ANSI CTA-2032-B-2014 Indoor TV Receiving Antennas Performance Standard (Formerly ANSI CEA-2032-B).pdf

1、 ANSI/CTA Standard Indoor TV Receiving Antennas Performance Standard ANSI/CTA-2032-B (Formerly ANSI/CEA-2032-B) November 2014 NOTICE Consumer Technology Association (CTA) Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstand

2、ings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications shall

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4、e their voluntary use by those other than Consumer Technology Association members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are adopted by the Consumer Technology Association in accordance with the American Natio

5、nal Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, the Consumer Technology Association does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other technical publication. This document does not purport to

6、 address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. This document is cop

7、yrighted by the Consumer Technology Association and may not be reproduced, in whole or part, without written permission. Federal copyright law prohibits unauthorized reproduction of this document by any means. Organizations may obtain permission to reproduce a limited number of copies by entering in

8、to a license agreement. Requests to reproduce text, data, charts, figures or other material should be made to the Consumer Technology Association. (Formulated under the cognizance of the CTA R4 Video Systems Committee.) Published by CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION 2015 Technology Phone 800-854-7179;

9、 Fax 303-397-2740; Internet http:/; Email 2.2 Informative References The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute informative provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revis

10、ion, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed here. 2.2.1 Informative Reference List ATSC Recommended Practice A/74, Receiver Performance Guidelines, April 7, 2010, with Corrigendum No.

11、 1 and Amendment No. 1. ANSI/CEA-909-A, Antenna Control Interface, January 2011 1 CEA-2032-B 2.2.2 Informative Reference Acquisition ATSC Standards: Advanced Television Systems Committee, 1750 K Street, NW, Suite 1200, Washington, DC USA 20006; Phone 202-872-9160; Fax 202-872-9161; Internet http:/ww

12、w.atsc.org CEA Standards: Global Engineering Documents, World Headquarters, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO USA 80112-5776; Phone 800-854-7179; Fax 303-397-2740; Internet http:/; Email 2.3 Definitions CEA Test Channels The TV channels on which tests are to be conducted. These are defined in CE

13、A-774-C, Section 5. 2.4 Symbols and Abbreviations dB Decibel dBd Decibels with respect to a dipole UHF Ultra High Frequency TV Channels 14 and above VHF Very High Frequency TV Channels 2-13 2.5 Compliance Notation As used in this document “shall” and “must” denote mandatory provisions of the standar

14、d. “Should” denotes a provision that is recommended but not mandatory. “May” denotes a feature whose presence does not preclude compliance, and implementation of which is optional. “Optional” denotes items that may or may not be present in a compliant device. 3 Indoor TV Antennas - Use For purposes

15、of this standard, an antenna is a device that can be connected to a TV sets RF input terminals for purposes of converting an electromagnetic wave propagating in free space to a RF voltage. Couplers and distribution components that are not integrated with and permanently associated with an antenna ar

16、e not covered by this standard. Indoor TV antennas are devices that enable TV reception in indoor areas where there is adequate signal level above noise and interference to enable production of a viewable picture and sound. For analog reception, one high quality signal path from a TV transmitter to

17、the TV location is needed, as the presence of any significant multipath directly degrades the picture quality. For digital reception, multipath components can be removed by the receiver and perfect pictures produced. Note that digital reception fails with a “cliff effect” where reception fails total

18、ly as the quality or signal level falls outside the capability of the receiver. 2 CEA-2032-B There are many variables that influence the effectiveness of an indoor TV antenna These variables include the distance from the transmitting stations, position in the building, building construction, and ref

19、lections from other nearby structures. Especially at UHF frequencies, rooms reinforce complex standing wave patterns due to illumination from multiple sources (windows, doors, and wall penetration). These patterns can change when people in the room or in proximity to the antenna change positions. Th

20、is standard assumes that an indoor TV antenna is connected to only one TV set, and is placed on or adjacent to the TV set to which it is connected. 4 Indoor TV Antenna Characteristics Indoor TV antennas are often multidirectional. Their gain patterns resemble that of a dipole with sensitivity that c

