1、-1 =IA Na1 American National Standards Institute 1 - 11 West 42nd Street New York, New York 10036 ANSI 83-2 92 = 072YL50 0500983 2 ANSI 83.2-1 992 American National Standard for Rolling Element Bearings - Aircraft Engine, Engine Gearbox, and Accessory Applications - Surface Visual Inspection Secreta
2、riat Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, Inc. Approved February 21, 1992 American National Standards Institute, Inc. . ANSI 83.2 92 0724150 0500784 4 American Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and ot
3、her criteria for National approval have been met by the standards developer. Standard Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than
4、 a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary: their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whe
5、ther he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American
6、National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be ad- dressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the ti
7、tle page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National St
8、andards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright O 1992 by American National Standards Institute All rights reserved. No
9、 part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America APS2C592I18 ANSI 83.2 92 0724350 0500985 b Contents Page Foreword , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10、. . , , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Definitions . . . 1 4 Inspection requirements and instructions 3 5 Inspection criteria . . 4 6 Certification . 4 Tables 1 Bearing materials . 2 2 Visual magnification for inspecting functional surfaces
11、 of rings and rolling elements . 4 Figures 1 Tears . 3 2 Visual defects acceptability test for functional surfaces on rings and rolling elements 5 3 Visual defects acceptability test for nonfunctional surfaces and control lands 6 4 Visual defects acceptability test for functional and nonfunctional c
12、age surfaces prior to plating (machined metallic cages only) 7 Annex A Bibliography . 8 i _ _ ANSI 83-15 92 0724350 0500986 B Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard 83.2-1 992.) This American National Standard was prepared by a task force consisting of representatives of c
13、ompanies which manufacture rolling element bear- ings and aircraft, or aircraft engines, or both, in the United States. This standard is issued by the Accredited Standards Committee B3 of the American National Standards Institute as an industrial standard that is intended to be used by aircraft manu
14、facturers, or aircraft engine manufac- turers, or both, for the procurement of rolling element bearings for aircraft engine and accessory applications. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, Inc., 11 O
15、1 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee on Ball and Roller Bearings, 83. Committee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all com- mittee members voted for its a
16、pproval. At the time it approved this standard, the 83 Committee had the following members: Gene Looft, Chairman Robert H. Feest, Vice-Chairman Gary T. Satterfield, Secretary Organization Represented Name of Representative Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, Inc. . Robert H. Feest Camer
17、on Gardella P.S. Given C.A. Griffiths W.G. Looft P.S. Orvos B. Pratt S.J. Puckett Allen P. Wherry (Alt.) Defense Industrial Supply Leon Silverman Hydraulic Institute R. Barry Erickson National Machine Tool Builders Association . L.E. Remillard Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers E.E. P
18、faffenberger U.S. Department of the Navy . Adelbert J. Durig individual Members W.J. Anderson G.W. Argadine Arthur L. Butterworth J.C. Clark W.J. Derner Joseph W. Lenski, Jr. Quoc Nguyen William E. Poole John E. Sague E. Zaretsky ii ANSI 83.2 92 0724150 0500987 T = AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI 83
19、.2-1 992 American National Standard for Rolling Element Bearings - Aircraft Engine, Engine Gearbox, and Accessory Applications - Surface Visual Inspection 1 Scope This standard establishes a system ,ar uniform visual acceptance criteria for aircraft engine, gearbox and accessory anti-friction bearin
20、gs in continuous rotation applications made of the material listed in table 1. The standard require- ments are in a flow chart format; the written text is supplementary and is used as support for the flow charts. 2 Normatlve references The following standards contain provisions which, through refere
