ANSI B71.3-2005 Outdoor Power Equipment - Snow Throwers - Safety Specifications《室外动力设备.扫雪机.安全规范》.pdf

1、American National Standardfor Snow Throwers Safety SpecificationsANSI B71.3-2005ANSIB71.3-2005Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright American National Standard

2、s Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSIB71.3-2005Revision and redesignation ofANSI/OPEI B71.3-1995American National Standardfor Snow Throwers Safety SpecificationsSponsorOutdoor Power Equipment Institu

3、te, Inc.Approved December 15, 2004 American National Standards Institute, Inc.Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Approval of an American National Standard requires r

4、eview by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval havebeen met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly andmaterially affected inter

5、ests. Substantial agreement means much more thana simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be madetowards their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; theirexistence

6、does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill in no circumstances

7、 give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should beaddressed to the secretariat or sp

8、onsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purch

9、asers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.American National StandardPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036Copyright 2005 by American Natio

10、nal Standards Institute, Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in anyform, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of AmericaCopyright American National Standards Institute Provided

11、by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iContentsPageForeword . iii Part I: General 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 13 Definitions. 2Part II: Walk-behind snow throwers - Requirements and test procedures 4 Controls 65 Guard

12、s, shields, chutes, deflectors, and housings . 76 Servicing. 97 Electrical requirements . 98 Label durability requirements . 109 Tests for power snow throwers. 1010 Safety instructions and signs - Machine . 1411 Safety instructions - Operators manual . 14Part III: Ride-on machines with snow thrower

13、attachments - Requirementsand test procedures 12 Controls 1513 Guards, shields, chutes, deflectors, and housings . 2014 Servicing. 2115 Electrical requirements . 2116 Label durability requirements . 2217 General requirements. 2318 Tests for power snow throwers. 2319 Safety instructions and signs - M

14、achine . 3020 Safety instructions - Operators manual . 30Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiPageFigures 1 Arctic mitten 312 Operator position, operator control pos

15、ition, and hazard zones. 323 Pictorials for safety labels. 364 Snow thrower housing 385 Finger probe . 39 6 Safety instructions for walk-behind snow throwers. 40 7 Safety instructions for ride-on snow throwers. 43 Annex A Rationale 46Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS un

16、der license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iiiForeword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI B71.3-2005.)The standard is a revision of American National Standard for Snow throwers - Safetyspecifications, ANSI/OPEI B

17、71.3 -1995. The present revision was prepared by theB71.3 Committee on Snow Throwers as part of OPEIs continuing work on standards. The principal purpose of this revision was to update the scope, to include commercialturf machine attachments, address hand-in-chute accidents, and eliminate sometests

18、that are not relevant. Consensus for this standard was achieved by use of the Canvass Procedures. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sentto the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc., 341 South Patrick Street, Alexandria,VA 22314. The following organization

19、s and individuals, recognized as having an interest in thestandardization of safety requirements for snow throwers, were contacted prior to theapproval of this revision of the standard. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily im-ply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the propo

20、sed standard toANSI. American Consulting and Testing, Inc. American Honda Motor Company, Inc. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Ariens Company Consumer Product Safety Commission Dr. Cathleen A. Godzik, MD Lombard Technical Consulting, Inc. MTD Products, Inc. SGS U.S. Testing Co., Inc. South

21、land Engineering Systems Texas Technical University, Grounds Maintenance The Toro Company Underwriter Laboratories, Inc. Mr. Paul Zito Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

22、-,-,-AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI B71.3-2005American National Standard for Snow Throwers Safety Specifications 1 Part I: General 1 Scope The specifications in this standard apply to (a) walk-behind power snow throwers, (b) ride-on power snow throwers, (c) lawn ride-on tractors with snow thrower a

23、ttachments, (d) lawn and garden tractors with snow thrower attachments, and (e) lever-steer ride-on machines with snow thrower attachments. These specifications are not intended to apply to hand-held snow throwers nor to airport, highway, and agricultural types of snow removal machines and equipment

24、. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based o

25、n this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI B71.1-2003, Commercial Turf Care Equipment Walk Behind Mowers and Ride-On Machines with Mowers Safety Specifications ANSI B71.4-2004, Commercial

26、 Turf Care Equipment Safety Specifications ANSI Z535.4-2002, Product Safety Signs and Labels ANSI/SAE J1362-JUL97, Graphical Symbols for Operator Controls and Displays on Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines ANSI/UL 73-1998, Motor-Operated Appliances ASTM G152, Standard Practice for Operating Open

27、Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials ASTM G153, Standard Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials ASTM G155, Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials ISO

28、11684:1995, Tractors, Machinery for Agricultural and Forestry, Powered Lawn and Garden Equipment Safety Signs and Hazard Pictorials General Principles ISO 3767-1:1998, Tractors, Machinery for Agriculture and Forestry, Powered Lawn and Garden Equipment Symbols for Operator Controls and Other Displays

29、 Part 1: Common Symbols ISO 3767-2/Amd3:2000 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI B71.3-2005 2 ISO 3767-3: 1995, Tractors, Machinery for Agriculture and Forestry,

