ANSI B71.3-2014 Snow Throwers - Safety Specifications (OPEI).pdf

1、American National Standardfor Snow Throwers Safety SpecificationsANSI/OPEI B71.3-2014ANSI/OPEI B71.3-2014ANSI/OPEI B71.3-2014Revision and redesignation ofANSI B71.3-2005American National Standardfor Snow Throwers Safety SpecificationsSponsorOutdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI)Approved August 14,

2、 2014Published September 15, 2014American National Standards Institute, Inc.Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that therequirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval havebeen met by the standards developer.Consensus is established when, in the

3、 judgement of the ANSI Board ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly andmaterially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more thana simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that allviews and objections be considered, and that a

4、concerted effort be madetowards their resolution.The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; theirexistence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures

5、not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard i

6、n the name of the AmericanNational Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should beaddressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the titlepage of this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The procedures of the Ame

7、rican National StandardsInstitute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information on all standards by calling or writing the AmericanNational Standards Institute.American National Standa

8、rdPublished byAmerican National Standards Institute, Inc.25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036Copyright 2014 by Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, stored in an electronic retrieval system, or transmitted in any form

9、or by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise),without prior written permission of the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc.Printed in the United States of AmericaiContentsPageForeword .ivPart I: General1 Scope. 12 Normative references. 13 Definitions 2Part II: Walk-behind sno

10、w throwers - Requirements and test procedures4 Machine Identification 55 Controls 55.1 General requirements 55.2 Specific requirements 56 Guards, shields, chutes, deflectors, and housings 66.1 Installation 66.2 Snow discharge chutes and deflectors 66.3 Collector and/or impeller housing 66.4 Power dr

11、ives 76.5 Hot surfaces. 76.6 Engine exhaust 86.7 Snow clean-out tool . 87 Servicing 88 Electrical requirements 88.1 General 88.2 Line voltage 98.3 Low-voltage battery-powered circuits (not including magneto grounding circuits) 99 Label durability requirements. 99.1 General 99.2 Additional requiremen

12、ts . 99.3 Types considered durable 99.4 Silk screening. 1010 Tests for power snow throwers 1010.1 Test conditions. 1010.2 Controls test. 1010.3 Non-metallic snow discharge chutes and deflectors - Structural integrity test. 10iiPage11 Safety instructions and signs - Machine 1111.1 Safety instructions

13、 . 1111.2 Safety signs . 1112 Safety instructions - Operators manual. 11Part III: Ride-on machines with snow thrower attachments - Requirements and test procedures13 Machine Identification 1214 Controls . 1214.1 General requirements 1214.2 Specific requirements 1215 Guards, shields, chutes, deflecto

14、rs and housings . 1615.1 Installation 1615.2 Snow chutes and deflectors. 1615.3 Collector and/or impeller housing 1715.4 Power drives 1715.5 Hot surfaces. 1815.6 Engine exhaust 1816 Servicing 1817 Electrical requirements 1817.1 General 1817.2 Low-voltage battery-powered circuits (not including magne

15、to grounding circuits). 1918 Label durability requirements. 1918.1 General 1918.2 Additional requirements . 1918.3 Types considered durable . 1918.4 Silk screening 2019 General requirements 2019.1 Slip-resistant surface . 2019.2 Reflectors. 2020 Tests for power snow throwers 2020.1 Test conditions.

16、2020.2 Controls test. 2120.3 Non-metallic discharge chutes and deflectors - Structural integrity test . 2120.4 Stability 21iiiPage20.5 Braking requirements and tests . 2220.6 Tilt test - Controls . 2421 Safety instructions and signs - Machine. 2421.1 Safety instructions 2422 Safety instructions - Op

17、erators manual . 24Tables1 Method for the use of the test cone 82 Method for the use of the test cone 18Figures1 Test cone for the determination of hot parts accessibility 252 Arctic mitten . 253(a) Walk-behind snow throwers, two stage, top view - Operator position, operator control position, and ha

