1、Designation: F894 13 An American National StandardStandard Specification forPolyethylene (PE) Large Diameter Profile Wall Sewer andDrain Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F894; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methodsfor materials, dimensions, workmanshi
3、p, ring stiffness,flattening, joint systems, and a form of marking for largediameter, 10 to 132 in. (250 to 3355 mm), inside diameterbased polyethylene (PE) pipe of profile wall construction andwith bell and spigot, heat fusion, extrusion welded or elctro-fusion joints for use in gravity flow applic
4、ations, such as forsewers and drains.NOTE 1Pipe produced to this specification should be installed inaccordance with Practice D2321 and with the manufacturers recommen-dations.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalcon
5、versions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with it
6、s use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1600 Terminology forA
7、bbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow ApplicationsD2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristic
8、s of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basisfor Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basisfor Thermoplastic Pipe ProductsD3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer PlasticPipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3350 Specificati
9、on for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-tings MaterialsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-ing Plastic PipeF585 Guide for Insertion of Flexible Polyethylene Pipe IntoExisting SewersF1290 Practice for Electrofusion Joining P
10、olyolefin Pipe andFittingsF2620 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipeand Fittings2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)32.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance
11、with Termi-nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.The abbreviation forpolyethylene is PE.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 closed profile (CP)a profile wall pipe wall construc-tion that presents essentially smooth in
12、ternal and externalsurfaces.3.2.2 extrusion weldinga joining technique that is accom-plished by extruding a molten polyethylene bead between twoprepared surface ends.3.2.3 gravity flow, nfor the purposes of the specification,gravity flow means a piping system flowing less than full,1This specificati
13、on is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.26 on OlefinBased Pipe.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F894 07. DOI:10.
14、1520/F0894-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order
15、 Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was develo
16、ped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1except during storms
17、 or high flow conditions when the systemmay become surcharged in which case, the system is subject totemporary internal hydrostatic pressure that is limited to jointcapabilities. See Section 7.3.2.4 open profile (OP)a profile wall pipe wall construc-tion that presents an essentially smooth internal
18、surface with aribbed or corrugated external surface.3.2.5 profile walla pipe wall construction that presents anessentially smooth surface in the waterway but includes ribs orother shapes, which can be either solid or hollow, that helpbrace the pipe against diametrical deformation (see Fig. 1).3.2.6
19、ring stiffness constant (RSC)the value obtained bydividing the parallel plate load in pounds per foot of pipelength, by the resulting deflection, in percent, at 3 % deflection.The ring stiffness constant (RSC) that is used in this specifi-cation to classify pipe is a measure of the pipes deformation
20、resistance to diametrical point loading, such as is experiencedduring handling and installation. A pipe should resist theseloads sufficiently well to allow its installation to prescribeddeflection limits.4. Classifications and Uses4.1 UsesThe requirements of this specification are in-tended to provi
21、de pipe suitable for underground or overgroundgravity flow drainage of sewage, surface water, and industrialwaste.NOTE 2Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only uponthe specific approval of the governing code, or other authority, and afterdetermining the suitability of the product un
