ANSI AWS A2.4-2012 Standard Symbols for Welding Brazing and Nondestructive Examination (7th Edition).pdf

1、AWS A2.4:2012An American National StandardStandard Symbolsfor Welding,Brazing, andNondestructiveExaminationAWS A2.4:2012An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteAugust 23, 2011Standard Symbols forWelding, Brazing, andNondestructive Examination7th EditionSupers

2、edes AWS A2.4:2007Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) A2 Committee on Definitions and SymbolsUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard establishes a method for specifying certain welding, brazing, and nondestructi

3、ve examination informationby means of symbols. Detailed information and examples are provided for the construction and interpretation of thesesymbols. This system provides a means of specifying welding or brazing operations as well as nondestructive examina-tion, including the examination method, fr

4、equency, and extent.iiAWS A2.4:2012International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-796-2American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2012 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reprod

5、uced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal,

6、 oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS A2.4:2012Statement on the Use of American Welding

7、Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AW

8、S American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSsta

9、ndards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship

10、 exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to ac

11、hieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability f

12、or any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or comp

13、leteness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using

14、 these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions are entrusted to appropriately q

15、ualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publicationof amendments or errata. It may also be supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions ofAWS standards including amendm

16、ents, errata, and addenda are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users shouldensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities

17、 for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.The AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, te

18、xt, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate techn

19、ical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex H).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be re

20、ndered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions

21、 constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS A2 Committee on Definitions and Symbols. It must bereviewed

22、every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful conside

23、ration by the AWS A2 Committee onDefinitions and Symbols and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments.Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS A2 Committee on Definitions and Symbols to express theircomments verbally. Procedures for appeal of

24、 an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in theRules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the AmericanWelding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS A2.4:2012vAWS A2.4:2012

25、PersonnelAWS A2 Committee on Definitions and SymbolsB. B. Grimmett, Chair Areva NPJ. P. Christein, Vice Chair Huntington Ingalls IndustriesNewport News ShipbuildingS. N. Borrero, Secretary American Welding SocietyL. J. Barley OTCDaihenD. M. Beneteau Centerline (Windsor) LimitedC. K. Ford Hobart Inst

26、itute of Welding TechnologyB. Galliers General Electric AviationJ. J. Gullotti Electric Boat CorporationR. L. Holdren Applications Technologies Company, LLCC. Lander St. John Inspection ServicesP. M. Newhouse BC Hydro EngineeringQuality AssuranceW. F. Qualls ConsultantJ. J. Vagi Engineering Consulta

27、ntJ. L. Warren CNH America, LLCB. D. Worley GE Aviation, DaytonElano DivisionAdvisors to the AWS A2 Committee on Definitions and SymbolsJ. E. Greer Moraine Valley CollegeL. J. Siy ConsultantAWS A2C Subcommittee on SymbolsJ. P. Christein, Chair Huntington Ingalls IndustriesNewport News ShipbuildingJ.

28、 J. Gullotti, Vice Chair Electric Boat CorporationS. N. Borrero, Secretary American Welding SocietyC. K. Ford Hobart Institute of Welding TechnologyC. Lander St. John Inspection ServicesP. M. Newhouse BC Hydro EngineeringQuality AssuranceJ. L. Warren CNH America, LLCB. D. Worley GE Aviation, DaytonE

29、lano DivisionAdvisors to the AWS A2C Subcommittee on SymbolsL. J. Barley OTCDaihenD. M. Beneteau Centerline (Windsor) LimitedB. Galliers General Electric AviationR. L. Holdren Applications Technologies Company, LLCL. J. Siy ConsultantThis page is intentionally blank.viAWS A2.4:2012viiAWS A2.4:2012Fo

30、rewordThis foreword is not part of AWS A2.4:2012, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing,and Nondestructive Examination, but is included for informational purposes only.Joining processes and examination methods cannot take their proper place as fabricating tools unless means are providedfor conveying

31、 information from the designer to joining and inspection personnel. The symbols in this publication areintended to be used to facilitate communication among the design, fabrication, and inspection personnel. Statementssuch as “to be welded throughout” or “to be completely welded,” in effect, transfe

32、r the design responsibility from thedesigner to production personnel, who cannot be expected to know design requirements.The symbols presented in this standard provide the means for placing welding, brazing, and nondestructive examinationinformation on drawings. In practice, many users will need onl

33、y a few of the symbols, and, if they desire, can select onlythe parts of the system that fit their needs.The publication AWS A2.4 came into existence in 1976 as a result of combining and superseding two earlier documents,A2.0, Standard Welding Symbols, and A2.2, Nondestructive Testing Symbols. Both

34、of these early documents had theirorigins in work done jointly by the American Welding Society and the American Standards Association (ASA) SectionalCommittee Y32. AWS A2.0 was first published in 1947 and was revised in 1958 and 1968. AWS A2.2 first appeared in1958 and was revised in 1969.The evolut