18、zard zones 263(b) Walk-behind snow throwers, single stage, top view - Operator position, operator control position, and hazard zones 273(c) Ride-on snow throwers - Operator position, operator control position, and hazard zones 284(a) Pictorials for safety labels - Snow discharge opening, Single- or

19、multiple-stage machines 294(b) Pictorials for safety labels - Snow discharge opening, Single-stage machines. 294(c) Pictorials for safety labels - Collector and/or impeller housing. 295 Snow thrower housing 306 Finger probe. 317 Safety instructions for walk-behind snow throwers 328 Safety instructio

20、ns for ride-on snow throwers 35AnnexesA Rationale 38B Bibliography . 43ivForeword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/OPEI B71.3-2014.)This standard is a revision and redesignation of American National Standard forSnow Throwers - Safety Specifications, ANSI B71.3-2005. The

21、first edition of thisstandard was approved and published by the American National Standards Institutein 1975. It has been revised four times since initial publication, including this revision.The present revision was prepared by the Outdoor Power Equipment Institutes SnowThrowers Committee. A summar

22、y of the principal changes included in this revision isas follows:- Scope revised to include statement of standard effectivity;- Addition of Machine Identification requirement (Clause 4);- Impact test requirements modified for nonmetallic discharge chutes and deflectors;- Hot surface testing require

23、ments revised;- Fuel line and fuel overfill testing removed, now covered by ANSI/OPEI B71.10-2013;- Unbalance test requirements have been removed;- Engine speed control on walk-behind units modified;- Collector housing dimension requirements modified;- Foot-operated attachment lift control direction

24、 modified;- Service brake “proof load test“ harmonized with ANSI/OPEI B71.1-2012;- Longitudinal stability test changed to allow for “positive stop“;- 5-second stopping time test acceptance has been clarified;- Placement of safety label(s) on single-stage walk-behind units modified.Consensus for this

25、 standard was achieved by the use of the Canvass Method.There are two annexes in this standard. Annex A and B are informative and not con-sidered part of this standard.Suggestions for improvement of the standard will be welcome. They should be sentto the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, 341 South

26、Patrick Street, Alexandria, VA22314 or www.opei.org.The following organizations, recognized as having an interest in the standardizationof safety requirements for snow throwers, were contacted prior to the approval of thisrevision of the standard. Inclusion in the list does not necessarily imply tha

27、t the orga-nization concurred with the submittal of the proposal to ANSI.vProducerAmerican Honda Motor Company, Inc.Ariens CompanyHusqvarnaMTD Products Inc.The Toro CompanyUserAccredited Snow Contractors AssociationKCG ManagementSnow and Ice Management AssociationTroy Clogg Landscape AssociatesGener

28、al InterestAmerican Society of Agricultural and Biological EngineersCSA InternationalDan Nielsen, Independent ConsultantUnderwriters Laboratories Inc.viAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/OPEI B71.3-2014American National Standard for Snow Throwers Safety Specifications 1 Part I: General 1 Scope The spec

29、ifications in this standard apply to (a) walk-behind power snow throwers, (b) ride-on power snow throwers, (c) lawn ride-on tractors with snow thrower attachments, (d) lawn and garden tractors with snow thrower attachments, and (e) lever-steer ride-on machines with snow thrower attachments. These sp

30、ecifications are not intended to apply to hand-held snow throwers nor to airport, highway, and agricultural types of snow removal machines and equipment. This standard does not cover all of the specifications that apply to electrically-powered snow throwers. The effective implementation date of this

31、 standard shall be two (2) years after the publication date and shall apply to all products built after that date. Manufacturers may also comply with the requirements of this standard anytime after the publication date. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through

32、 reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of

33、 applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI/NEMA Z535.4-2011, Product safety signs and labels1ANSI/OPEI B71.1-2012, Consumer Turf Care Equipment Pedestrian-Controlled Mowers and Ride-On Mowers Safety Specifications ANSI/UL 73-SEP2012, Standard for Motor-Operated Applian

34、ces ASTM G152-2013, Standard Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-metallic Materials2ASTM G155-2013, Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-metallic Materials ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery - Physical dimension

