ANSI AWS Z49.1-2012 Safety in Welding Cutting and Allied Processes《焊接、切割和相关工艺中的安全》.pdf

1、Safety in Welding,Cutting, andAllied ProcessesANSI Z49.1:2012An American National StandardANSI Z49.1:2012An American National StandardApproved by the American National Standards InstituteMarch 9, 2012Safety in Welding, Cutting,and Allied ProcessesSupersedes ANSI Z49.1:2005Prepared by theAccredited S

2、tandards Committee Z49,Safety in Welding and CuttingSecretariatAmerican Welding SocietyAbstractThis standard covers all aspects of safety and health in the welding environment, emphasizing oxygen gas and arc welding processes with some coverage given to resistance welding. It contains information on

3、 protection of personneland the general area, ventilation, fire prevention and protection, and confined spaces. A significant section is devoted toprecautionary information, showing examples, and an extensive bibliography is included.ANSI Z49.1:2012iiAmerican National StandardApproval of an American

4、 National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus,and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has beenreached by directly

5、 and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, butnot necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort bemade toward their resolution.The use of American National Standards is complet

6、ely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude any-one, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products,processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop stan

7、dards and will in no circumstances give an interpreta-tion of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretationof an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretationsshould

8、be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures ofthe American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm,

9、revise, or withdraw thisstandard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writ-ing the American National Standards Institute.International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-809-9American Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL

10、33126 2012 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaPhotocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior wri

11、tten permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appro-priate fee is paid to th

12、e Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400;Internet: .Personnel(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of final committee action on the document.)American National Standard Committee Z49A. F. Manz, ChairmanS. P. Hedrick, SecretaryAMERIC

13、AN FOUNDRY SOCIETYF. H. KohloffAMERICAN COLLEGE OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINEL. LeeW. Milliken (Alternate)E. Favata (Alternate)AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATIONN. TristaniAMERICAN SOCIETY OF SAFETY ENGINEERSE. R. ZieglerT. J. Martin (Alternate)AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETYD. ClarkS. P. Hedr

14、ick (Alternate)CANADIAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATIONJ. J. PalachCANADIAN WELDING BUREAUJ. MacRaeCOMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATIONA. F. ManzR. A. Smith (Alternate)INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BRIDGE, STRUCTURAL, ORNAMENTAL AND REIFORCINGIRON WORKERSE. AbbottINTERNATIONAL THERMAL SPRAY ASSOCIATIOND. HaydenINTERNATI

15、ONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION, INCORPORATEDJ. FranklinC. FargoMECHANICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, INCORPORATEDP. ChaneyW. SperkoANSI Z49.1:2012iiiNATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INCORPORATEDF. StupczyG. Winchester (Alternate)NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATIOND. DuvalS

16、HEET METAL WORKERS INTERNATIONALG. BatykeferU.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCET. PazellR. G. Cox (Alternate)U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYS. C. GrahamR. WrightU.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABORR. B. Bell (nonvoting)U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVYE. BergU.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (NIOSH)M. GresselANSI Z49.1:2012ivForew

17、ordThis foreword is not part of ANSI Z49.1:2012, Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes, but is included for informational purposes only.The huge demands for production placed on the United States by World War II brought a tremendous expansion to theuse of welding. In mid 1943, it was recog

18、nized that some type of code or standard was needed relating to safe practicesfor performing welding. Under the auspices of the American Standards Association, the standard was drafted and pub-lished in 1944. It was entitled American War Standard Z49.1, Safety in Electric and Gas Welding, and Cuttin

19、gOperations.Following the war, the standard was first revised in 1950. Subsequent revisions occurred in 1958, 1967, 1973, and 1983.Each updated the standard in accordance with changing technology and welding practices. The revisions up to andincluding 1973 were largely evolutionary and closely prese

20、rved the format of the original war standard.In 1983, a major rewrite was undertaken to take proper account of the vast changes in welding which had occurred in the40 years of the standards existence and to clarify the somewhat patchwork presentation that had built up during the evo-lutionary revisi

21、ons. The scope was redefined to address in greater detail the safety rules to be practiced by the welder andenforced by welding supervision and management. Provisions which had appeared in earlier editions, but which dealtmore with building construction and piping installation over which the welder

22、had little control, were deleted. The 1988,1994, 1999, 2005, and 2012 revisions follow this same philosophy. Revisions are identified by a vertical line in the mar-gin next to the text.During the period of its publication, the American Standards Association has become the American National Standards

23、Institute and War Standard ASA Z49.1-1944 has now become ANSI Z49.1:2012.SUGGESTIONSComments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary,ANSI Z49 Committee, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.REQUESTS FOR STANDA

24、RD INTERPRETATIONOfficial interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to:Managing Director, Technical ServicesAmerican Welding Society550 N.W. LeJeune RoadMiami, FL 33126Requests not in writing cannot be considered for an of

25、ficial interpretation (See Annex E).ANSI Z49.1:2012vThis page is intentionally blank.ANSI Z49.1:2012viTable of ContentsPage No.Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、 . iiiForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vList of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xPart IGeneral Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Purpose . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Scope and Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3

30、Exclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 Approved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 Confined Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 Cylinder Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 Other Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.6 Qualified Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 Shall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 Should . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.9 Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

36、.10 Welder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. General Provisions, Management, and Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、 . . . . 33.1 Setup and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.2 Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44. Protection of Personnel and the General Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 Protection of the General Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 Eye and Face Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 Protective Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.4 Noise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.5 Respiratory Protective Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.6 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115. Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.2 Breathing Zone Sampling .

43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.3 Avoid the Fume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.4 Types of V

44、entilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.5 Special Ventilation Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.

45、 Fire Prevention and Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.1 Areas Containing Combustibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46、. . 146.2 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15ANSI Z49.1:2012vii6.3 Hot-Work Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166.4 Welding or Cutting Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167. Confined Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.1 Ventilation in Confined Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177.2 Location of Service Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.3 Adjacent Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.4 Emergency Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.5 Attendants in Areas Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.6 Brazing Furnaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .