ANSI AWS D11.2-1989 Guide for Welding Iron Castings《铁铸件焊接指南》.pdf

1、ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)An American National StandardGuide for WeldingIron Castings550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 14, 1988Guide forWelding Iron CastingsPrepared by theAmerican Weldi

2、ng Society (AWS) D11 Committee on Welding Iron CastingsUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of Directors, March 3, 1988AbstractThis standard presents briefly the history and metallurgy of cast iron and the welding processes applicable to it.A newly dev

3、eloped weldability test is described in detail and instructions given for its application in specific cases.Provision is made for qualification of welding procedures and welders when necessary; quality control practice is alsoincluded.iiANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)International Standard Book Number: 0-

4、87171-295-4American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 1989 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaReaffirmed: April 27, 2006Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted

5、in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clien

6、ts is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes,

7、specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are eithe

8、r incorporated in, ormade part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governme

9、ntal body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from

10、requirementsof an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers

11、the processand establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, orverify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or o

12、ther damages of any nature whatsoever, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In

13、issuing and making this standard available, AWS is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or onbehalf of any person or entity. Nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own inde

14、pendent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standar

15、d does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, AWS

16、 does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of th

17、e technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road,Miami, FL 33126. With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on A

18、WS standardsmay be rendered. However, such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them.These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions orinterpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinio

19、ns are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an officialinterpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D11 Committee on Welding Iron Castings. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recom

20、mendations,additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D11 Committee onWelding Iron Castings and the author of the comments will be i

21、nformed of the Committees response to the comments.Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D11 Committee on Welding Iron Castings to express theircomments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in theRules of Operation of the Tec

22、hnical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the AmericanWelding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank.ivANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)vANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)Personnel (Reaffirmation)*AdvisorAWS Committee on Welding Iron CastingsE.

23、G. Yevick, Chair Weld-Met International GroupS. Charlip, Vice Chair Nassau Research CorporationJ. L. Gayler, Secretary American Welding Society*J. G. Bielenberg Retired*R. A. Bishel ConsultantR. A. Bushey ESAB Welding & Cutting ProductsJ. L. Cooley J C & Associates, IncorporatedD. W. Davis Beaver Va

24、lley Alloy Foundry*R. O. Drossman Wear Management Services, IncorporatedR. H. Frost Colorado School of MinesS. D. Kiser Special MetalsE. R. Kuch Consultant*R. L. Montana Mid-Florida Technical Institute*L. W. Myers ConsultantN. Prager Anchor Research CorporationM. D. Rosensteel Beyond the BendJ. D. S

25、imko Hodge Foundry, IncorporatedJ. Turriff Wisconsin Wire WorksThis page is intentionally blank.viANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)viiANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)Personnel (Original)*AdvisorAWS Committee on Welding Iron CastingsL. W. Myers, Chair Dresser-RandR. J. Dybas, 1st Vice Chair General Electric Company

26、J. E. Jones, 2nd Vice Chair American Welding InstituteE. J. Seel, Secretary American Welding SocietyK. E. Banks Teledyne McKayR. G. Bartifay Aluminum Company of America*J. G. Bielenberg ConsultantR. A. Bishel Inco Alloys InternationalR. A. Bushey Alloy RodsR. O. Drossman Wear Management ServicesE. R

27、. Kuch Cooper Industries*J. C. Margerie Centre Technique*J. V. Matush Combustion Engineering*A. H. Miller DISCW. F. Ridgway Eutectic Corporation*L. E. Shoemaker Inco Alloys International*R. A. Strahl California Polytechnic State University*C. F. Walton ConsultantE. G. Yevick Weld-Met InternationalW.

28、 M. Zimmer AMPCO MetalThis page is intentionally blank.viiiANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)ixANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)ForewordThis foreword is not a part of ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006), Guide for Welding Iron Castings,but is included for informational purposes only.This publication is a reaffirmation of the

29、first edition published in 1989. The content of the standard is identical to the1989 publication except that the safety and health facts sheets in Appendix F have been updated. Reaffirmation of thisstandard by the Committee on the Welding of Iron Castings indicates that this standards content is sti

30、ll current withtodays technology and practices.This guide was prepared by the American Welding Society Committee on the Welding of Iron Castings as a serviceto the industry. Sufficient data have been gathered and organized to yield an authoritative source of sound technicalpractices for joining iron

31、 castings. The description of iron castings, together with factors to be considered in joiningthem, is presented here as clearly and concisely as possible. It is the Committees hope that this guide will lead to betterquality and performance.These recommendations represent the best of current practic

32、e in the opinion of the Committee. At the present state of theart, all recommendations may not be applicable to all products and situations. Selection of pertinent requirements shouldbe the result of rational decisions and not lack of knowledge on the part of those who are welding iron castings.Comm

33、ents and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS D11 Committee on Welding of Iron Castings, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL33126.This page is intentionally blank.xANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)xiANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R

34、2006)Table of ContentsPage No.Personnel (Reaffirmation)vPersonnel (Original) viiForeword .ixList of Tables xiiiList of Figuresxiv1. Scope and History11.1 Scope11.2 History .12. Cast Iron Its Metallurgy and Weldability12.1 Metallurgy12.2 Difficulties in Welding Iron Castings42.3 AWS Weldability Test

35、Program62.4 Preweld Testing for Weldability113. General Considerations When Welding Iron Castings .143.1 Base Metal Preparation143.2 Joint Design .153.3 Heat Input 173.4 Preheat .173.5 Electrode Manipulation .203.6 Peening 213.7 Cooling 213.8 Postweld Heat Treatment.214. Gas Processes .234.1 Oxyfuel

36、 Welding (OFW).234.2 Flame Spraying of Gray Iron (FLSP) 274.3 Braze Welding .275. Arc Welding Processes305.1 General.305.2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) .305.3 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) 355.4 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) 375.5 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)415.6 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW).

37、446. Surfacing and Overlaying.456.1 Processes456.2 Thermal Spraying 456.3 Other Processes476.4 Surfacing Materials486.5 Technique 507. Applications .507.1 Casting Defect Repair507.2 Repair of Machining Defects.51xiiPage No.ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)7.3 Repair of Castings After Service .517.4 Fabricat

38、ion .518. Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification518.1 General.518.2 Welding Procedure Qualification 528.3 Welding and Welding Operator Performance Qualification .529. Quality Control529.1 General.529.2 Quality Control Practices and Procedures .529.3 Acceptance Criteria .5410. Safety and Hea

39、lth 5410.1 Fumes and Gases .5410.2 Radiation5510.3 Electric Shock5510.4 Fire Prevention.5510.5 Explosion .5510.6 Burns5510.7 Further Information .55Appendix A Weldability Test .51A1. Introduction57A2. Equipment Required 57A3. Welding Conditions.58A4. Test Procedure .59Appendix B Applications 63Appen

40、dix C Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification 83C1. General.83C2. Welding Procedure Qualification 83C3. Inspection Results Required 95C4. Welding and Welding Operator Performance Qualification .97Appendix D Recommended System for Classification of Welds in Iron Castings,Appendix D and Associ

41、ated Quality Levels 105D1. Classification of Welds in Iron Castings .105D2. Test Requirements .105Appendix E ASME Code Cases109E1. Case 1867.109E2. Case 1939.109Appendix F Safety and Health .111xiiiANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)List of TablesTable Page No.xivANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)List of FiguresFigure

42、 Page No.xvANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)Figure Page No.This page is intentionally blank.xviANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)1Guide forWelding Iron CastingsANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)2ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)3ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)4ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)5ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)6ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)7ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)8ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)9ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)10ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)11ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)12iANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)13