21、nce in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. Ali standards are subject to revi- sion, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of appl
22、ying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. MIL-STD-130 G-1988, Identification marking of US military property) 3 Definitions 3.1 Surfaces 3.1.1 functional surface: All active sur- faces of a bearing, specifically the following: - rolling elements: All surfaces (except roller cor
23、ners for class C); - rings: Raceway surfaces; guide rib adja- cent to raceway (roller bearings); - cage (retainer): Entire pocket (except retention features); piloting (land riding) sur- face. 3.1.2 nonfunctional surface: All surfaces other than those defined as functional includ- ing, but not limit
24、ed to, faces, outside diameters, inside diameters, slots, corners, flanges, etc. 3.2 Limits on spacing and number of imperfections 3.2.1 individual limits: Individual limits on the size of imperfections of the same type, without regard to their number or spacing. (A lower size limit may apply if the
25、re is a clus- ter of imperfections of the same type.) 3.2.2 cluster limits: Cluster limits on size and number applying to two or more imperfec- tions of the same type, clearly separated, which can be contained within a circle of the maximum diameter allowed by the assigned standard. (Imperfections l
26、ying outside the circle are treat- ed as individual when they lie at least the dis- tance of the circle apart from each other.) 3.3 imperfections 3.3.1 bulge: A swelling or protuberance caused by deformation of the part. This does not include intentional deformation required for rolling element rete
27、ntion. 3.3.2 burrs: Flakes of metal or roughness (feather-edge) found attached at intersecting surfaces such as corners, drilled holes, milled slots, grooves, and identification stamps. Available from the Naval Publications and Forms Center, Attention NPFC-3064, 5801 Tabor Avenue, 1 Philadelphia, PA
28、 19120. _ ANSI 83.2 92 9 0724350 0500988 3 0 ANSI 83.2-1992 TZ Material 521 O0 521 O0 440C MOD 440C M-50 TIMKEN T-1 BG-42 4340 4340 8620 8620 P.Q. 8620 931 O 931 O P.Q. 931 O RYOWEAR 53 CBS 600 M-50 NIL ! - Beat ig materials Melting practice Air melt - vacuum degassed CEVM (consumable electrode vacu
29、um melt) Air melt - vacuum degassed VAR VIM (vacuum induction melt) VAR Air melt - vacuum degassed VIM -VAR Vacuum melt Air melt Air melt - vacuum degassed CEVM CEVM - double vacuum melt Air melt - vacuum degassed CEVM CEVM -double vacuum melt VIM -VAR VIM -VAR VIM -VAR Controlling specifications AN
30、SVSAE AMS 6440 ANSVSAE AMS 6444 ANSVSAE AMS 5630 ANSVSAE AMS 5618 ANSVSAE AMS 6491 ASTM A485-Grade 3 ANSVSAE AMS 5749 ANSI/SAE AMS 641 5 ANSVSAE AMS 641 4 ANSVSAE AMS 6274 ANSVSAE AMS 6276 ANSI/SAE AMS 6277 ANSVSAE AMS 6260 ANSVSAE AMS 6267 ANSVSAE AMS 6265 ANSI/SAE AMS 6308 ANSI/SAE AMS 6255 ANSVSA
31、E AMS 6278 Hardening Through Through Through Through Through Through Through Through Th roug h Case Case Case Case Case Case Case Case Case 3.3.3 crack: A separation, fissure, or rup- ture of material surface characterized by sharp edges, or sharp changes in direction, or both, usually narrow and li
32、near. 3.3.4 comet head, comet tail: See tears 3.3.5 corrosion and rust: Surface broken or pitted with discoloration around perimeter of pits. Also, surface discoloration without breaks or pits which appears to be an iron oxide (excluding heat treat discoloration). The condition of a cluster of pits
33、alone, without discoloration, may or may not be indicative of an earlier condition of rust or corrosion. In either case, in the absence of the discol- oration, a cluster of pits shall be considered under the definition of pits. 3.3.6 dents, nicks, indentations: Depres- sions or hollows on a surface
34、made by mechanical injuries tu the surface, such as 2 from pressure or blows by hard objects against the finished surface. These generally appear the same as the unmarred surface around, and are visible only by virtue of light reflection caused by the change in uniformity of the surface. Typically t
35、hese defects are brig ht-bottomed. 3.3.7 heat treat scale: Loosely adherent surface oxides formed during heat treatment which can be removed with a hand probe. 3.3.8 inclusion: An entrapped foreign mate- rial particle retained in the metal during soli- dification, irregular in shape and dark colored