35、s of operators and minimum operator space envelope3ISO 3767-1:1998, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Symbols for operator controls and other displays Part 1: Common symbols ISO 3767-1:1998 / Amd 1:2008, Additional symbols 1ANSI standards available f

36、rom the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rdSt., New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900; www.ansi.org 2ASTM standards are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428; (610) 832-9585; www.astm.org 3ISO standards are available from the

37、American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rdSt., New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900; www.ansi.org ANSI/OPEI B71.3-2014 2 ISO 3767-1:1998 / Amd 2:2012, Additional symbols concerning the engine emissions system and diesel exhaust fluid ISO 3767-2:2008, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and fo

38、restry, powered lawn and garden equipment Symbols for operator controls and other displays Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and machinery ISO 3767-3:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Symbols for operator controls and other displays Par

39、t 3: Symbols for powered lawn and garden equipment ISO 11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agricultural and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Safety signs and hazard pictorials General principles ISO 17398:2004, Safety colours and safety signs Classification, performance and durability of

40、safety signs SAE J156-OCT2012, Fusible Links4SAE J553-JUN2004, Circuit Breakers SAE J554-AUG1987, Electric Fuses (cartridge type) SAE J594-FEB2010, Reflex Reflectors SAE J1127-OCT2012, Low Voltage Battery Cable SAE J1128-OCT2012, Low Voltage Primary Cable SAE J1284-APR1988, Blade Type Electric Fuses

41、 SAE J1292-JAN2008, Automobile and Motor Coach Wiring SAE J1362-APR2012, Graphical Symbols for Operator Controls and Displays on Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines SAE J2031-FEB2012, High Tension Ignition Cable 3 Definitions 3.1 arctic mitten: A large insulated mitten (see figure 2). 3.2 barrier:

42、 The vertical plane determined by an obstruction, such as a handle or steering wheel, that restrains the operator (see Figures 3(a) and 3(b). 3.3 brake: The mechanism used to: (a) decelerate, (b) stop, or (c) hold a vehicle or components. 3.4 braking distance: The distance traveled between the point

43、 of the first application of the brake control and the point at which the machine or combination comes to rest. 3.5 clutch: A device used for engaging or disengaging the load from the power source. 3.6 collector: An auger or similar device used to gather snow. 3.7 collector housing: The structure, f

44、ramework, or integral shields that limit access to, and egress of, material from the collector. 3.8 durable label: A label used as a safety sign or for instruction or identification and that meets or exceeds the requirements of clauses 9 and 18 of this standard. 3.9 engine (motor) kill switch: A nor

45、mally off, shutoff control for the engine (motor). 3.10 engine (motor) start: The change of engine (motor) state from not producing power to producing power. 4SAE standards are available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096; (724) 776-4970; www.sae.org ANSI/OPEI B71.3

46、-2014 3 3.11 guard or shield: A part or an assembly that restricts access to hazard areas. 3.12 hazard zone: A three-dimensional area that might be hazardous for a person to occupy (see figures 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c). The hazard zone moves with the discharge chute and does not include the space behind

47、 the discharge chute that is guarded by the discharge chute. 3.13 impeller: A power-driven device that imparts energy to discharge the snow. For the purposes of this standard, when the collecting function of a device is combined with the impelling function, the device will be called an “impeller.” 3

48、.14 impeller housing: The structure, framework, or integral shield that limits access to, and egress of, material from the impeller. 3.15 line voltage circuit: A circuit involving a potential that is not to exceed 600 volts and is in excess of those of a low-voltage circuit. (See 2.18 of ANSI/UL 73.

49、) 3.16 low-voltage circuit: A circuit involving a peak open-circuit potential of not more than 42.4 volts supplied by a primary battery, by a standard Class 2 transformer, or by a suitable combination of a transformer and a fixed impedance, which, as a unit, complies with all performance requirements for Class 2 transformers. (See 2.19 of ANSI/UL 73.) 3.17 manual start: Utilization of operator force to rotate engine for starting purposes. 3.18 neutral return: A device that will return the ground speed control selector to the neutral position from either the for