ANSI B11 STD B11.4-2003 Safety requirements for Shears《剪床的安全要求》.pdf

1、 i ANSI B11.42003 (R13) American National Standard for Machine Tools Safety requirements for Shears Secretariat and Accredited Standards Developer: B11 Standards, Inc., POB 690905 Houston, TX 77069-0905, USA www.b11standards.org Approved: FEBRUARY 10, 2003 Reaffirmed: MAY 29, 2013 by the American Na

2、tional Standards Institute, Inc. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Copyright 2013 by B11 Standards, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permis

3、sion of B11 Standards, Inc. ii AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS By approving this American National Standard, the ANSI Board of Standards Review confirms that the requirements for due process, consensus, balance and openness have been met by B11 Standards, Inc., (the ANSI-accredited standards developing

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18、 be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. You may contact the Secretariat for current status information on this, or other B11 standards. Published by: B11 Standards, Inc., Houston, TX 77069, USA Copyright 2013 by B11 Standards Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States

19、of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. iii Table of Content Page FOREWORD . IV INTRODUCTION VII 1 SCOPE 1 1.1 SPECIFIC SHEAR TYPES INCLUDED . 2 1.2 SPECIFIC SHEAR TYP

20、ES EXCLUDED 2 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES . 2 3 DEFINITIONS 3 4 RESPONSIBILITY . 9 4.1 SUPPLIER . 9 4.2 USER . 10 4.3 PERSONNEL 11 5 HAZARD CONTROL .12 5.1 TASK AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 12 5.2 RISK ASSESSMENT / RISK REDUCTION . 13 6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 15 6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ALL SHEARS 15 6.2 E

21、LECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS 17 6.3 CONTROL SYSTEMS . 22 7 LAYOUT, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND START-UP 28 7.1 GENERAL . 28 7.2 LAYOUT 28 7.3 INSTALLATION 29 7.4 TESTING AND START-UP 29 8 SAFEGUARDING .30 8.1 RESPONSIBILITY . 30 8.2 SAFEGUARDING PERSONNEL 31 8.3 METHODS OF SAFEGUARDING. 31 8.4 PERFORMANCE O

22、F THE SAFETYRELATED FUNCTION(S) 34 9 SET-UP, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE .35 9.1 SET-UP 35 9.2 OPERATION 35 9.3 MAINTENANCE . 38 9.4 BLADE SERVICING. 39 ANNEX A: GUARDING AND AWARENESS BARRIER SAFE OPENINGS .40 TABLE A.1 - MINIMUM DISTANCES FOR GUARDS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES) . 40 FIGURE A.1: LOCATION

23、OF GUARDS VS. OPENINGS 41 ANNEX B : FIGURES 42 ANNEX C : TASK - BASED HAZARDS (INFORMATIVE) 53 ANNEX D: PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETY-RELATED FUNCTION(S) .54 iv Foreword (This Foreword is not part of the requirements of American National Standard B11.42003.) The primary objective of this standard is to

24、eliminate or control the risk of injuries to personnel associated with shears by establishing requirements for the machines construction, care and use and for the production systems in which shears are used. To accomplish this objective, responsibilities have been assigned to the builder, user, modi

25、fier, rebuilder and system integrator, as well as to the employer and the employee in the working environment. Pointofoperation safeguarding is the single most important factor in the elimination of pointofoperation injuries. A production system consists of the shear as one component, feeding method

26、s (including part or scrap removal) as a second component, and the third component, pointofoperation safeguarding. The vital third component, pointofoperation safeguarding, can be evaluated for effectiveness only after the first two components and operator involvement is known. Since this informatio

27、n is known and controlled by the employer, the responsibility for compliance with clause 6 has been assigned accordingly. The safeguarding of production systems in shearing operations is complicated by the wide variety of operations and operating conditions, the variations in size, speed, and type o

28、f shear used; the size, thickness, and kind of pieces to be worked; the required accuracy of the finished work; the skill of operators; the length of run; and the method of sheet feeding and part and scrap removal. Because of these varying factors in the operations and in the workplace, a wide varie

29、ty of pointofoperation safeguarding methods (guards and devices) has been covered in this standard. The words “safe“ and “safety“ are not absolutes. An element of safety is attitude. While the goal of this standard is to eliminate injuries, it is recognized that risk cannot be reduced to zero in any

30、 human activity. This standard is not intended to replace good judgment and personal responsibility. Operator skill, attitude, training, job monotony, fatigue and experience are safety factors that must be considered by the employer. To aid all parties concerned in conforming to the requirements of

31、this standard, explanatory information has been placed in the right column, adjacent to the applicable requirements. Shears and associated equipment technologies are continuously evolving. This standard reflects the most commonly used and time-tested state of the art at the time of its approval. The