35、ion of AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Testing, is shown below:ANSI/AWS A2.4-76 Symbols for Welding and Nondestructive Testing;ANSI/AWS A2.4-79 Symbols for Welding and Nondestructive Testing, Including Brazing;ANSI/AWS A2.4-86 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing

36、, and Nondestructive Examination;ANSI/AWS A2.4-93 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination;ANSI/AWS A2.4-98 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination; andAWS A2.4:2007 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination.This

37、seventh edition of AWS A2.4 has undergone extensive formatting modifications locating the figures closer to theirreferencing clauses. Numerous figures and clauses were revised and new figures added for clarification purposes. Severalillustrations were added with the intent of making the standard mor

38、e user-friendly. For example, Figures 47 and 48 havebeen added to illustrate the application of intermittent edge welds, which had previously lacked illustration. In addition,a new Informative Annex F, ISO 2553 Welding Symbols, was added to introduce users to ISO welding symbols. Thisintroduction is

39、 educational and not intended to replace the official ISO document. Many of the modifications made werethe result of comments and suggestions from the users of this standard.This new edition also contains some revised technical content. For user clarity, the depth of groove placeholder “S” hasbeen r

40、eplaced by “D”, and the groove weld size “(E)” has been replaced by “(S)” throughout the standard for groovewelds. The history behind the “(E)” was to designate effective throat dimension for the groove weld size. These lettermodifications will not alter the meaning of the groove welding symbol. Let

41、ters only reflect a placeholder for a numericalvalue and thus will not change the meaning of any existing or future use of the groove welding symbol. In addition, thisletter modification will line up with the AWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, methodology.Another change introduc

42、ed is the standardization of the term “Depth of Groove” throughout the standard. In past revisions,“Depth of Bevel” was used randomly in place of “Depth of Groove.” This change was made since a bevel weld symbol isonly one symbol of the groove weld symbol family.Comments and suggestions for the impr

43、ovement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS A2 Committee on Definitions and Symbols, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL33126.This page is intentionally blank.viiiAWS A2.4:2012ixAWS A2.4:2012Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel vForeword.viiLis

44、t of Tables. xiiiList of Figures. xiii1. General Requirements 11.1 Scope 11.2 Units of Measurement 11.3 Safety12. Normative References .13. Terms and Definitions .24. Basic Welding Symbols .24.1 Distinction between Weld Symbol and Welding Symbol.24.2 Basis of Reference24.3 Weld Symbols.24.4 Suppleme

45、ntary Welding Symbols 34.5 Welding Symbols34.6 Placement of the Welding Symbol .44.7 Illustrations.45. Joint Types .46. General Provisions for Welding Symbols46.1 Location Significance of the Arrow .46.2 Location of the Weld with Respect to the Joint66.3 Orientation of Specific Weld Symbols .86.4 Br

46、eak in the Arrow .86.5 Combination Weld Symbols.86.6 Multiple Arrow Lines .86.7 Multiple Reference Lines .86.8 Field Weld Symbol .166.9 Extent of Welding Denoted by Symbols 166.10 Weld-All-Around Symbol 166.11 Tail of the Welding Symbol196.12 Contour Symbols196.13 Melt-Through Symbol206.14 Melt-Thro

47、ugh with Edge Welds .206.15 Method of Drawing Symbols .206.16 U.S. Customary and SI Units .206.17 Weld Dimension Tolerance.206.18 Changes in Joint Geometry during Welding.207. Groove Welds.237.1 General .23xPage No.AWS A2.4:20127.2 Depth of Groove and Groove Weld Size 257.3 Groove Dimensions 357.4 L

48、ength of Groove Welds.357.5 Intermittent Groove Welds .397.6 Contours and Finishing of Groove Welds 397.7 Back and Backing Welds447.8 Joints with Backing 467.9 Joints with Spacers .467.10 Consumable Inserts 467.11 Groove Welds with Backgouging.467.12 Seal Welds 497.13 Skewed Joints .498. Fillet Weld

49、s.528.1 General .528.2 Size of Fillet Welds.528.3 Length of Fillet Welds 528.4 Intermittent Fillet Welds.578.5 Fillet Welds in Holes and Slots.578.6 Contours and Finishing of Fillet Welds578.7 Skewed Joints .579. Plug Welds589.1 General .589.2 Plug Weld Size589.3 Angle of Countersink .589.4 Depth of Filling 589.5 Spacing of Plug Welds589.6 Number of Plug Welds .589.7 Contours and Finishing of Plug Welds.629.8 Joints Involving Three or More Members6210. Slot Welds.6310.1 General .6310.2 Width of Slot Welds6310.3 Length of Slot Welds 6310.4 Angle of Countersink .6310.5 Depth of Filling