36、 in contrast to the normal metallic shiny sur- face. 3.3.9 pits: Small cavities in the surface, free of discoloration around the perimeter, usually dark at the bottom and generally circular in shape. ANSI 83.2 92 0724350 0500989 3 m 3.3.10 process marks: Marks due to pro- cessing and inspection oper
37、ations, such as grinding, honing, polishing, gaging, turning, milling, broaching, etc, on finished surfaces. These are residual surface abrasions or imperfections resulting from these operations but which are not a part of the characteristic matte of these operations. Includes grinding tears and scr
38、atches. See also tears. 3.3.11 raised material/raised edges: Material that has been disrupted so as to be higher than the surrounding surface. 3.3.1 2 rust: See corrosion and rust. 3.3.13 scratch: A linear depression with a sharp bottom caused by movement of a sharp object or particle across the sur
39、face. 3.3.14 scuffs: A series of small superficial abrasions caused by the rubbing together of hard surfaces. 3.3.15 stains: Surface discolorations, with no broken surface, including tarnishes other than those associated with corrosion, rust, or heat treat scale. These must be removable by light pol
40、ishing that will not adversely affect the surface; however, heat treatment discoloration (without scale, pitting, or corrosion) remaining on unground surfaces, and plating discol- oration, although not easily removable, shall be treated as stains. 3.3.16 tears, grinding tears: A deep narrow scratch,
41、 parallel to the lay of the surface, sometimes with a hole at one end, resulting from material being pulled during a grinding or Tail Head Figure 1 -Tears t ANSI 83.2-1992 honing operation. The scratch and the hole are commonly known as a comet tail and comet head, respectively (see figure 1). 4 Ins
42、pection requirements and instruc- tions 4.1 Visual inspection Visual inspection shall be performed in accor- dance with table 2 and figures 2 to 4. 4.2 The use of the stylus A stylus of the designated tip radius shall be used for determining the acceptability of cer- tain observed surface imperfecti
43、ons (where Can you feel it? appears in figure 2). The use of the stylus shall be in accordance with the following: - With the stylus approximately 30“ off perpendicular to the surface in question, guide with the fingers and thumb. Do not firmly grasp the stylus or push it towards the surface; rather
44、, allow it to float between fingers and thumb, applying only its own weight against the surface; - Guide the stylus in a direction approxi- mately perpendicular to the general lay of the imperfection. If the point hesitates (catches) at any one spot, the surface imper- fection being judged shall be
45、evaluated in accordance with figures 2 to 4. 4.3 Perpendicularity Perpendicularity and 30“ off perpendicular are as determined by eye and should be adjusted by the inspector to accommodate the size or configuration of the part. 4.4 Imperfections Imperfections which cannot be felt shall not count tow
46、ards any spacing or quantity limits on those which can be felt. 4.5 Application This standard provides three grades of visual criteria, based on rolling element size. The grade of visual inspection required shall be specified by the design activity (as defined by MIL-STD-130) on each specific part n
47、umber drawing, or bearing specification, or both. If 3 ANSI 83-2 92 072YL.50 0500990 T m ANSI 83.2-1992 Table 2 - Visual magnification for inspecting functional surfaces of rings and rolling elements Grade Rolling element diameter Up to 0.5 in (12.7 mm) Over 0.5 through 1 .O in (25.4 mm) Over 1 .O i
48、n (25.4 mm) Visual magnification) I A 7x 3x lx B 3x lx lx C lx lx lx Higher magnification can be used to determine the type and size of imperfection at the suppliers option; however, imperfections shall be subject to rejection only if visible at the stated magnification. lx is defined as 16 - 18 in
49、(406 - 457 mm) distant. Illumination shall be 100 ft candles (1000 lux) minimum. no grade is specified by the design activity, grade C shall apply. Table 2 indicates the required visual magnification for each grade. 5 Inspection criteria 5.1 Maximum limits are specified in figures 2 to 4: functional ring and rolling element sur- faces; nonfunctional ring surfaces and control lands; and cage (retainer) surfaces. 5.2 Defects not meeting these chart require- ments shall be cause for rejection. 5.3 Stains, in accordance with the definition of 3.3.15, which are acceptable need n
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