22、der the anticipatedenvironment, temperature, and other end-use conditions. Users shouldconsult the manufacturer for the required product information.4.2 ClassificationsThis specification covers PE profilewall pipe products made in six standard ring stiffness constant(RSC) classifications, namely 40,
23、 63, 100, and 160, 250 and400. These are referred to as RSC 40, RSC 63, RSC 100, RSC160, RSC 250 and RSC 400.NOTE 3Other RSC classifications may be supplied, as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer, provided that such productcomplies in every other respect with the applicable dimens
24、ional tolerancesand testing requirements of this specification.4.3 Joining Systems:4.3.1 Bell and Spigot, Gasketed TypeSeal is affected by agasket compressed between the spigot and billed ends of thepipe (see Fig. 2).4.3.2 Bell and Spigot, Extrusion Weld TypeSeal is affectedby extrusion welding (3.2
25、.2) of the bell and spigot pipe ends(see Fig. 2).4.3.3 Heat FusionHeat fusion joints are in accordancewith Practice F2620. Seal is affected by joining molten pipeends under controlled temperature and pressure (see Fig. 3).4.3.4 Plain End Extrusion WeldSeal is effected by extru-sion welding prepared
26、plain ends of the pipe (see Fig. 4).4.3.5 Electrofusion Bell the nominal pipe size, in inches; the legend PEsewer and drain pipe; the RSC classification; either thethermoplastic material designation code or the cell classifica-tion number in accordance with Specification D3350; themanufacturers name
27、, trade name, or trademark and the manu-facturers production code, identifying plant location, machineand date of manufacture.12. Packaging12.1 All pipe, unless otherwise specified, shall be packed orloaded onto a carrier, for standard commercial shipment.13. Quality Assurance13.1 When the product i
28、s marked with this designation,F894, the manufacturer affirms that the product wasmanufactured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordancewith this specification and has been found to meet therequirements of this specification.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSGOVERNMENT/MILITARY PROCUREMENTThese requirem
29、ents apply only to Federal/Military procurement, not domestic sales or transfers.S1. Responsibility for InspectionUnless otherwise speci-fied in the contract or purchase order, the producer is respon-sible for the performance of all inspection and test require-ments specified herein. The producer ma
30、y use his own or anyother suitable facilities for the performance of the inspectionand test requirements specified herein, unless the purchaserdisapproves. The purchaser shall have the right to perform anyof the inspections and tests set forth in this specification wheresuch inspections are deemed n
31、ecessary to ensure that materialconforms to prescribed requirements.NOTE S1.1In U.S. Federal contracts, the contractor is responsible forinspection.S2. Packaging and Marking for U.S. Government Procure-ment:S2.1 PackagingUnless otherwise specified in the contract,the materials shall be packaged in a
32、ccordance with the suppli-ers standard practice in a manner ensuring arrival at destina-tion in satisfactory condition and which will be acceptable tothe carrier at lowest rates. Containers and packing shall complywith Uniform Freight Classification rules or National MotorFreight Classification rule
33、s.S2.2 MarkingMarking for shipment shall be in accor-dance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD-129 for military agencies.NOTE S2.1The inclusion of U.S. Government procurement require-ments should not be construed as an indication that the U.S. Governmentuses or endorses the product
34、s described in this document.F894 137APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RELATION OF RSC TO PIPE PROPERTIES AND PIPE STIFFNESSX1.1 The RSC, as determined by the method specified inthis specification, is related to the pipe materials effectivemodulus of elasticity (E) and moment of inertia (I) of
35、 the pipewall by the following equation:RSC 5 6.44 EI/D2(X1.1)where:RSC = experimentally derived value (in units of poundsload per foot of pipe per percent reduction of pipediameter normal to the applied load) of a parallelplate applied load divided by the resultant relativedecrease in pipe diameter