21、hanges with frequency. When using indoor TV antennas for analog reception it is important to be able to rotate or adjust the antenna or move the antenna in each direction to optimize picture quality. Such user optimization may or may not be needed for digital TV reception, depending on the type of T

22、V set, and whether or not the ANSI/CEA-909-B interface is in use with an electrically steered antenna. Electrically steered indoor antennas that conform to ANSI/CEA-909-B may significantly improve reception as the receiver can exercise control to select optimal effective antenna patterns on each RF

23、channel. Indoor TV antennas are best suited for use in areas of moderate to high signal strength. With the exception of electrically steered antennas for digital TV reception that are controlled via an ANSI/CEA-909-B interface, indoor antennas are generally not well suited for use in weak signal are

24、as, low areas, or areas that have tall structures near the TV receiver (within about 1/2 mile). Low areas and areas near tall structures often have reflected multipath signals that can interfere with the intended signal. Amplified antennas of any type should not be used close to transmitting station

25、s unless they meet the CEA-774-C intermodulation requirements as covered in Section 5.1. The strong signal levels near transmitting stations may overload the antennas amplifier causing intermodulation interference from other TV and FM signals. 5 Antenna Requirements 5.1 Intermodulation All antenna g

26、ain specifications shall be prior to any active stage. To avoid internal generation of spurious signals, any antenna employing active circuitry shall keep intermodulation and spurious products from all sources, including FM broadcast stations, 44 dB below any TV channel. For an active (amplified) an

27、tenna to meet this standard, the antenna shall meet the distortion tests described in CEA-774-C, Section 8.3 or 9.3. A deviation of +1 dB/(any) dB from the category specification is allowed in this test These tests are designed to provide reasonable confidence that the required intermodulation perfo

28、rmance can be met. Active indoor antennas may provide a means of bypassing active circuits or 3 CEA-2032-B otherwise modifying circuit operation to meet the intermodulation and spurious requirements for operation in high signal strength areas. 5.1.1 Indoor Antenna Gain Requirements To meet this stan

29、dard an antenna must have antenna gain: that exceeds -12 dBd on all CEA test channels 2, 4, and 6 in the VHF low band that exceeds -8 dBd on all CEA test channels 7, 9, 11, and 13 in the VHF high band that exceeds -8 dBd on all CEA test channels contained in the UHF band (channels 14-51) The test pr

30、ocedures in CEA-774-C shall be employed to measure the antenna performance. Manual manipulation of the antenna or automated control of the antenna via an ANSI/CEA-909-B interface is permitted prior to measurement on each required test channel. Indoor antennas shall be measured placed on a platform o

31、ne meter above the ground. Indoor antennas designed to be attached to TV sets shall be measured attached to a TV set placed on the one meter platform. 5.1.2 Amplifiers Requirements: An indoor antenna with an amplifier (built-in or included at the point of sale) must meet the intermodulation requirem

32、ents in Section 5 above and must not have a gain of less than 10dB including all test and measurement tolerances and a gain of not more than 14 dB +/- 3dB unless the antenna has a means of reducing amplifier gain to 14 dB or bypassing the amplifier by user control or by action of an ANSI/CEA-909-B i

33、nterface control signal. An antenna with an ANSI/CEA-909-B interface that is not connected must bypass the amplifier, limit gain to 14 dB, or provide a user operated gain control that is capable of reducing gain to 14 dB or less. 6 Indoor TV Antenna Marking Requirements Antenna packaging, and the an

34、tennas, shall be marked indicating the channels or band of channels for which the antenna meets the technical requirements in this standard. Any antenna that has a built-in amplifier that cannot be separated from the antenna shall employ the word “amplified“ on the packaging and antenna. Manufacture

35、rs may add additional words equivalent to “amplified“ in other languages. 4 Consumer Technology Association Document Improvement Proposal If in the review or use of this document a potential change is made evident for safety, health or technical reasons, please email your reason/rationale for the recommended change to standardsCE.org. Consumer Technology Association Technology & Standards Department 1919 S Eads Street, Arlington, VA 22202 FAX: 703-907-7693 standardsCE.org