45 to 55 % relative humidity.8.2 All components involved in the test shall remain and beexposed in the controlled environment for at least 16 h prior tothe start of the test.3Groom Industries AB24 available at: Groom Industries Groom Industries,4282 South 59

31、0 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84123, (800) 397-37594The prepared soil is available from SDLAtlas USA, 3934 Airway Drive, RockHill, SC 29732, (803) 329-2110. The soil identification is Catalog # TA2M/9.F2828 122NOTE 2Materials, such as soil, should be stored according to themanufacturers instructions an

32、d are not required to be exposed to the testroom conditions.9. Procedures9.1 Polyamide Pellet Preparation:9.1.1 Place 1000.0 6 1.0 g (35.3 6 0.04 oz) of thepolyamide polymer pellets into the pellet soiling cylinder.9.1.2 Add 3.0 6 0.1 g (0.106 6 0.004 oz) of the AATCCStandard Soil to the soiling cyl

33、inder for each 1000 g (35.3 oz)of polyamide polymer pellets to be soiled.9.1.3 Secure the lid and place the soiling cylinder on thedriving system. Rotate for 10 min at 0.58 r/s (35 rpm).9.1.4 Reverse direction and continue for an additional 10min, for a total of 20 min to ensure a homogenous mixture

34、 ofthe soil and polyamide polymer pellets.9.1.5 Only prepare enough pellets for testing to be con-ducted within a given work day.NOTE 3It is recommended to only prepare enough pellets for testingwithin a given work day. Any remaining pellets not used within 14 daysfor testing should be discarded.FIG

35、. 1 Colorimeter WeightF2828 1239.2 Test Carpet Preparation:9.2.1 Cut the carpet specimen into carpet panels 45.7 cm (18in.) wide and 91.4 cm (36 in.) long, with the long dimension inthe direction of carpet lay. The lay of the carpet must beoriented to result in six (6) panels for each test. Three (3

36、)panels with the “top” marked such that they will be cleanedWITH the lay and the other three (3) panels marked with the“top” such that they will be cleaned AGAINST the lay asshown in Fig. 4. The carpet panels should be numbered forreference.9.2.2 Prepare the carpet panels for testing by vacuumingeac

37、h to remove loose fibers with the VIRGIN CARPETrotating agitator vacuum cleaner for 16 strokes at 0.55 m/s (1.8ft/s). Eight strokes on each side of the carpet starting on theright side and indexing after the eighth stroke to the oppositeside. Allowance should be made for the belt guard so that theen

38、tire area is cleaned with agitation. The first forward strokeshould be AGAINST the lay of the carpet in all cases.9.2.3 Using the procedure described in 9.3, evaluate thecarpet to determine the initial, virgin readings.FIG. 2 Grandi Groom Carpet RakeF2828 1249.3 Colorimetric Evaluation Procedure:9.3

39、.1 Carpet Grooming ProcedurePrior to measuring theL*, a*, and b* values for the carpet panels, the fibers shall begroomed using the Weighted Carpet Grooming Rake. Readingsshall be made for each carpet in its virgin, soiled, and cleanedstate.9.3.2 Place the rake on the carpet such that the strokedire

40、ction is only in the direction WITH the lay in all cases. Pullthe rake across the carpet at 0.20 m/s (8.0 in./s) taking care tokeep the tines perpendicular to the carpet surface. Repeat thisstep for a total of 5 strokes with no indexing. Note that allstrokes begin at the same end of the carpet.9.3.3

41、 Using the carpet color measurement template and thecolorimetric measuring equipment measure the L*, a*, and b*values of the carpet panel at the same ten (10) measurementlocations on each carpet panel. The weight shall be added to theinstrument during measurements to provide consistent pressureof th

42、e plate on the measurement surface per section 5.6.NOTE 4Care should be taken to minimize disturbance of the carpetfibers after grooming if carpet panels are to be transported from the floorto a bench top to perform color measurements.9.4 Carpet Soiling Procedure:9.4.1 Ensure that the carpet soiling

43、 cylinders and chromealloy steel balls are clean and dry.9.4.2 Each carpet panel is fitted into a soiling cylinder. Caremust be taken to orient the panels correctly in the soilingcylinder(s) as shown in Fig. 3 to ensure proper direction ofrotation during tumbling.9.4.3 Spread 2000 6 2 g (70.6 6 0.07

44、 oz) clean, chromealloy steel balls evenly along the seam of the carpet inside thecarpet soiling cylinder. Distribute the predetermined amount ofsoiled polymer pellets on top of the chrome alloy steel ballsand secure the lid. Rotate the cylinder in the direction shown inFig. 3 at 0.58 r/s 35 rpm for

45、 15 min. After 15 min, reverse thedirection of the rollers or reverse the orientation of the cylinderin order to rotate in the opposite direction for an additional 15min.NOTE 5The amount of soiled pellets must be predetermined toprovide a E of 12.0 6 1.0 between “virgin” and “soiled” conditions. See

46、section 10.1 for determining E.FIG. 3 Orientation of Carpet Panel in the Soiling CylinderF2828 1259.4.4 Remove the chrome alloy steel balls and pellets fromthe cylinder. The steel balls may be re-used. The pellets shallnot be re-used.9.4.5 Carefully remove the carpet panel from the soilingcylinder m

47、aking sure the carpet pile does not come into contactwith any other part of the carpet.9.4.6 Remove any loose pellets from the carpet panel.9.4.7 Vacuum the carpet panel with the SOILED CARPETrotating agitator vacuum cleaner for 16 strokes at 0.55 m/s (1.8ft/s). Eight strokes on each side of the car

48、pet starting on theright side and indexing after the eighth stroke to the oppositeside. Allowance should be made for the belt guard so that theentire area is cleaned with agitation. The first forward strokeshould be AGAINST the lay of the carpet in all cases.9.4.8 Using the procedure described in 9.

49、3, evaluate thesoiled carpet panel to establish the soiled readings.9.4.9 Calculate the E between the virgin and soiled read-ings to ensure that the E value of 12.0 6 1.0 has beenachieved. Adjust the amount of soiled polyamide polymerpellets and start over if the E is outside of this range. Seesection 10.1 to calculate E.9.4.10 The soiled carpets must be used within 14 days ofsoiling.NOTE 6It is important when performing comparative testing ofproduct models that the carpet and soil be taken from the same lots.9.5 Cleaning Proc