36、,E = effective modulus of elasticity of pipe materialunder conditions of testing (psi),I = pipe wall moment of inertia (in.4/in.), andD = mean pipe diameter (in.).X1.1.1 The RSC, as measured by this test, is related to pipestiffness (PS) as derived in accordance with the requirements ofTest Method D
37、2412 by the following equation:PS 5 C 38.337 RSC!D(X1.2)where:PS = pipe stiffness (psi) at 5 % and at12 in.min,RSC = as defined in X1.2,D = as defined in X1.2, andC = factor to adjust the calculated pipe stiffness to valuesobtainable by testing in accordance with Test MethodD2412.X1.2 The adjustment
38、 factor will vary in accordance withmaterial, pipe size, and geometrical configuration of the pipewall. An approximate value is 0.80. For specific products,consult the manufacturer for the most appropriate adjustmentfactor. Tabulated values for the minimum pipe stiffness for thespecified RSCs are sh
39、own in Table X1.1. This table representsminimum values only, and for specific products, consult themanufacturer for the appropriate value.X1.3 It has been demonstrated that pipe stiffness is not acontrolling factor in design of buried polyethylene pipingsystems installed in accordance with Practice
40、D2321 or equiva-lent recommended practices (12)5Control of deflection isachieved primarily through control of the earthwork surround-ing buried systems. Practice D2321 should be followed toachieve this control.X1.4 When polyethylene pipe is to be installed by insertioninto older existing pipes or is
41、 to be laid where no support fromthe surrounding environment is possible. Practice F585 shouldbe considered.X1.5 The design factors that are important to the long-termperformance of buried polyethylene pipe and that should beconsidered by the engineer include:X1.5.1 Allowable wall compressive streng
42、th,X1.5.2 Buckling resistance,X1.5.3 Allowable strain, andX1.5.4 Allowable long-term deflection.5The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis specification.TABLE X1.1 Minimum Pipe Stiffness for Specified RSCS (psi)APipeDiameterRSC 40 RSC 63 RSC 100 RSC 16010
43、24.5 38.2 61.3 98.112 19.7 30.7 49.3 78.915 15.2 23.7 38.1 60.918 12.9 20.2 32.2 51.619.5 12.4 18.8 30.4 48.321 11.0 17.4 27.8 44.424 9.8 15.3 24.4 39.027 8.6 13.7 21.7 34.730 7.8 12.3 19.5 31.233 7.1 11.2 17.8 28.436 6.6 10.2 16.2 25.840 5.9 9.3 14.8 23.742 5.6 8.8 14.1 22.648 4.9 7.7 12.3 19.754 4
44、.3 6.9 11.0 17.760 3.9 6.2 9.8 15.866 3.6 5.6 9.0 14.372 3.3 5.2 8.3 13.378 3.0 4.8 7.7 12.384 2.8 4.4 7.0 11.390 2.6 4.2 6.6 10.696 2.5 3.8 6.2 9.8108 2.2 3.4 5.5 8.8120 2.0 3.1 5.0 7.9132 1.9 2.9 4.6 7.3AMinimum pipe stiffness will vary by manufacturer based on differences in pipewall geometry.F89
45、4 138X2. BASE INSIDE DIAMETER FOR CALCULATION OF DEFLECTION LIMITSX2.1 Table X2.1 is provided to establish a uniform numberrepresenting the inside diameter, to be used as a base forcalculation of deflection limits. For the purpose of monitoringthe quality of installation, a specifier may apply a def
46、lectionlimit that he deems appropriate to the base inside diameter toarrive at a minimum acceptable diameter.X2.2 The base inside diameter is not a product qualitycontrol requirement, nor should it be used for flow calculations.X2.3 The base inside diameter is derived by subtracting atolerance packa
47、ge from the pipes average inside diameter, Di(inches). The tolerance package is defined as follows:Tolerance Package 5 =A21B2where:A = tolerance on average inside diameter from Table 1, andB = out-of-roundness tolerance = 0.03 Di, in. (mm).X2.4 The minimum acceptable diameter for deflection isobtain
48、ed by reducing the base inside diameter by the allowabledeflection. This procedure is demonstrated here for the 712 %recommended limit of Appendix X3 (example: (100 % 7.5 %)100 %) 17.42 = 16.11).TABLE X2.1 Base Inside Diameters and Minimum AcceptableDiameter for 7.5% DeflectionNominalPipe Size,in. (
49、mm)Average InsideDiameter, in.(mm)Base InsideDiameter,in. (mm)MinimumAcceptableDiameter for7.5 % Deflectionin. (mm)10 (250) 10.00 (254.0) 9.52 (241.8) 8.81 (223.8)12 (300) 12.00 (304.8) 11.48 (291.6) 10.62 (269.7)15 (380) 15.00 (381.0) 14.41 (366.0) 13.33 (338.6)18 (460) 18.00 (457.2) 17.34 (440.4) 16.04 (407.4)19.5 (495) 19.50 (495.3) 18.80 (477.5) 17.39 (441.7)21 (530) 21.00 (533.4) 20.26 (514.6) 18.74 (476.0)24 (610) 24.00 (609.6) 23.19 (589.0) 21.45 (544.8)27 (690) 27.00 (685.8) 26.11 (663.2) 24.15 (613.4)30 (760) 30.00 (762.0) 29.02 (737
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