32、 inclusion or omission of language relative to any evolving technology, either in the requirements or explanatory area of this standard, in no way infers acceptance or rejection of such technologies. Inquiries with respect to the application or the substantive requirements of this standard, and sugg

33、estions for its improvement, are welcomed, and should be sent to B11 Standards, Inc., POB 690905, Houston, TX 77269. v This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee on Safety Standards for Machine Tools. Committee approval of this standard does

34、not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the B11 Accredited Standards Committee had the following members: Alan Metelsky, Chairman Barry Boggs, Vice-Chairman David Felinski, Secretary Organizations Represented Name of Representat

35、ive Delegate Alternate Aerospace Industries Association of America Willard Wood Lisa Goldberg / Chris Carnahan Aluminum Extruders Council Melvin Mitchell Scott Burkett American Society of Safety Engineers Bruce Main, PE, CSP George Karosas, PE,CSP Association For Manufacturing Technology Russell Ben

36、sman Alan Metelsky The Boeing Company Don Nelson Lance Chandler, PE Canadian Standards Association Elizabeth Rankin, CRSP Walter Veugen Deere no deviation is permitted. The term “SHOULD” denotes a recommendation, a practice or condition among several alternatives, or a preferred method or course of

37、action. Similarly, the term “CAN” denotes a possibility, ability or capability, whether physical or causal, and the term “MAY” denotes a permissible course of action within the limits of the standard. B11 conventions: Operating rules (safe practices) are not included in either column of this standar

38、d unless they are of such nature as to be vital safety requirements, equal in weight to other requirements, or guides to assist in compliance with the standard. The B11 standards do not use the term “and/or” but instead, the term “OR” is used as an inclusive disjunction, meaning one or the other or

39、both. A distinction between the terms “individual” and “personnel” is drawn. Individual includes personnel (employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other contract workers under the indirect control of the supplier or user) but also encompasses persons who are not under the direct or indirect cont

40、rol of the supplier or user (e.g., visitors, vendors, etc.). Gauge refers to a measuring or testing instrument; gage refers to limiting device (e.g., backgage). Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to B11 Standards, Inc., POB 690905, Houston, TX 77269. vi

41、i Introduction The primary purpose of every machine tool is to process parts. This is accomplished by the machine imparting process energy onto the workpiece. Inadvertent interference with, or accidental misdirection of the released energy during production, maintenance, commissioning and de-commiss

42、ioning may result in injury. The primary purpose of the ANSI B11 series of machine tool safety standards is to devise and propose ways to minimize risks of the potential hazards. This can be accomplished either by an appropriate machine design, by restricting personnel or other individuals access to

43、 hazard areas, and by devising work procedures to minimize personnel exposure to hazardous situations. This is the essence of the ANSI B11 series of safety standards. The responsibility for the alleviation of these risks is divided between the equipment supplier, the equipment user and its operating

44、 personnel, as follows (numbers in parentheses refer to the clause numbers in these standards which address that responsibility): American National Standard B11.42003 STANDARD REQUIREMENTS EXPLANATORY INFORMATION 1 American National Standard for Machine Tools Safety Requirements for Shears STANDARD

45、REQUIREMENTS EXPLANATORY INFORMATION (Not part of the requirements of this American National Standard for Machine Tools - Safety Requirements for Shears - ANSI B11.42003 R2013) 1 Scope E1 This standard applies to those mechanically, hydraulically, hydro-mechanically or pneumatically powered shears u

46、sed to cut material by shearing, and which utilize a fixed blade(s) and non-rotary moving blade(s). Shears addressed in this standard are commonly found in these basic applications: See the following Figures in Annex B for examples of shears: Figure # Description 1 Mechanical power shear, underdrive

47、 type 2 Mechanical power shear overdrive type 3 Hydraulic power shear 4 Pneumatic powered shear 5 Manually powered shear 6 Right angle shear 7 Crop shear 1) standalone 1) Standalone shears are those single units in which each stroke is activated by some action of the operator. This may include initi

48、ation of a foot or hand control or feeding a sheet until it contacts a probe or other stroke initiating device. 2) standalone, automatic 2) Standalone, automatic shears include those single units with fully automatic sheet feeder and/or positioning systems in which, once started, a continuous series

49、 of cuts are made without operator intervention. 3) process line 3) Process line shears include those machines which have been integrated into an automated system including a number of processes. Cycling of the shear stroking mechanism is a slave to the system control. Examples would be coil cuttolength lines, coil slitting lines with crop shears (ANSI B11.18), or manufacturing systems (ANSI B11.20). For the purpose of this standard, the term shear shall be inclusive of stand-alone, stand-alone