30、 Powered Lawn and Garden Equipment Symbols for Operator Controls and Other Displays Part 3: Symbols for Powered Lawn and Garden Equipment SAE J156-2000, Fusible Links SAE J554-1987, Electric Fuses (Cartridge Type) SAE J594-1995, Reflex Reflectors SAE J1127-2000, Battery Cables SAE J1128-2000, Low Te

31、nsion Primary Cable SAE J1284-1988, Blade-Type Electric Fuses SAE J2031-2001, High Tension Ignition Cable SAE J1292-1981, Automotive, Truck, Truck Tractor, Trailer and Motor Coach Wiring SAE J258-2000, Circuit Breaker Internal-Mounted Automatic Reset SAE J553-1996, Circuit Breakers SAE JISO 3411, Ea

32、rth-Moving Machinery - Human Physical Dimensions of Operators and Minimum Operator space envelope 3 Definitions 3.1 arctic mitten: A large insulated mitten (see Figure 1). 3.2 barrier: The vertical plane determined by an obstruction, such as a handle or steering wheel, that restrains the operator (s

33、ee Figure 2). 3.3 brake: The mechanism used to: (a) decelerate, (b) stop, or (c) hold a vehicle or components. 3.4 braking distance: The distance traveled between the point of the first application of the brake control and the point at which the machine or combination comes to rest. 3.5 clutch: A de

34、vice used for engaging or disengaging the load from the power source. 3.6 collector: An auger or similar device used to gather snow. 3.7 collector housing: The structure, framework, or integral shields that limit access to, and egress of, material from the collector. 3.8 durable label: A label used

35、as a safety sign or for instruction or identification and that meet or exceed the requirements of clauses 8 and 16 of this standard. 3.9 engine (motor) kill switch: A normally off, shutoff control for the engine (motor). 3.10 engine (motor) start: The change of engine (motor) state from not producin

36、g power to producing power. 3.11 guard or shield: A part or an assembly that restricts access to the hazard areas. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI B71.3-2005

37、 3 3.12 hazard zone: A three-dimensional area that might be hazardous for a person to occupy (see Figure 2). The hazard zone moves with the discharge chute and does not include the space behind the discharge chute that is guarded by the discharge chute. 3.13 impeller: A power-driven device that impa

38、rts energy to discharge the snow. For the purposes of this standard, when the collecting function of a device is combined with the impelling function, the device will be called an “impeller.” 3.14 impeller housing: The structure, framework, or integral shield that limits access to, and egress of, ma

39、terial from the impeller. 3.15 legible lettering: Sans-serif gothic uppercase lettering such as standard medium, folio medium, news gothic bold, or equivalent. Minimum letter height should be one unit of height for every 500 units of viewing distance. 3.16 line voltage circuit: A circuit involving a

40、 potential that is not to exceed 130 volts and is in excess of those of a low-voltage circuit. (See 2.3 of ANSI/UL 73.) 3.17 low-voltage circuit: A circuit involving a peak open-circuit potential of not more than 42.4 volts supplied by a primary battery, by a standard Class 2 transformer, or by a su

41、itable combination of a transformer and a fixed impedance, which, as a unit, complies with all performance requirements for Class 2 transformers. (See 2.4 of ANSI/UL 73.) 3.18 man (95th percentile): The physical dimensions of an adult male as defined in SAE JISO 3411. 3.19 manual start: Utilization

42、of operator force to rotate engine for starting purposes. 3.20 neutral return: A device that will return the ground speed control selector to the neutral position from either the forward or reverse ground travel positions. 3.21 operating control: Any device for operating the snow thrower. Included a

43、re the engine or motor starting and stopping controls (excluding choke and primer), all drive engaging controls, the drive-speed-changing controls, and the snow discharge movable-guide control. A rope or recoil starter shall not be considered a control. 3.22 operator control position: The area withi

44、n which all controls requiring operation from the operator position shall be located (see Figure 2). 3.23 operator position: The area occupied by the operator during normal operation of the machine. See Figure 2. 3.24 operator-presence control (normally off control): A control designed so that it wi

45、ll automatically stop power to a drive when the operators actuating force is removed. 3.25 parking brake system: A system used to hold one or more brakes (or braking means) continuously in an applied position. 3.26 projected exhaust outlet area: This is the projection of the exhaust outlet openings

46、perpendicular to the perimeter of the openings. For multiple openings, such as perforated outlets, the perimeter is determined by connecting the adjacent outermost holes with a series of tangent lines to circumscribe the area of the outlet holes pattern. (A 360 hole pattern on the outer perimeter of

47、 the exhaust system will require connecting lines at each end of the hole pattern.) For tubular or ducted outlets, the projection is determined by an extension from the wall of each outlet. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSINot for ResaleNo reprod

48、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ANSI B71.3-2005 4 3.27 retard: A delay in the motion of the machine speed control or directional control, or both, or a delay in the machine response to control movement. 3.28 right, left: The designation that refers to the orientation of t

49、he machine or snow thrower when the operator is at the operators position, facing forward in the intended direction of machine operation. 3.29 service brake system: The primary brake system used for decelerating and stopping a machine. 3.30 shall: The word “shall” is to be understood as a requirement. 3.31 should: The word “should” is to be und