ANSI AWS D8.8M-2014 Specification for Automotive Weld Quality - Arc Welding of Steel.pdf

1、Specification forAutomotive WeldQualityArcWelding of SteelAWS D8.8M:2014An American National StandardAWS D8.8M:2014An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteSeptember 9, 2014Specification for Automotive Weld QualityArc Welding of SteelSupersedes AWS D8.8M:2007P

2、repared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D8 Committee on Automotive WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification provides the minimum quality requirements for arc welding of various types of automotive andlight

3、 truck components. This specification covers the arc and hybrid arc welding of coated and uncoated steels.ISBN: 978-0-87171-857-0 2014 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a ret

4、rieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of thecopyright owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, per-sonal, or educational clas

5、sroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society providedthat the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel:(978) 750-8400; Internet: .AWS D8.8M:2014iiStatement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAl

6、l standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules ofthe American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National

7、 Standards are either incorporatedin, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of othergovernmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes inthose AWS standards must be approv

8、ed by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they canbecome a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contractor other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in o

9、r devi-ations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. Wh

10、ile AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test,evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons

11、or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever,whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, useof, or reliance on this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of anyinformatio

12、n published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should r

13、ely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent per

14、sonnel.This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend-ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standardsincluding amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web p

15、age (www.aws.org). Users should ensure thatthey have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standardaccept any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items.

16、AWS disclaims liability for theinfringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this st

17、andard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex A).With regard to technic

18、al inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professionaladvice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giv

19、ing them. These individualsdo not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretationsof AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision

20、 at any time by the AWS D8 Committee on Automotive Welding. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommenda-tions, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required andsh

21、ould be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D8Committee on Automotive Welding and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees responseto the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D8 Committee on Automot

22、ive Welding toexpress their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments areprovided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtainedfrom the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, F

23、L 33166.AWS D8.8M:2014iiiAWS D8.8M:2014ivThis page is intentionally blankPersonnelAWS D8 Committee on Automotive WeldingD. L. Galiher, Chair Tower InternationalT. Coon, 1st Vice Chair Ford Motor CompanyM. D. Tumuluru, 2nd Vice Chair U. S. SteelE. H. Abrams, Secretary American Welding SocietyG. Armst

24、rong Yachiro of Ontario Mfg. Inc.J. E. Beckham Chrysler Group LLCJ. C. Bohr General MotorsW. H. Brafford Tuffaloy Products, IncorporatedJ. W. Dolfi ConsultantF. W. Hunt Hitachi America, LimitedJ. G. Hunt AET Integration, IncorporatedC. Jiang AET Integration, IncorporatedS. C. Kelley Arcelor MittalD.

25、 P. Kelly Fusion Welding SolutionsD. R. Kolodziej Ford Motor Company (Retired)D. F. Maatz, Jr R & E Automated Systems LLCT. W. Morrissett SDK Engineering, LLCJ. S. Noruk Servo Robot CorporationW. F. Qualls ConsultantAdvisors to the AWS D8 Committee on Automotive WeldingE. Cross-Smith Meggitt Aircraf

26、t Braking SystemsW. Doneth Fronius USA LLCAWS D8C Subcommittee on Automotive Arc Welding of SteelJ. S. Noruk, Chair Servo Robot CorporationE. H. Abrams, Secretary American Welding SocietyB. Allen BMW Manufacturing CorporationG. Armstrong Yachiyo of Ontario Mfg. Inc.E. Biro ArcelorMittalJ. C. Bohr Ge

27、neral Motors North AmericaR. Carlson NAO/CRWE. Cross-Smith Meggitt Aircraft Braking SystemsR. M. Dull Edison Welding InstituteB. J. Farkas Maxal Inc.M. D. Gartner Midway Products GroupK. W. Gerhart Edison Welding InstituteM. Herbert RetiredJ. G. Hunt AET IntegrationR. A. Krause AlcoTec Wire Corporat

28、ionT. Lowe Spec-Weld Technologies, IncorporatedW. A. Marttila WAMcom Consulting LLCH. R. Mistry Cosma InternationalM. P. Morgan The Lincoln Electric CompanyM. D. Tumuluru U.S. SteelA. Anderson ITW Welding North Americas CompanyAdvisors to the AWS D8C Subcommittee on Automotive Arc Welding of SteelD.

29、 L. Galiher Tower InternationalE. T. Hetrick Ford Motor CompanySpecial ContributorE. Boan John Deere SeedingAWS D8.8M:2014vAWS D8.8M:2014viThis page is intentionally blankForewordThis foreword is not part of AWS D8.8M:2014, Specification for Automotive Weld QualityArc Welding of Steel, butis include

30、d for informational purposes only.This specification was developed by the AWS D8C Subcommittee on Automotive Arc Welding of Steel of the AWS D8Committee on Automotive Welding.Arc welding of truck and car frame structures with relatively thick metal parts and using the gas metal arc welding(GMAW) pro

31、cess is covered in AWS D8.8-97/SAE HS J1196, Specification for Automotive and Light Truck ComponentsWeld QualityArc Welding and D8.8M: 2007 Specification for Automotive Weld Quality-Arc Welding of Steel. Recentchanges in automotive design, caused by the desire to reduce fuel consumption and improve

32、crash performance, haveresulted in automotive structures being made of thinner and higher strength metal parts. This fact combined with theincreased use of Zinc Coated Steels to reduce corrosion has made successful arc welding more difficult. This specifica-tion addresses joint geometry and workmans

33、hip requirements essential to automotive component arc welding quality. Asthe automotive industry is continually adopting new designs and materials, this standard is not intended to limit the useror prevent adoption of technology advancements. One objective was to prepare a specification that would

34、be useful forthe original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and Tier suppliers of automotive components who may not have qualitystandards of their own. Another objective is to have the OEMs and Tier suppliers use and specify this document in orderto establish common industry standards.This fifth editio

35、n, D8.8M:2014, Specification for Automotive Weld QualityArc Welding of Steel, includes the followingchanges, notated with a vertical line along the side of the page:1. Improvement of several figures and related text to depict discontinuities more realistically, make them easier toread and where poss

36、ible, utilize ones already spelled out in A2.4 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, andNondestructive Examination.2. Harmonize requirements for fusion and penetration across all joint types.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secret

37、ary,AWS D8 Committee on Automotive Welding, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166.AWS D8.8M:2014viiAWS D8.8M:2014viiiThis page is intentionally blankTable of ContentsPage No.Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x1. General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24. General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Welding Processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.4 Weld Identification and Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.5 Types of Weld Joints and Applicable Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45. Weld Quality Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、 . . . . . . . . 45.1 Weld Discontinuities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 Dimensional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3

45、Weld Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Annex A (Informative)Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15List of AWS Documents on Automotiv

46、e Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17AWS D8.8M:2014ixList of FiguresFigure Page No.1. Fillet Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

47、. Examples of Discontinuities Found in Arc Welds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . Example of Notching at End of Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. Examples of Undercut, Melt-Through

48、, Root Penetration, and Overlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55. Fillet Welded T-Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76. Illustration of Fillet WeldsConcavity and Convexity. . . . . . . . . . . .

49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 . Leg Length of a Lap Fillet Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 . Effective Weld Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99. Partial Joint Penetration Groove Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910. Flare-Bevel-Groove Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .